Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ

Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ ndi tiyi wobiriwira wodziwika bwino wa m’chigawo cha Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), womwe umamera m’dera lokongola la mapiri a Jinggangshan (井冈山, Jǐnggāngshān) — mapiri omwe ali ndi mbiri ya ulemerero wa chisinthiko ndipo nthawi zonse amakutidwa ndi mitambo. Tiyi ameneyu, wotengera miyambo ya tiyi wodziwika bwino wa “Shiji” (石姬茶) wazaka zopitilira 600, ali m’gulu la tiyi asanu ndi atatu odziwika a Jiangxi ndipo ndi cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosaoneka cha m’chigawochi. Chizindikiro chake ndi timizere tating’ono, topindika ngati mbedza, tophimbidwa mowolowola ndi ubweya wa siliva, wonyezimira wobiriwira wa emeradi ndi fungo la orchid ndi mtedza wa chestnut.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosavundikizidwa. Kachitidwe kake ndi tiyi wobiriwira wowotchedwa (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) wokhala ndi zinthu zina zowumitsira (烘青, hōngqīng) m’gawo lomaliza.
• Gulu: Tiyi odziwika a Jiangxi (江西名茶, Jiāngxī Míngchá). Ali m’gulu la tiyi asanu ndi atatu abwino kwambiri a m’chigawochi kuyambira 1982. Cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosaoneka cha m’chigawo (省级非物质文化遗产, 2010).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangxi (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), mzinda wa Ji’an (吉安市, Jí’ān Shì), dera la Jinggangshan (井冈山市, Jǐnggāngshān Shì). Malo akulu opangira ndi minda ya tiyi ya Huaguoshan (花果山茶园, Huāguǒshān Cháyuán) m’dera la Ciping (茨坪, Cípíng), m’malo a dziko la malo okongola a Jinggangshan.
• Ma coordinates a geografia: Pafupifupi 26°30′–26°45′ N, 114°05′–114°20′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Kulima tiyi m’mapiri a Jinggangshan kwatsala pang’ono kufika zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Malinga ndi nthano, kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Yuan (元, 1271–1368) — koyambirira kwa nthawi ya Ming (明, 1368–1644), mkazi wina dzina lake Shiji (石姬, Shí Jī) — amene akuti anali wantchito wakumwamba, wotamandidwa padziko lapansi — anakhala m’dera la Tongmuling (桐木岭, Tóngmùlǐng) ndipo anaphunzitsa anthu am’deralo kulima ndi kukonza tiyi. Tiyi amene anapangidwa anatchulidwa kuti “Shiji Cha” (石姬茶, Shí Jī Chá — “Tiyi wa Shiji”), ndipo kupanga kwake kunali kuperekedwa kwa mibadwo yotsatana. M’nthawi ya Qing (清), pa ulamuliro wa mfumu Jiaqing (嘉庆, Jiāqìng, ulamuliro 1796–1820), tiyi wa ku Jinggangshan anawonjezedwa pa mndandanda wa zopereka zapanyumba yachifumu (贡茶, gòngchá) ndipo anapatsidwa dzina lovomerezeka. M’zaka za zana la 20, fakitare ya tiyi ya Ciping (茨坪茶厂, Cípíng Cháchǎng), yomwe inkagwira ntchito m’dongosolo laboma la kulima malo a Jinggangshan (井冈山垦殖场), inachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. M’zaka za m’ma 1960, fakita inasintha luso lamakono lopangira tiyi ndi kukonza muyeso wa tiyi monga momwe uliri lero. Mu 1962, mkulu wankhondo Zhu De (朱德, Zhū Dé) paulendo wake wachiwiri ku Jinggangshan analawa tiyi wam’deralo ndipo anayamikira kwambiri “fungo lake loyera ndi lolemera” (清香馥郁, qīngxiāng fùyù). Mu 1982, tiyiyi anavomerezedwa kukhala mmodzi mwa tiyi asanu ndi atatu odziwika a Jiangxi; mu 1985, analandira mphoto ya Unduna wa Zaulimi, Zoweta ndi Usodzi chifukwa cha ubwino wake; mu 1988, anakhala woyamba pakati pa tiyi atsopano odziwika a Jiangxi. Mu 2001, fakitare inasinthidwa kukhala kampani yaumwini, ndipo mu 2010, luso lopanga Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ linawonjezedwa pa kaundula wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosaoneka cha m’chigawo.

• Dzina: “Jǐnggāng” (井冈) ndi dzina la mapiri a Jinggangshan, kutanthauza “phiri la zitsime”. “Cuì” (翠) — “wobiriwira wa emeradi”, “wobiriwira ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali”. “Lǜ” (绿) — “wobiriwira”. Dzina lonse — “Kubiriwira Ngati Emeradi kwa Jinggangshan” — likuwonetsa malo a chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe aakulu a tiyi: mtundu wowala, wobiriwira wa masamba owuma, wa madzi a tiyi ndi wa masamba otenthedwa.

• Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Jinggangshan ndi malo omwe anakhazikitsidwa malo oyamba a chisinthiko a Gulu Lankhondo Lofiira (1927) ndipo ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri paulendo wa “zofiira” ku China. Tiyi wa Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ amawonedwa osati monga chakudya chokha, komanso monga chizindikiro cha chigawo chomwe chikuphatikiza cholowa cha chisinthiko, kukongola kwachilengedwe kwa “Jinggang wa mailosi mazana asanu” (五百里井冈, wǔbǎi lǐ Jǐnggāng) ndi miyambo yakale ya tiyi. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi paki ya fakitare ili ndi udindo wa “Malo a Dziko Lonse a Zosangalatsa Zaulimi ndi Zokopa Alendo a Nyenyezi Zinayi” (全国休闲农业与乡村旅游四星级, 2021).

3. Kufotokozera Kwazomera ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu / Kultivar: Mtundu waukulu ndi wakumaloko wotchedwa “Jǐnggāng Qúntǐ Zhǒng” (井冈群体种, Jǐnggāng Qúntǐ Zhǒng, “mtundu wa anthu a ku Jinggang”) — mtundu wa tsamba lapakatikati wa chitsamba (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis). Zomera zimapirira kuzizira ndi chilala, ndi zotuluka zobiriwira pang’ono, zobiriwira zofiirira pang’ono ndi ubweya wochepa. Kulemera kwa zotuluka 100 za muyeso wa “kapukutu kamodzi — masamba atatu” ndi pafupifupi 47 g. Mapolifenolo a tiyi ali 25–30 %, ma amino asidi aulere — ≥ 4,5 %.
• Kukolola: Nyengo yaikulu ndi yachisanu, kuyambira Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng, koyambirira kwa April) mpaka Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, kumapeto kwa April). Pali magulu aŵiri a nyengo: “pamaso pa Qingming” (明前茶, míngqián chá) — wosakhwima ndi watsopano kwambiri, ndi “pamaso pa Guyu” (雨前茶, yǔqián chá) — wokhala ndi kukoma kokwanira, kolemera chifukwa cha nthawi yochuluka ya kumera.
• Mlingo wa kukolola: Wapadera (特级): zotuluka zokhazokha zapakamwa kapena “kapukutu kamodzi — tsamba limodzi loyamba kutseguka” (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn). Gulu loyamba (一级): “kapukutu kamodzi — tsamba limodzi” (一芽一叶). Gulu lachiŵiri (二级): “kapukutu kamodzi — masamba aŵiri” (一芽二叶).
• Zofunika pa zipangizo: Zipangizo zazing’ono, zofanana, zopanda masamba olimba. Zotuluka ziziyenera kukhala zathunthu, zatsopano, zopanda kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi fungo lachilendo.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika Zapadera za Kulima:

• Nyengo ndi maonekedwe a nthaka: Jinggangshan ili m’chigawo chapakati cha phiri la Luoxiao (罗霄山脉, Luóxiāo Shānmài), pamalire a zigawo za Jiangxi ndi Hunan. Nyengo ndi yotentha, yachinyezi cha pakati pa madera otentha (中亚热带湿润气候, zhōng yàrèdài shīrùn qìhòu). Chinyezi cha pachaka cha pafupifupi ndi ≥ 80 %, mvula ya pachaka ndi pafupifupi 2000 mm. Mapiri amakutidwa ndi mitambo ndi nkhungu chaka chonse, kupereka kuwala kochuluka kobalalika (漫射光, màn shè guāng), komwe kuli ndi phindu lalikulu pa kudzikundikira kwa ma amino asidi ndi mankhwala onunkhira m’tsamba la tiyi. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumalepheretsa kupangika kwa ulusi wolimba ndipo kumathandiza kuti tsamba likhale ndi theanine yochuluka.
• Utali wa malo: 800–1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja — ndiwo malo omwe amapezeka tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri.
• Nthaka: Nthaka zophwanyika za miyala yamchenga (砂岩风化土, shāyán fēnghuà tǔ), za asidi (pH 4,5–5,0), zokhala ndi humus ndi zinthu za m’nthaka zochuluka — kuphatikizapo seleniyamu (Se) ndi ayodini (I). Mbali ya nthaka yakuya yokhala ndi kapangidwe kabwino imathandiza kuti mizu ipeze zakudya zokwanira.
• Zapadera za kulima: Minda ya tiyi ili m’dera la malo okongola a dziko la Jinggangshan. Madera oyamba kupangira:
  • Huaguoshan, Ciping (茨坪花果山, Cípíng Huāguǒshān) — malo oyamba a mbiri yakale, munda wokhala ndi malo opitilira 1000 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 67), moyandikana ndi paki ya maluwa a orchid ndi munda wa maluwa a osmanthus.
  • Tongmuling (桐木岭, Tóngmùlǐng) — dera lakale la tiyi, likulu lophunzitsira luso la cholowa chosaoneka.
  • Huang’ao (黄坳, Huáng’ào) ndi Xiaqi (下七, Xiàqī) — malo owonjezera opangira. Malo onse a minda ya tiyi yosamalira chilengedwe a kampaniyo ndi oposa 10,000 mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 667), ogawidwa m’zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi (Huangyazie, Dajing, Dalong, Huaguoshan, Tongmuling, Xincheng) pamtunda wa 600–1000 m.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ amapangidwa ndi njira yamanja yokha (全程手工, quánchéng shǒugōng) m’magawo asanu ndi atatu otsatizana, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zofunikira zokhazikitsidwa ndi udindo wa cholowa chosaoneka. Luso limaphatikiza njira zamakolo za “kutaya, kuphika, kukoka ndi kugwedeza” (抛闷捞抖, pāo mèn lāo dǒu) ndi ntchito yamanja yabwino yopangira ubweya.

1. Kuyanika pang’ono (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): Zotuluka zomwe zangotoledwa kumene zimayalidwa mosanjikiza kwambiri kwa maola 2–3 kuti zichepetse chinyezi pang’ono ndi kuyambitsa zoyambitsa fungo.
2. Kukhazikitsa ubiriwira / “kupha ubiriwira” (杀青 — shāqīng): Kuwotcha m’miphika pa 140–160 °C. Kwa gulu lapadera — kuyika 0.25 kg pa mphika umodzi, kwa gulu loyamba — 0.5 kg. Amawotcha mpaka tsamba litakhala lofewa ndi mtundu ukuda, ndipo tsinde lisathyoke popindika.
3. Kukulunga koyamba (初揉 — chūróu): Kumachitika mu mphala yapadera ya nsungwi (竹盘, zhúpán). Amakulunga mpaka timizere tapangika ndipo madzi a m’maselo aonekera pamwamba.
4. Kuwotchanso (再炒 — zàichǎo): Kuwotcha kwakanthawi kowonjezera pa 120 °C kuti akwaniritse kusakwanira kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa chinyezi china.
5. Kukulunganso (复揉 — fùróu): Kukhwimitsa kowonjezera ndi kusanja kaonekedwe ka timizere ta tiyi.
6. Kupanga timizere (搓条 — cuōtiáo): Kukoka kwamanja kwa tsamba m’manja kuti apange kaonekedwe kopyapyala, kopindika ngati mbedza (曲勾, qūgōu).
7. Kukulunga ndi kukweza ubweya (搓团提毫 — cuōtuán tíháo): Gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limatsimikizira maonekedwe a tiyi. Kutentha kolamulidwa kwa manja kumayambitsa ndi kumasula ubweya woyera (白毫, báiháo), kupanga mphamvu ya “chisanu cha siliva” (银毫披露, yín háo pīlù). Gawo limatha pamene tsamba likhala ndi kakhungu kakuthwa pakalikhudza.
8. Kuyanika (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Kuyanika pang’onopang’ono pa 70 °C mpaka chinyezi chifike pa ≤ 5 %. Kuthana kwa kutentha kotsika kumateteza fungo lofewa ndi mtundu wobiriwira.

6. Makhalidwe Ozindikirika ndi Ziwalo:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Kaonekedwe — timizere tating’ono, tolimba, topindika pang’ono ngati mbedza, zofanana ndi nkhope (眉形, méixíng). Ubweya wochuluka wa siliva (显毫, xiǎn háo). Mtundu — wobiriwira wochuluka ngati emeradi (翠绿, cuìlǜ).
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Fungo la orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — lofewa, loyera, ndi kutsekemera kwa maluwa. Fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — lofunda, la mtedza. Fungo latsopano la nsungwi (竹叶清香, zhúyè qīngxiāng) — chizindikiritso chobiriwira pang’ono.
• Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Lofanana — la orchid ndi chestnut ndi kathithi ka nsungwi. Fungo ndi lokhazikika, losanjikizana, limatuluka pang’onopang’ono pamene chikho chikuzizira.
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kotsekemera (甘, gān), kolimba ndi kolemera (醇厚, chúnhòu). Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa katsopano ka amino asidi ndi kukoma kokwanira, kozungulira. Kutsekemera komveka pambuyo pomeza.
• Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wowala, woyera, wobiriwira kwambiri ndi kachikasu pang’ono (清澈明亮, qīngchè míngliàng).
• Masamba otenthedwa (tsamba lophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, ofewa, olimba a mtundu wobiriwira wofewa, owoneka amoyo, atsopano. Akaphikidwa m’galasi lowongoka, amawonedwa chithunzi chochititsa chidwi: nsonga zamaluwa zimayandama pamwamba, kuyima mmwamba, kenako n’kumira pansi pang’onopang’ono — ndipo izi zimachitika katatu (三起三落, sān qǐ sān luò), ngati “kuvina kwa namwali wakumwamba akumwaza maluwa” (天女散花, tiānnǚ sàn huā).

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati mwake:

• Polifenolo (makatekini): 25–30 % ya kulemera kowuma. Kuchita kwa antioxidant kwa polifenolo a tiyi kumaposa 18 kuchulukitsa kwa vitamini E.
• Amino asidi (kuphatikizapo L-theanine): ≥ 4,5 % — mlingo wapamwamba kwa tiyi wobiriwira, chifukwa cha malo a m’mapiri okhala ndi kuwala kochuluka kobalalika. Ndithudi theanine ndi amino asidi ena aulere amapanga kukoma kwa “katsopano” ndi “kutsekemera”.
• Alkaloidi: Kafeini (咖啡碱) pamilingo yanthawi zonse ya tiyi wobiriwira. L-theanine imayendera bwino zochita za kafeini, kupereka mphamvu yofewa, yokhazikika.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (muzinthu zatsopano), mavitamini a gulu B, vitamini K.
• Mchere: Seleniyamu (Se) ndi ayodini (I) — zimadza chifukwa cha zinthu za m’nthaka; potaziyamu, manganese, fluoride (200–300 ppm — zimapereka mphamvu yoletsa kutupa kwa mano).
• Mafuta onunkhira: Amayambitsa fungo la orchid ndi chestnut, lomwe limapangika m’mikhalidwe ya nkhungu za m’mapiri ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku.

8. Ubwino Wake:

• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa polifenolo (mpaka 30 %) kumapereka mphamvu yamphamvu yothetsera ma free radicals, kuposa zochita za vitamini E 18 kuchulukitsa.

• Zotsatira zopatsa mphamvu: Kugwirizana kwa L-theanine ndi kafeini kumathandiza kumveka bwino kwamalingaliro, kukhazikika kwa chidwi ndi mphamvu yofewa popanda nkhawa.

• Zochita zoletsa mabakiteriya ndi kuchepetsa kutupa: Makatekini (儿茶素, ér chá sù) amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Kuteteza mano: Fluoride (200–300 ppm) imathandiza kulimbitsa enamel ya mano ndi kupewa matenda a mano.

• Thandizo la chakudya: Polifenolo ochepa amathandiza kugaya chakudya pambuyo pa kudya, kuyambitsa kutuluka kwa ma enzyme a chakudya.

• Thandizo la dongosolo la mtima: Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, makatekini amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa mlingo wa mafuta m’magazi.

• Zofunika: Ubwino umenewu watengera zomwe zili m’kati mwake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachikhalidwe; ndi chidziwitso chachikulu, osati uphungu wachipatala.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85 °C. Kwa gulu lapadera, kutsika mpaka 80 °C n’kotheka.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3–5 g pa 150–200 ml.

• Chombo: Galasi lowongoka (直筒玻璃杯, zhítǒng bōlí bēi) — ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kuti muone “kuvina kwa kumira katatu” ndi kukongola kwa tsamba lobiriwira. Chombo cha porcelain choyera (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) chimagwiranso ntchito.

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi otentha ndi kuwathira.
  2. Ikani tiyi. Chitani kutsuka mwachangu (快速洗茶, kuàisù xǐchá) — thirani madzi ndipo n’kuwathira nthawi yomweyo.
  3. Njira ya ‘kumwamba’ kapena ‘yapakati’: thirani 1/3 ya kuchuluka kwa madzi, gwedezani chombo kuti tsamba linyowe ndi (摇香润茶, yáoxiāng rùnchá), kenako thirani madzi mpaka odzaza ndi mtsinje wapamwamba.
  4. Kuphika koyamba — mphindi 1–2.
  5. Kuphika kotsatira kulikonse — wonjezerani masekondi 30.
  6. Tiyi amatha kupirira ma brew 3–4 athunthu.

• Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito: Pewani kumwa pamene muli ndi njala (ma tanini amakwiyitsa khungu lamkati la m’mimba). Musalole kuti apikidwe kwa nthawi yaitali kuti asakhale owawa kwambiri. Tiyi watsopano akulangizidwa kuti akhale pafupifupi masabata aŵiri atapangidwa (陈放半月, chénfàng bànyuè), kuti kukoma kowawa kwa “kobiriwira” (青气, qīngqì) kuchoke. Tiyi wa gulu lapadera asungidwe momangika bwino pa 0–5 °C.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutseka momangika, kuteteza ku kuwala, fungo lachilendo ndi chinyezi.
• Njira yabwino — 0–5 °C (mufiriji), makamaka kwa tiyi wa gulu lapadera, pofuna kupewa kutsekemera.
• Pambuyo pa kutsegula phukusi — amwe mkati mwa masabata 4–8.
• Asanatsegule phukusi lozizira, alilole kuti lifike kutentha kwa chipinda motsekedwa, kuti madzi asapange nthunzi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zinthu Zonyenga:

• Cholinga cha mtengo (mitengo yamsika, ma yuan pa jin / 500 g):
  • Gulu lapadera (特级): kuyambira 1500 yuan ndi kupitilira apo — nsonga zathunthu kapena “kapukutu kamodzi — tsamba limodzi loyamba kutseguka”, ubweya wagolide umakhala ≥ 80 %, kukoma — kwatsopano, kotsekemera, kolemera.
  • Gulu loyamba (一级): gawo lapakati lamtengo — “kapukutu kamodzi — tsamba limodzi”, kaonekedwe koyenera, fungo loyera.
  • Gulu lachiŵiri (二级): njira yotsika mtengo — “kapukutu kamodzi — masamba aŵiri”, kaonekedwe kotayira pang’ono, kukoma koona, kofanana.
• Zomwe zimakhudza mtengo: Nyengo (明前 ndi yodula kuposa 雨前); mlingo wa kukolola; ntchito yamanja (kupanga kwamanja kokwanira — magawo asanu ndi atatu); udindo wa cholowa chosaoneka.
• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka a fakitare ya tiyi ya Jinggangshan (江西井冈山茶厂) kapena m’masitolo a tiyi odalirika.
  • Yang’anani kaonekedwe ka mbedza (曲勾) ndi ubweya wochuluka wa siliva — ichi ndi chizindikiro chake, chovuta kubwerezedwa ndi zonyenga.
  • Yang’anani zotsatira za “kumira katatu” pakaphikidwa — nsonga za Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ weniweni zimayandama ndi kumira katatu.
  • Yang’anani kukhalapo kwa chizindikiro cha “Jiangxi Laozihao” (江西老字号, “Chizindikiro Chakale cha Jiangxi”), komanso ziphaso za “chakudya chobiriwira” ndi ISO 9001.
  • Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika ndi chifukwa chokayikira kuti ndi weniweni: kupanga kwamanja m’magawo asanu ndi atatu kuchokera ku zipangizo za m’mapiri ndi kokwera mtengo kwenikweni.

12. Zowonjezera Zosangalatsa:

• Nthano ya Shiji (石姬) — namwali wakumwamba, wotamandidwa padziko lapansi chifukwa chothyola mwangozi chikho cha miyala yamtengo wapatali cha Mfumu Yakumwamba — imakhala mgulu la chikhalidwe la dera. Malinga ndi nthano, Shiji anakhala kumunsi kwa Jinggangshan, anakonda anthu am’deralo chifukwa cha kuchereza kwawo, ndipo anawaphunzitsa luso la kulima tiyi. Mudzi (石姬村), chigwa cha mapiri (石姬窝) ndi mtsinje (石姬溪) anapatsidwa dzina lake.
• Mu 1962, mkulu wankhondo Zhu De (朱德), mmodzi mwa oyambitsa Gulu Lankhondo la Kumasula Anthu, paulendo wake wachiwiri ku Jinggangshan anaima m’munda wa tiyi wa Huaguoshan ndipo anayamika pagulu kukoma kwa tiyi wam’deralo, powutcha “woyera ndi wolemera” (清香馥郁). Nkhani imeneyi inakhala chikumbutso chofunika kwambiri m’mbiri ya chizindikiro.
• Akaphikidwa m’galasi lowongoka, Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ amawonetsa zotsatira zokongola zosowa za “kumira ndi kuyandama katatu” (三起三落): nsonga zamaluwa zimakwera pamwamba katatu, kuyima mmwamba ndi kumira pang’onopang’ono, kupanga chithunzi chofanana ndi “kuvina kwa namwali wakumwamba akumwaza maluwa” kapena “maluwa a orchid akutseguka”.
• Tiyi amatumizidwa ku United States ndi mayiko a Kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia; nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi paki ya tiyi pafakitare ili ndi udindo wapadera wanyenyezi zinayi wa dziko lonse wa zokopa alendo ndipo ndi gawo la ulendo wa “zofiira” wa Jinggangshan.
• Kupanga kwa Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ ndi kumodzi mwa zochepa ku China kumene magawo onse asanu ndi atatu amachitidwa ndi manja okha. Ndithudi, kuwongolera kwamanja pa gawo la “kukulunga ndi kukweza ubweya” (搓团提毫) kumatsimikizira maonekedwe apadera: kutentha kwa manja a katswiri kumayambitsa kumasulidwa kwa ubweya wa siliva, kumene sikungabwerezedwe ndi makina.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira:

• Lushan Yunwu (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Tiyi wina wamkulu wobiriwira wa Jiangxi, m’gulu la “khumi” la tiyi odziwika a China. Tiyi onse aŵiri ndi a m’mapiri, amera m’mitambo ndi nkhungu, ndi amino asidi ochuluka. Komabe, Lushan Yunwu amapangidwa ndi njira ya kuwotcha m’magawo asanu ndi anayi ndipo ali ndi kukoma kwa “mtedza” kowonekera kwambiri, pamene Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ amasiyana ndi fungo lake la orchid, ubweya wochuluka ndi zotsatira zapadera za “kumira katatu”.
• Gougounao (狗牯脑, Gǒugǔnǎo): Tiyi wina wodziwika wobiriwira wa Jiangxi, wochokera ku dera la Suichuan (遂川). Amamera pamalo otsika, ali ndi tsamba lolimba, lozungulira ndi kukoma kowonekera kwa chestnut. Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ ndi “wozungulira” kwambiri, wokhazikika pa katsopano ndi fungo la maluwa.
• Shuangjing Lü (双井绿, Shuāngjǐng Lǜ): Tiyi wobiriwira wa ku dera la Xiushui (修水), chigawo cha Jiangxi, ndi mbiri yoyambira nthawi ya Song. Ndi wofewa ndi wosakhwima kwambiri, wopanda ubweya wochuluka. Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ amamuposa pa “chiwonetsero” cha kaphikidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa amino asidi.
• Jiuhua Mao Feng (九华毛峰, Jiǔhuá Máo Fēng): Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri a ku phiri la Jiuhuashan (Anhui). Malo ofanana a m’mapiri ndi malo a nkhungu ndi mitambo, koma tiyi wa ku Anhui amapangidwa ndi njira yophika (烘青) ndi fungo la maluwa lowonekera kwambiri. Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ ndi wolemera kwambiri komanso wooneka ngati mbedza.

Potseka:

Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ ndi tiyi wokhala ndi khalidwe, wophatikiza mbiri yazaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi, luso lamanja ndi malo apadera a m’mapiri a “mailosi mazana asanu” a Jinggangshan. Timizere tating’ono topindika, tobiriwira ngati emeradi ndi siliva, fungo la orchid ndi chestnut, ndi “kuvina kwa kumira katatu” kosangalatsa m’galasi kumapanga tiyi ameneyu kukhala osati chakumwa chokoma chokha, komanso chokumana nacho chokongola. Ngati mumayamikira ntchito yamanja, katsopano ka m’mapiri ndi kuya kwa mbiri mu chikho chilichonse — Jǐnggāng Cuì Lǜ adzakhala kutulukira koyenera pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa China.