Jīngāng Bì Lǜ · new.thetea.app

Jīngāng Bì Lǜ (金刚碧绿, jīngāng bì lǜ) ndi tiyi wobiriŵira waku China wamapiri, wopangidwa ndi mtundu wophatikiza wa kakhozeledwe (烘炒型, hōngchǎo xíng), umene umapangidwa m’mphepete mwa nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri a Dabeshan — pachimake cha Jīngāng Tái — m’boma la Shangcheng m’chigawo cha Henan. Unapangidwa mu 1984 kudzera mu kuphatikiza luso la Lóngjǐng ndi Máojiān, tiyi uyu amaphatikiza maonekedwe athyathyathya ochititsa chidwi ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya polyphenols ya zipangizo za kumapiri, ndipo ndi tiyi woyamba wa boma la Shangcheng kulandira mphoto yapadziko lonse.

1. Kufotokoza ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriŵira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosapangidwa kupesa. Malinga ndi njira yopangira, ndi wa mtundu wophatikiza wotchedwa hōngchǎo (烘炒型绿茶, hōngchǎo xíng lǜchá) — tiyi wobiriŵira umene pa kupanga kwake amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri: kukazinga m’mbale ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha (makala oyaka).
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriŵira wa dzina la Henan wopangidwa mwatchutchutchu; woimira mwambo wa Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān). Ali m’gulu la tiyi wotchedwa “Shangcheng Gaoshan Cha” (商城高山茶) — tiyi wa kumapiri kwa boma la Shangcheng.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Henan (河南省, Hénán Shěng), mzinda wa Xinyang (信阳市, Xìnyáng Shì), boma la Shangcheng (商城县, Shāngchéng Xiàn). Malo apakati a kupanga ndi mapiri a Jīngāng Tái (金刚台, Jīngāng Tái) ndi madera oyandikana nawo: nsonga ya Bìlián (碧莲峰, Bìlián Fēng, yomwe imatchedwanso Dàhuángjiān — 大黄尖), mudzi wa Sūxiānshí (苏仙石, Sūxiānshí), chigwa cha Dōnghé Báilóngtán (东河白龙潭) ndi Yīnwān (殷塆).
Zizindikiro za Geographical: Pafupifupi 31°48′ N, 115°32′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ndi tiyi wangopangidwa posachedwapa, mwadala. Kuyamba kwake kunachitika mu 1984 motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa tiyi Yáng Zhìdòng (杨智栋, Yáng Zhìdòng), ameneyo anapathera zaka zisanu kuyesa, pokonzekera kuphatikiza zabwino za tiyi awiri akulu obiriŵira: maonekedwe athyathyathya achisomo a Lóngjǐng (龙井) ndi mphamvu ndi fungo lonunkhira la Máojiān (毛尖). M’chaka cha 1989 njira yapadera inakhazikitsidwa ndipo tiyi anayamba kupangidwa mokulirapo. Mu 1990 pa chiwonetsero cha m’chigawo cha Henan cha tiyi wotchuka, Jīngāng Bì Lǜ anavomerezedwa kukhala “Tiyi Watsopano Wotchuka wa Chigawo cha Henan” (河南省新名茶). Mu 1992 tiyi anakwaniritsa chiphaso cha Central Center for Tea Quality Control ya Unduna wa Zaulimi, chomwe chinatsimikizira kuti ali ndi mfundo zoyenera za tiyi wotchuka. Chipambano chachikulu chinali Chiwonetsero Cha Tiyi Chapadziko Lonse cha ku Hangzhou mu 1999, pomwe Jīngāng Bì Lǜ analandira mphoto ya golide (国际名茶金奖, guójì míngchá jīnjiǎng), n’kukhala tiyi woyamba wa ku boma la Shangcheng kuzindikiridwa padziko lonse. Mu 2003 chizindikiro cholembetsedwa cha malonda cha dzina lomwelo chinalembedwa, ndipo mu 2007 unakhala choyamba “Chizindikiro Chotchuka cha Chigawo” (河南省著名商标) pakati pa tiyi wa ku Shangcheng. Mu 2020 luso la kupanga Jīngāng Bì Lǜ linayikidwa mu kaundula wa cholowa chachikhalidwe chosaoneka cha mzinda wa Xinyang (信阳市非物质文化遗产). Mu 2023 muyezo wa gulu (团体标准, tuántǐ biāozhǔn) unasindikizidwa ndikukhazikitsa ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya magrade.
Dzina: Jīngāng (金刚) — “Diamond”, “Vajra” — amalozera ku phiri la Jīngāng Tái (金刚台), nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri a Dabeshan, kutalika kwake 1584 m, pomwe tiyi amamera. Dzina la phiri, komanso, limagwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha Chibuda cha kulimba kosatha. Bì (碧) — “nkhwingwirima”, “ngati mwala wamtengo wapatali”. Lǜ (绿) — “wobiriŵira”. Chomwecho, dzina lonse limatanthauza “Ubiriŵira Wamtengo Wapatali wa Phiri la Diamond” — ndi kufotokoza mwandakatulo mtundu wa tiyi ndi malo amene amachokera.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ndi chinthu chonyadilira cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha boma la Shangcheng komanso dera lalikulu la Xinyang, lomwe lakhala lodziŵika kale monga kwawo kwa umodzi mwa tiyi khumi wakale otchuka ku China — Xinyang Maojian. Shangcheng ili mkati mwenimweni mwa mapiri a Dabeshan (大别山, Dàbiéshān) pa mphepete mwa zigawo za Henan ndi Anhui — dera lakale la ulimi wa tiyi, lotchulidwa mu “Buku la Tiyi” (《茶经》, Chá Jīng) la Lù Yǔ. Tiyi amaimira chikhumbo cha amisiri a m’deralo chofuna kutulukira zatsopano m’mwambo: osati kungotengera tiyi wotchuka wa Máojiān, koma kupanga chinthu chatsopano kwenikweni, kuphatikiza zinthu zabwino za masukulu osiyanasiyana a tiyi. Njira imeneyi — kuphatikiza ulemerero wakumwera (wa Zhejiang) ndi mphamvu ndi kudzala kwakumpoto (kwa Henan) — yapanga Jīngāng Bì Lǜ kukhala chizindikiro cha luso la kutulukira mu ulimi wa tiyi ku Henan. Tiyi amayanjanitsidwanso ndi “zapamwamba zisanu ndi zitatu” (八最, bā zuì): malo otalika kwambiri, mtunda wakutali kwambiri kumpoto, nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya kuphuka, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kuphika, zinthu zambiri zakudya, kuchepa kwa kupezeka pamsika, zizindikiro zoonekera bwino kwambiri, kukoma kotsitsimula kwambiri.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Cultivar yaikulu ya m’deralo ndi Guìhuā zhǒng (桂花种, Guìhuā zhǒng, kutanthauza “mtundu wa Osmanthus”) — mtundu wapadera wamakono wa mitengo yokhuthala ndi masamba okhuthala, omwe ali ndi polyphenols ofika 25% kapena kuposerapo. Uwo ndi woyenera kupangira tiyi wobiriŵira wokhazikika komanso wamphamvu. Kuphatikizira, amalimidwa mtundu wa Báiháo Zǎo (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo) — mtundu wofika msanga wokhala ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka, ndi Lóngjǐng-43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43) wochokera ku Zhejiang, wofika nawonso msanga, wokhala ndi timabwebweta tochuluka, ndipo amawonjezera kutsitsimuka ndi kunyezimira kwa kukoma.
Kututa: Nthawi yaikulu ndi mchaka, ndipo ubwino wapamwamba umapezeka mu nyengo ya Qīngmíng–Gǔyǔ (清明–谷雨, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April). Chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu komwe amamera, tiyi amafika pamsika mochedwa kuposa tiyi wina wambiri wobiriŵira wa kum’mawa kwa China — ichi ndi chimodzi mwa “zapamwamba zisanu ndi zitatu” zake.
Muyezo wa kututa: Gulu lapamwamba kwambiri — mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè), gulu loyamba — makamaka mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi ndi kulolera masamba ochepa a mphukira ndi masamba aŵiri, gulu lachiwiri — mphukira ndi masamba aŵiri. Mphukira ndi masamba azikhala osaduka, osawonongeka, ndipo masamba odwala, a mtundu wabulauni ndi okalamba achotsedwa.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe Obzalidwa:

Nyengo ndi mtunda: Minda ya tiyi ili mkati mwa mapiri a Dabeshan (大别山), m’mphepete mwa nsonga ya Jīngāng Tái ndi nsonga zina zoyandikana, pamtunda wa mamita 800 mpaka 1584. Kutentha kwa pachaka kumakhala 15.3 °C, mvula ya pachaka imafika pafupifupi 2200 mm (chimodzi mwa zisonyezo zapamwamba kwambiri m’madera a ulimi wa tiyi ku China). Masiku amene kuli nkhungu amaposa 200 pachaka, ndipo kuwala kobalalika kumaposa 70%. Mkhalidwe umenewu uli pafupi ndi wabwino kwambiri kuumbika kwa amino acids ndi fungo labwino.
Kutalika komwe amamera: 800–1584 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Jīngāng Tái (1584 m) ndi nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri onse a Dabeshan.
Dothi: Dothi lofiira lonunkhira ngati mchere (微酸性红壤, wēi suānxìng hóng rǎng) lochokera ku miyala ya mapiri ophulika, pH 4.5–6.0, yokhala ndi organic matter ≥ 15 g/kg. Dothi limakhala lokhala ndi zinki ndi selenium. Madzi amaperekedwa ndi mitsinje ya kumapiri ndi akasupe, ndipo mtundu wa madzi ukwaniritsa muyeso wapamwamba kwambiri m’dziko.
Makhalidwe a kulima: Chivundikiro cha nkhalango ndi 89% — chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri achiwichi. Minda ya tiyi imamera moyandikana ndi malungwa (杜鹃, rhododendron), maluwa amthengo (兰草, maluwa a orchidi) ndi maluwa ena a kumapiri, zomwe zimaunikitsa mbali ya fungo la tiyi. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi makina ndi oletsa n’komwe; polimbana ndi tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito njira yachilengedwe yowunjirana ndi zikumbu (瓢虫, piáochóng) ndi tizilombo tina tothandiza.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Njira yopangira Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ndi zotsatira za kukonza mwadala njira zotengedwa m’miyambo ya Lóngjǐng ndi Xinyang Máojiān, ndipo imakhala ndi magawo angapo apadera, kuphatikiza kuumba katatu ndi kuuma kaŵiri kwa makala.

Kuziziritsa (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa pachithandara osyanjana kwa maola 3–4 kufikira chinyezi chitsalira pafupifupi 70%. Gawo limeneli limathandiza kuti zinthu zoyambitsa fungo ziyambe kuwoneka.
Kukhazikika “kupha chobiriŵira” (杀青, shāqīng): Kumachitika mu poto yopendekeka (斜锅, xié guō) pa 140–160 °C ndikusinthanitsa ukadaulo wa kugwedeza (抖, dǒu) ndi kuphimba (闷, mèn). Kuphatikizaku kumatsimikizira kuchotsa enzymes mofanana komanso kusunga mtundu wowonekera bwino wobiriŵira.
Kukazinga-kuumba I — “kukazinga mizera” (炒条, chǎotiáo): Pa 80 °C, zotsalira zomata zimachoka, ndipo tsamba limayamba kuumba.
Kuumba II — “kupitiriza mizera” (理条, lǐtiáo): Kuwongolera ndi manja kupangitsa kukhala koimira mosalala komanso kofanana.
Kuumba III — “kuwongolera komaliza” (整形, zhěngxíng): Kuwongolera komaliza ndi manja pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa (抓, zhuā) kugwira, (搭, dā) kuika, ndi (压, yā) kukanikiza. Ndi njira imeneyi “yautatu” ya kuumba (三次成形, sān cì chéngxíng) — kukazinga, kuongolera, kukonza, kuchitidwa mu mipoto itatu yosiyana — yomwe imapereka maonekedwe ake apadera athyathyathya, oongoka ndi okongola a masamba.
Kuuma koyamba kwa makala (初烘, chū hōng): Pa 80 °C pa makala oyaka. Moto wa makala umathandiza kupewa fungo la kupsya ndipo “umatseka” fungo la orchidi.
Kuuma kachiwiri kwa makala (复烘, fù hōng): Pa 50–60 °C kuti chinyezi chikhazikike komaliza ndi kulimbikitsa mbali ya fungo.
Kusanja ndi kunyenga (拣剔筛分, jiǎntī shāifēn): Kuchotsa pamanja zidutswa zosayenera ndi kuwakankhana malinga ndi kukula kwawo.

Mfundo ya “kutseka fungo ndi makala” (炭火锁香, tànhuǒ suǒ xiāng) — kugwiritsa ntchito makala oyaka pamagawo onse aŵiri a kuuma — ndi chinthu chapadera cha luso la Jīngāng Bì Lǜ, chomwe chimamusiyanitsa ndi tiyi wina wambiri wamakono wobiriŵira wouma ndi magetsi.

6. Makhalidwe Ooneka ndi Kukoma:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba athyathyathya, oongoka, okongola (扁直挺秀, biǎnzhí tǐngxiù), okhuthala ndi olimba, ndi ubweya woyera wowonekera bwino (显毫, xiǎn háo). Powoneka ngati Lóngjǐng, koma amasiyana ndi kunenchanso komanso kuchuluka kwa tinthu tobwebweta — “maonekedwe ngati Lóngjǐng, mzimu wake ngati Máojiān”.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Loyera, lapamwamba ndi lokhalitsa, ndi fungo loyamba la orchidi (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng).
Fungo la chimanga: Losanjikizana, lomwe limaonekera pa kuthira kosatulutsa kotsatizana: kuthira koyamba — fungo la orchidi (兰花香); kwachiwiri — fungo la mabedwa (嫩栗香, nèn lì xiāng); kwachitatu — lafunthiro lolemera, lodzaza (浓香, nóng xiāng); kwachinayi — loyera, lopepuka (清香, qīng xiāng). Fungo mu chikho chozizira limakhala kwa mphindi zoposa 5.
Kukoma: Lopatsa chidwi ndi lowala (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), lotsekemera-m’polesha (甘醇, gānchún). Mphamvu ya polyphenols (≥ 25%) imapereka kukhuthala kwakukulu m’kamwa ndi kumva kakoko pang’ono kotha msanga, komwe kumasanduka “kubwerera kotsekemera” (回甘, huígān) kowonekera ndi kokhalitsa. Masamba otsekemera omwe amasungunuka amapanga kulumikizana kosangalatsa. Kukoma kumakhala ndi magawo oonekera — mkhalidwe wachilendo kwambiri kwa tiyi wobiriŵira.
Mtundu wa chimanga: Wobiriŵira m’polesha, wowonekera poyera ndi wowala (嫩绿清亮, nèn lǜ qīngliàng).
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba othira): Masamba obiriŵira m’polesha, okhuthala, osalala, omwe amasonkhana ngati “timabokosi tating’ono” (匀整成朵, yúnzhěng chéng duǒ), zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zipangizozo ndi zabwino kwambiri ndiponso kuti zikugwiridwa mosamala.

7. Zopangira Zamagetsi:

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): 25–28% — chimodzi mwa miyeso yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wotchuka wobiriŵira ku China. Makamaka amapangidwa ndi ma catechin (EGCG, ECG ndi ena), omwe amapereka mphamvu yayikulu ya antioxidant.
Amino Acids (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Pafupifupi 4,9%, kuphatikizapo L-theanine. Kuchulukaku kumadza chifukwa cha malo a kumapiri omwe ali ndi kuwala kobalalika kochuluka ndi nkhungu.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — pafupifupi 3%, theobromine, theophylline.
Zotsungunuka m’madzi: Pamwamba, zomwe zikuwonetsa mbiri yolemera ya zotsungunula.
Fluoride (氟, fú): 10–15 mg/100 g — mlingo wapamwamba, womwe umathandiza thanzi la mano.
Mavitamini: C (mu zipangizo zatsopano), gulu la B, K, E.
Maminolo: Zinc, selenium, potassium, manganese, phosphorus ndi ma trace element ena, zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha miyala ya mapiri ophulika.
Mafuta onunkhira: Amapanga mbiri yapadera ya fungo la orchidi ndi mabedwa; kusonkhanako kumathandizidwa ndi kuyandikana kwa tchire la tiyi ndi maluwa a kumapiri.

8. Phindu Labwino:

Chitetezo champhamvu cha antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa polyphenols (25–28%) kumapereka kuthetsedwa kogwira mtima kwa ma free radicals ndi chitetezo cha maselo ku kupsinjika kwa okosijeni.
Kulimbikitsa thupi: Caffeine (3%) pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa L-theanine (4,9% amino acids) kumapereka kulimbikitsa kosalala, kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kumva kumveka bwino ndi kukhazikika maganizo — popanda kukwera modzidzimutsa.
Kuthandiza thanzi la mano ndi mafupa: Kuchuluka kwa fluoride (10–15 mg/100 g) kumathandiza m’njira yabwino kuthira mchere mu enamel ya mano.
Kuthandiza mu kayendedwe ka mafuta: Ma catechin amalepheretsa mwamphamvu kuyamwa ndi kupangika kwa mafuta, kuthandiza kusunga mlingo wathanzi wa cholesterol.
Kuthandiza chimbudzi: Tiyi amathandiza ntchito ya m’mimba akamwa pambuyo pa chakudya.
Kuthandiza maganizo: Kugwirizana kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumathandiza kukhazikika maganizo, kukumbukira ndi liŵiro la kuchitapo kanthu.
Kulimbikitsa zonse: Kukhalapo kwa mavitamini, maminolo ndi polyphenols ochitapo kanthu kumathandiza chitetezo cha thupi ndi mphamvu zonse.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Ndibwino kuwiritsa madzi ndi kuwalola kuzizira kwa pafupifupi masekondi 90. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi a mineral osalowera ndale kapena okhala ndi mchere wocheperako (madzi a alikali amasokoneza kukoma).
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml ya madzi (mulingo wa 1:50).
Ziwiya: Kapu ya galasi (玻璃杯, bōli bēi) — kuti muwone “kuvina kwa masamba a tiyi”; kapu ya porcelain yoyera ya gaiwan (白瓷盖碗, báicí gàiwǎn) — kuti mukhale ndi fungo lonse.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha.
2. Ikaninso tiyi.
3. Thirani madzi ku gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwake, gwedezani kapu kuti “mutsegule fungo” (摇香, yáo xiāng).
4. Onjezani madzi kufikira magawo asanu ndi aŵiri mwa magawo khumi.
5. Lekerani kuthira koyamba kwa mphindi 2–3.
6. Tiyi amalolera kubwereza kuthira katatu ndikuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yolekera.

10. Kusunga:

Paketi yosindikizira, yotetezedwa kwathunthu ku kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lina.
Kutentha koyenera: 0–5 °C (mufiriji). Musanatsegule, paketi izenera kukhala pa kutentha kwa chipinda mu thumba lotseka.
Nthawi yomwe tiyi angakhale abwino — miyezi 12 ngati asungidwa bwino. Akatsegulidwa, ndibwino kumwa tiyi mwamsanga momwe mungathere.
Adani a tiyi: chinyezi, kuwala kwa dzuwa, fungo lina, kutentha kwakukulu.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tiyi wokhala ndi polyphenols ochuluka si bwino kumwa nthawi yomweyo mutatha kudya (zinthu zotchedwa tannins zikhoza kumangiriza ma protein ndi kusokoneza chimbudzi); nthawi yabwino ndipafupifupi ola limodzi. Kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku koyenera ndi osapitirira 500 ml. Mukamamwa mankhwala a chitsulo ndi maantibayotiki, phatikizani ndi osachepera ola limodzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa magazi (anemia) oonekera bwino ayenera kusamala.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la mtengo: Gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (特级, tèjí) — mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi, 90% ya zomwe zikututidwa ndi mphukira — pafupifupi 550 yuan pa jin (500 g). Gulu loyamba — pafupifupi 350 yuan pa jin. Gulu lachiwiri — pafupifupi 260 yuan pa jin.
Zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo: Nyengo yotuta (koyambirira kwa mchaka ndikodula kwambiri), kutalika kwa malo okulirapo, grade ya zipangizo (mulingo wa mphukira), ntchito ya manja, kuuma kwa makala. Tiyi wochokera ku phiri la Jīngāng Tái ndiwodula kwambiri kuposa ofananitsidwa nawo ochokera ku madera athyathyathya chifukwa chakuvuta kufikako minda ndi kuchedwa kuphuka.
Mmene mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani tiyi wolembedwa chizindikiro cha malonda cha “金刚碧绿” kwa ogulitsa odalirika ochokera ku boma la Shangcheng.
- Yang’anani maonekedwe: Jīngāng Bì Lǜ weniweni ndi wathyathyathya, woongoka, wokongola, ndi ubweya woyera wowonekera. Zonyenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maonekedwe osagwirizana kapena ophiringizika.
- Onani fungo: tiyi weniweni amadziŵika ndi kuwululika kosanjikizana — kuyambira ku orchidi mpaka ku mabedwa.
- Onani chimanga: chizikhala choyera, chobiriŵira m’polesha, popanda chikungwe.
- Mtengo wotsika mokayikitsa pa gulu lapamwamba lotchulidwa ndi chizindikiro cha kusinthidwa ndi zipangizo zotsika mtengo zochokera m’madera athyathyathya.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Jīngāng Bì Lǜ anapangidwa ngati polojekiti yopangidwa mwadala ndi luso: katswiri Yáng Zhìdòng anapathera zaka zisanu (1984–1989) kupanga njira, pokonzekera kuphatikiza ulemerero wakumwera wa Lóngjǐng ndi mphamvu yakumpoto ya Máojiān. Zotsatira zake ndi tiyi omwe amanenedwa kuti: “maonekedwe ngati Lóngjǐng, mzimu ngati Máojiān” (外形神似龙井，内质兼具毛尖之神韵).
Phiri la Jīngāng Tái (1584 m) — silo nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri a Dabeshan basi, komanso ndi malo ofunika a mbiri yakale ya kusintha zinthu: pano pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni panali mabungwe a Asilikali Ofiira. Minda ya tiyi imakhala moyandikana ndi zikumbutso zakale.
“Zapamwamba zisanu ndi zitatu” (八最) za Jīngāng Bì Lǜ — ndi ndondomeko yotsatsa ndi chikhalidwe yomwe yakhazikika pa tiyi uyu: malo otalika kwambiri okulirapo, mtunda wakutali kwambiri kumpoto pakati pa tiyi wotchuka wobiriŵira wachigawochi, nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya kuphuka, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kuphika, zinthu zambiri zopatsa thanzi, kuchedwa kwambiri kutuluka pamsika, zizindikiro zoonekera bwino kwambiri, kukoma kotsitsimula kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (25–28%) — ndi chimodzi mwa zokwera kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wotchuka wobiriŵira ku China, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa malo a kumapiri ataliatali ndi cultivar yamakono ya “Osmanthus” ndi masamba ake okhuthala komanso olimba.
Minda ya tiyi ya Jīngāng Tái ili m’dera la chivundikiro chapamwamba kwambiri cha nkhalango (89%) ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana: tchire limamera chitaphatikizana ndi malungwa amthengo ndi orchidi za kumapiri, zomwe zimapanga “chimvumiramvumira” chapadera cha fungo.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena Obiriŵira:

Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Tiyi wobiriŵira wakale wotchuka wochokera ku mzinda womwewo wa Xinyang, ndipo ali m’gulu la tiyi khumi ochuka kwambiri ku China. Amasiyana ndi maonekedwe ake ataliatali angati singano okhala ndi ubweya wochuluka, fungo lonunkhira ngati mabedwa ndi kumva kwa umami kowonekera. Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ali ndi maonekedwe athyathyathya, osati ngati singano, fungo lovutavuta losanjikizana (lochokera ku orchidi mpaka ku mabedwa) ndi polyphenols ochuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa thupi lakuthwa ndi magawo oonekera a kukoma.
Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Tiyi wamkulu wathyathyathya wobiriŵira wochokera ku Zhejiang. Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ali wofanana mu maonekedwe athyathyathya, koma amasiyana ndi kukhala okhuthala, ubweya woyera wowonekera (Lóngjǐng alibe ubweya), fungo losanjikizana la orchidi ndi mabedwa (poziyerekeza ndi fungo la “nyemba” la Lóngjǐng) ndi polyphenols ochuluka kwambiri.
Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片, Liù’ān Guāpiàn): Tiyi wotchuka wobiriŵira wochokera ku chigawo choyandikana cha Anhui, womwe umameranso m’mapiri a Dabeshan, koma mbali ina. Amasiyana ndi njira yake yapadera ya masamba osaphatikizana ndi mphukira, maonekedwe athyathyathya ngati “njere” ndi kukoma kolemera komanso kolemera. Jīngāng Bì Lǜ, pa tsankho lake, amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira ndi masamba ang’onong’ono, ndipo ali ndi kukoma kotsitsimula komanso kuŵala ndi fungo la orchidi.
Taiping Hou Kui (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Tiyi wobiriŵira wa Anhui wa masamba akulu ooneka athyathyathya. Ndi wamkulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi Jīngāng Bì Lǜ m’kukula kwa masamba, ndi mbiri yosiyana ya fungo (fungo la orchidi liripo, koma ndi “maziko a mchere”). Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ndi wang’ono, wokhuthala komanso wokhala ndi polyphenols ochuluka kwambiri.

Pamapeto:

Jīngāng Bì Lǜ ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe kusaka kwa luso mkati mwa mwambo wa tiyi kungabwereke chinthu chapadera kwenikweni. Wobadwa m’mphepete mwa nsonga yaitali kwambiri ya Dabeshan, wozungulidwa ndi malungwa ndi orchidi za kumapiri, wouma ndi makala oyaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kuumba katatu”, tiyi uyu amapereka kuphatikiza kosowa kwa maonekedwe athyathyathya achisomo, fungo losanjikizana — kuchokera ku orchidi mpaka ku mabedwa — ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya polyphenols yomwe imapereka kukoma kwakuya ndi magawo oonekera. Jīngāng Bì Lǜ adzakhala woyeneradi kwa okonda tiyi wobiriŵira omwe akufuna china chake choposa muyezo wakale: tiyi wokhala ndi umunthu, mbiri, ndi mzimu weniweni wa kumapiri a Dabeshan.