Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān · new.thetea.app

Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān ndi tiyi wofiira wochokera ku banja la tiyi otchuka a Jietān (碣滩茶, Jiétān chá), amene amapangidwa m’chigawo cha Yuanling (沅陵县, Yuánlíng Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Hunan. Jietān poyamba anali tiyi wobiriwira wodziwika bwino, woperekeka kwa nyumba ya mfumu kuyambira nthawi ya mafumu a Tang, koma chifukwa cha kutukuka kwa mafakitale a tiyi m’derali, anapanganso mtundu wofiira wotchedwa ‘Jietān Hong’ (碣滩红). Umene umagwirizanitsa malo omwe akhala akulimidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri a ku Wuling ndi ukadaulo wachikale waku Hunan wa Hú Hóng Gōngfū (湖红工夫) ndi kukonzanso kwamasiku ano, ndipo umavumbula kukoma kwa masamba a m’mapiri m’njira yosiyana kwambiri — yamaluwa, zipatso ndi yotsekemera ngati uchi.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira waku China (红茶, hóngchá), wokwanira oxidation.
Gulu: Ndi tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa chigawo cha Hunan (湖红工夫, Hú Hóng Gōngfū). Ndi gawo la mtundu wa malonda a ‘Tiyi wa Jietān’ (碣滩茶, Jiétān chá), omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha Geographical Indication. Tiyi wa Jietān ndi dzina lalikulu lomwe limaphatikiza tiyi wobiriwira, wofiira ndi wakuda (hei).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南省, Húnán Shěng), mzinda wa Huaihua (怀化市, Huáihuà Shì), chigawo cha Yuanling (沅陵县). Malo akuluakulu opangira tiyi ali m’mapiri a Wuling (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān) ndi Xuefeng (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), mmbali mwa mitsinje ya Yuanshui (沅水) ndi Youshui (酉水). Dzina ‘Jietān’ limachokera ku phiri la Jietān Shan (碣滩山) kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa Yuanshui—maziko akale a kupanga tiyi. Chijeremani 碣 (jié) chimatanthauza ‘chokumbukira cha mwala,’ ndipo 滩 (tān)—‘mphepete mwa mtsinje,’ ‘malo osaya’: dzinali limafotokozera miyala yomwe ili pakati pa madzi amphamvu, ngati zipilala za mwala.
Makonzedwe a malo: pafupifupi 28°27′ N, 110°24′ E (dera la phiri la Jietān Shan); minda ya tiyi m’chigawochi ili pa latitude pafupifupi 28° N—omwe amati ‘mkaka wa golide’ wapadziko lonse wa kupanga tiyi wabwino wobiriwira ndi wofiira.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake:

Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi ku Yuanling uli ndi mbiri yolembedwa yopitilira zaka 1,800. Buku la West Jin ‘Jingzhou tudi ji’ (《荆州土地记》, m’zaka za m’ma 200-300) linanena kuti: “Zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri za Wuling zimapanga tiyi, ndipo ndiye wabwino kwambiri.” Yuanling inali m’gulu la zigawo zisanu ndi ziwirizo. Wolemba waku East Jin, Pei Yuan (裴渊), m’buku la ‘Kun yuan lu’ (《坤元录》), anatchula phiri la Wushé Shān (无射山) monga malo “okhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya tiyi”; phirili lili m’chigawo cha Yuanling, ndipo mu 2016 linapatsidwa mawonekedwe a “Phiri la Mbiri la Tiyi la China” (中国茶文化历史名山) ndi bungwe la China Tea Circulation Association. Katswiri wodziwika wa tiyi, Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), m’buku lake ‘Chá Jīng’ (《茶经》, m’ma 760), anatchulanso phiri lomwelo la Wushé. Malinga ndi nthano, cha m’ma 710 CE, mfumukazi wa mfumu Ruizong (睿宗, Ruìzōng), dzina lake Hu Fengjiao (胡凤娇), yemwe anali mbadwa ya Yuanling, anabweretsa tiyi wa m’derali ku nyumba ya mfumu; mfumu inalamula kuti akamupatse chaka chilichonse monga tiyi wa msonkho wotchedwa gongcha (贡茶). Tiyi wa Jietān unapitiriza kukhala chopereka kwa nyumba ya mfumu m’nthaŵi za mafumu a Song, Yuan, Ming ndi Qing. M’nthawi ya Ming, tiyi ankatchedwa ‘Chenzhou Jietān cha’ (辰州碣滩茶). M’nthawi ya Republic (m’ma 1930), chigawochi chinali chimodzi mwa omwe amapanga kwambiri tiyi ku Hunan: 3.13 万亩 (pafupifupi mahekitala 2,100) a minda, ndi zoposa matani 500 pachaka; tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira ankatumizidwa kunja kudzera pa malo osungira m’mtsinje wa Yangtze. Nkhondo ndi mavuto amene anabwera pambuyo pake zinayambitsa kuchepa; pofika m’ma 1970, minda inali itasiidwa. Mu 1972, nduna yaikulu ya Japan, Tanaka Kakuei, pa ulendo wake ku China, anatchula tiyi wodziwika wa Jietān pokambirana ndi Zhou Enlai, ndipo anautcha ‘tiyi wa ubwenzi wa China ndi Japan’ (中日友好之茶). Izi zinadzutsa chidwi chatsopano: minda inakonzedwanso, ndipo mu 1982 kupanga tiyi kunayambiranso. Mu 2010, pa chiwonetsero cha tiyi cha mayiko onse ku Shanghai, tiyi wa Jietān analandira mphoto ya pamwamba kwambiri—‘Mphoto Yapadera ya Golide’ (特别金奖) mwa mitundu 1,600. Pa 28 March 2011, ofesi ya General Administration of Quality Supervision (国家质检总局) inapatsa tiyi wa Jietān mawonekedwe a Geographical Indication (地理标志产品). Mtundu wa ‘Jietān Hong’ (碣滩红茶) unapangidwa pambuyo pake—monga gawo la njira yokulitsa mtundu wa malonda pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachikale wa Hú Hóng Gōngfū ndi njira yabwino ya kupanga tiyi wofiira. Pofika m’chaka cha 2023, minda ya tiyi m’chigawochi inalikula kufika pafupifupi 18,3 万亩 (mahekitala 12,200), ndipo chaka chilichonse amapanga matani 15,000, mtengo wake wonse pafupifupi 23 biliyoni ya yuan; mabizinezi oposa 120 a tiyi analembetsedwa.
Dzina: 碣 (jié) ndi ‘chokumbukira cha mwala’ (chithunzi cha thanthwe loima); 滩 (tān) ndi ‘mtsinje wothamanga, malo osaya’; pamodzi, ‘Jietān’ akufotokozera malo odziwika a mtsinje wa Yuanshui pafupi ndi phiri la Jietān Shan—mtsinje wosakaniza miyala ngati zipilala za mwala. 红茶 (hóngchá) ndi ‘tiyi wofiira.’ Choncho, ‘Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān’ ndi ‘tiyi wofiira wochokera pa Mwala wa Mtsinje wothamanga.’
Kufunika kwake: Tiyi wa Jietān ndi umodzi mwa tiyi akale kwambiri a ku Hunan, womwe unalembedwa kangapo m’ndandanda wa ‘Mitundu Yodziwika ya Tiyi ya China’ (中国名茶). Ku Yuanling kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mayina a Qu Yuan, Liu Yuxi, Li Bo, Wang Changling, Wang Yangming, ndi Shen Congwen—iwo onse, malinga ndi nthano, ankamwa tiyi wa m’derali. Shen Congwen anatcha Yuanling ‘kwawo kwachiwiri’ ndipo analemba kuti “kukongola kwa Yuanling ndiye kukongola komwe kumafupikitsa mtima.” Tiyi wa Jietān waphatikizidwa mu chiwonetsero cha ‘Zhongguo ming cha lu’ (《中国名茶录》—‘Buku Lotchuka la Tiyi wa China’). Yuanling wamakono akulimbikitsa ulendo wopanga tiyi m’chigawochi, ndipo amalumikiza minda ya tiyi, linga la mbiri ya nkhondo ya Chenglongguan (辰龙关), ndi njira yakale ya karavani ya Tea Horse Road (茶马古道).

3. Kufotokoza Kwazomera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu / Mtundu wa zomera: Zopangira Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān zimachokera ku mitundu yabwino (良种, liángzhǒng) ya zitsamba za tiyi Camellia sinensis, zomwe zasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi malo a ku Wuling. Chiŵerengero cha mitundu yosinthidwa m’chigawochi ndi yoposa 80%. Zitsamba za tiyi ndi za gulu la Yunnan-Guizhou (云贵茶叶组系), ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa amino acid, caffeine, ndi mafuta onunkhira. Amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamagulu ang’onoang’ono (var. sinensis) komanso yamagulu apakati.
Kukolola: Kwa tiyi wofiira, nthawi yabwino yokolola ndi isanakwane Qingming (清明, kumayambiriro kwa April) ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika; mphukira zazing’ono ndi masamba apamwamba ali ndi zonunkhira zambiri.
Mulingo wa kukolola: Mphukira imodzi + masamba 1–2 achichepere (嫩鲜叶, nèn xiānyè); kwa mitundu yapamwamba, mphukira zosalimba, zofanana ndi kutsekula kochepa kwa masamba.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Masamba omwe angokololedwe ayenera kukhala athunthu, opanda kuwonongeka; kutumiza ku fakitale kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Kutalika kwa malo: Minda yayikulu ili pa 400–600 m, malo ena afika 800–1,000 m. Munda wakale waukulu wa tiyi pa phiri la Jietān Shan uli pamtunda wa pafupifupi 100–200 m pamwamba pa nyanja, pamwamba pa mtsinje wa Yuanshui.
Nyengo: Nyengo yotentha ndi yamvula, ya chinyezi. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 16.6 °C; mvula ya pachaka ndi 1,441 mm; nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 272. Dziwe la Wǔqiángxī (五强溪水库), lopangidwa ndi malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi a madzi, limapanga mikhalidwe yapadera ya nyengo yokhudzana ndi dziweli (库区小气候): chinyezi chochuluka, chifunga chambiri, ndi kusintha kochepa kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku. Mwambi wam’derali umati: “Pakati pa nthawi yotentha, kuno kumakhala kozizira ngati nthawi ya masika; mitambo ndi chifunga zimayenda ngati mafunde chaka chonse” (三伏暑天如寒秋，四季云雾泛浪头). Izi zimathandiza masamba kuti akumane ndi amino acid, caffeine, ndi mafuta onunkhira.
Dothi: Dothi lofiira (红壤), lachikasu (黄壤), ndi dothi lapadera lofiirira la mchenga ndi dongo (紫色岩土, zǐsè yántǔ)—mtundu wosowa ku China, womwe ku Yuanling uli ndi malo okwana makilomita mazana angapo. Dothilo limakhala ndi pH wa 4.5–5.5, organic matter ≥ 2%, makulidwe a dothi ≥ 60 cm. Dothi lofiirira lili ndi michere yochuluka.
Chilengedwe: Chigawochi chili ndi nkhalango zokwanira 76.19%. Mapiri a Wuling ndi Xuefeng amakumana ku Yuanling, kumapanga mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo. Mitsinje ya Yuanshui ndi Youshui—njira zakale za ‘njira ya silika- ndi tiyi ya panyanja’ (海上丝绸茶路)—imadutsa chigawocho, kusunga chinyezi champweya yoyenera kwa zitsamba za tiyi. Minda ya tiyi ndi yoyera: chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwa zomera, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya m’dothi komanso kusapezeka kwa kuipitsidwa ndi mafakitale, matenda a zitsamba za tiyi ndi osowa, palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena feteleza wopangidwa ndi mchere. Yuanling ali m’gulu la ‘Zigawo Zisanu Zokhala ndi Tiyi Zachilengedwe zaku China’ (全国十大生态产茶县).

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wabwino wa Hú Hóng Gōngfū (湖红工夫, tiyi wofiira wa ku Hunan wopangidwa mwaluso), ndipo amayang’ana kwambiri fermentation yosamala yomwe imavumbula mphamvu ya zonunkhira za zopangira zochokera kumapiri.

Kukolola (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Mphukira imodzi + masamba 1–2, kukolola ndi manja kapena makina m’maŵa, makamaka panyengo yopanda mvula.
Kufota (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanjikiza pa mbiya za nsungwi kapena pamakonde apadera; kutalika ndi mphamvu ya kufota kumayendetsedwa malinga ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha. Chizindikiro: masamba amasiya kukhala okhuthala, amafewa ndikukhala osalala, ndipo chinyezi chimachepa.
Kupotokola (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kupotokola ndi makina kapena ndi manja kuti avulaze mpanda wa selo ndikulola madzi akutuluke pamwamba. Amapangidwa mwapotokola molimba, mwafupifupi (条索紧细, tiáosuǒ jǐnxì).
Fermentation (发酵 — fājiào): Gawo lalikulu lomwe limatsimikizira mawonekedwe a ‘Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān.’ Masamba opotokola amaikidwa m’malo omwe kutentha ndi chinyezi zimayendetsedwa (22–28 °C, chinyezi 90–95 %) kwa maola 4–6. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ndondomekoyi kuli mu kuchuluka kwa fermentation yomwe yayesedwa bwino, kumene kumalola kusunga maluwa omwe amadziwika ndi zopangira za ku Yuanling zamapiri. Chizindikiro: masamba amasandukira kukhala ofiira ngati mkuwa, ndipo fungo labwino la zipatso limamveka.
Kuyanika / Kutentha (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Magawo awiri: kuyanika koyamba (烘焙) kumaletsa fermentation, kenako kuyanika kachiwiri (复干, fùgān) pa kutentha kochepa, kumakhazikitsa fungo ndikutsitsa chinyezi kufika pamulingo wotetezeka posunga.
Kusanja (分级 — fēnjí): Kuyanjanitsa kukula, kuchotsa zina zolimba komanso masamba omwe sali oyenerera.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mwapotokola mwafupipfupi, molimba (条索紧细); mtundu wake ndi wakuda, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (色泽乌润, sèzé wūrùn); wofanana kwambiri.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Maluwa atsopano ndi zipatso zophatikizana ndi uchi ndi fungo lopepuka la mkate; chimadziwika ndi kuyera ndi kuwonekera kwa fungo—popanda zina zolemera kapena zopanikizira.
Fungo la tiyi: Lowala, lamitundumitundu: maluwa (orchid, ndwi), zipatso (pichesi, apricot), uchi; fungo limafotokozedwa ngati ‘芬芳鲜爽’ (fēnfāng xiānshuǎng—‘lonunkhira bwino ndi latsopano’). Fungo limakhala lolimba: limamveka bwino ngakhale mutali ndi kapu.
Kukoma: Kolemera (醇厚, chúnhòu), kotsekemera (甘甜, gāntián), ndi zipatso zofewa ndi kukoma pang’ono. Kukoma komwe kumatsala pambuyo pake kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera ngati uchi (回甘). Kusowa kwa kukoma kowawa komanso kokulinya ndi chizindikiro chodziwika, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa amino acid m’masamba.
Mtundu wa tiyi: Wofiira kwambiri, woyera, wowala (汤色红亮, tāngsè hóngliàng); mitundu yapamwamba imakhala ndi mzere wagolide.
Zotsalira za masamba (masamba ataphikidwa): Ofewa, ofiira ngati mkuwa, opakidwa utoto wofanana (叶底细嫩红亮, yèdǐ xìnèn hóngliàng); masamba athunthu, otseguka bwino.

7. Zinthu Zamkati mwa Masamba:

Ma polyphenol: Kuchuluka konse kwa ma polyphenol ndi kochepa (kotsika poyerekeza ndi tiyi wofiira wa m’zigwa), ndikumayang’ana kwambiri theaflavin (TF) ndi thearubigin (TR), zomwe zimapereka mtundu wofiira woyera ndi kumva kosalala. Kuchuluka kwa TF ku TR kumatsimikizira ‘kukhala ndi moyo’ ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa tiyi.
Ma amino acid: Kuchuluka kwa L-theanine (chifukwa cha nyengo ya chifunga yamapiri ndi dothi lofiirira). Theanine ndi imene imapereka kukoma kwake kotsekemera kwa tiyi wa Jietān kopanda shuga, ndi mkhalidwe wofewa, ngati velvety.
Ma alkaloid: Caffeine (2–4% ya kulemera kwouma), theobromine, theophylline. Kugwirizana ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yochepetsera kutopa mofewa.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C (imatsala pang’ono pokupangako kuyanika kawiri kosamala), mavitamini a B, vitamini K.
Michere: Zinki, manganese, selenium, potaziyamu, chitsulo—zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa michere ya dothi lofiirira.
Mafuta onunkhira ndi zinthu zosakhazikika: Linalool, geraniol, nerolidol, β-ionone—amapanga fungo labwino la maluwa ndi zipatso. Chodziwika pa zopangira za Jietān ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta onunkhira, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi ‘fungo lakutali’ (远香): mkhalidwe umene fungo limakhala lomveka bwino patali ndi kapu.

8. Phindu la Thupi:

Imafatsa mphamvu mofewa, imathandiza kukhala tcheru komanso kugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kugwirizanira kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine.
Imakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant: theaflavin ndi ma catechin otsala amamanga ma free radical.
Imatenthetsa thupi ndikuthandizira m’mimba kugwira ntchito bwino; tiyi wofiira amagwira nchito mofewa pa m’mimba (暖胃).
Imathandizira thanzi la mtima ndi mitsempha: ma polyphenol a tiyi wofiira amathandiza kuti mitsempha ikhale yotanuka.
Imalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha mavitamini ndi michere (makamaka zinki ndi selenium).
Imathandizira kuchotsa kutopa ndikupumula pambuyo pa kugwira ntchito yamaganizo.
Imapeleka mpumulo wofewa—fungo labwino la maluwa ndi L-theanine zimathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa.
Imakhala ndi fluoride ndi ma polyphenol omwe amathandiza pa thanzi la mkamwa: kulimbitsa mano ndikuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa m’khola.
Kuchuluka kwa manganese kumathandizira kuti mafupa azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso kumakhudza kusakanikirana kwa wanga.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C kwa mapangidwe wamba; 85–90 °C kwa mitundu yaying’ono ya mphukira.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Magalamu 4–5 pa 100–120 ml (gongfu); magalamu 2–3 pa 200–250 ml (kutengera mu kapu).
Chida: Gaiwan woyera wa porcelain (盖碗) wa 100–120 ml ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosonyezera fungo la maluwa; teapot ya porcelain; teapot yagalasi (kuti musangalale ndi mtundu wa tiyi).
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan kapena teapot ndi madzi otentha.
2. Ikani tiyi, tsekani chivindikiro kwa masekondi 3–5—pumirani fungo lowuma.
3. Kutsuka (ngati mukufuna): tsanulirani madzi mwachangu kwa masekondi 1–2, tsanulani.
4. Infusion yoyamba: masekondi 5–8; sangalalani ndi mawonekedwe owala a maluwa.
5. Yachiwiri ndi yotsatira: wonjezani nthawi ndi masekondi 3–5.
6. Chiwerengero cha ma infusion: 6–8 (mitundu yamapiri ikhoza kufika 10). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyang’ana kusintha kwa fungo: kuchokera ku maluwa kupita ku zipatso, kenako ku uchi. Mukaphikira m’njira ya ku Ulaya (Western style)—magalamu 3–4 pa 300 ml, kuviritsa kwa mphindi 3–4; njira imeneyi imavumbula bwino mbali ya zipatso.

10. Kusunga:

Sungani mu chidebe chosadutsa kuwala, mopanda mpweya, pamalo ozizira owuma (10–25 °C), kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zofunkha zina. Nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito ndi miyezi 12–18 ya mapangidwe oyera a masika komanso kufika miyezi 24 ya olimba. Kusunga mufiriji sikofunikira. Mosiyana ndi Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Jietān, mtundu wofiira ndi wokhazikika pakusungidwa, koma sukufunika kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

11. Mtengo ndi Zinthu Zobisika:

Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān ali m’gulu la mitengo yapakati pakati pa tiyi wofiira wa ku Hunan. Mtengo wake umadalira mulingo (kuchuluka kwa mphukira), kutalika kwa malo akulimidwa, nthawi yokolola (kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi okwera mtengo) komanso kukhalapo kwa chikalata cha ‘Tiyi wa Jietān’ chokhala ndi Geographical Indication. Katunduyu amagulitsidwa kudzera pa malo ogulitsira oposa 300 m’dziko lonse la China, komanso kudzera pa malo ochezera pa intaneti.

Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
1. Gulani zinthu zolembedwa ‘碣滩茶’ ndi chizindikiro cha Geographical Indication (地理标志产品), choperekedwa ndi General Administration of Quality (国家质检总局).
2. Yang’anani maonekedwe: Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān weniweni amadziwika ndi kupotokola kofupifupi, kolimba, konyezimira ngati mafuta ndikuwoneka kofanana.
3. Fungo liyenera kukhala loyera, la maluwa ndi zipatso, popanda mafuta oipa kapena owotcha.
4. Tiyi iyenera kukhala yoyera, yofiira kwambiri; madzi amtambo kapena ofiira kwambiri akusonyeza kuti ndondomeko inasokonekeredwa kapena kuti ndi yonyenga.
5. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri kwa malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha GI ndi chifukwa chokayikira zenizeni zake.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Tiyi wa Jietān ndi ‘tiyi wa ubwenzi wa China ndi Japan’: ndi momwe anamutchulira nduna yaikulu ya Japan, Tanaka Kakuei, mu 1972. Mbiri ya dzinali ikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti nthawi ya mafumu a Tang, njira yopangira Tiyi wa Jietān idatengedwa kupita ku Japan ndi India kudzera mwa akazembe.
Malinga ndi nthano yokongola ya ku Hunan, mfumukazi wa mfumu Ruizong, Hu Fengjiao (胡凤娇), anali mbadwa ya Yuanling. Pobwerera ku nyumba ya mfumu, anaima pafupi ndi phiri la Jietān, analawa tiyi wa m’derali—ndipo anasangalala kwambiri kwakuti anabweretsa ku likulu. Mfumu inalamula kuti chaka chilichonse aperekedwe tiyiyu ku nyumba ya mfumu. Lero, dzina la Fengjiao likutchulidwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mabulidingwe akuluakulu a tiyi m’chigawochi (凤娇碣滩茶场).
Katswiri wafilosofi, Wang Yangming (王阳明, 1472–1529), anaphunzitsa ku monastri ya Longxing (龙兴讲寺) ku Yuanling, ndipo malinga ndi zolemba za m’derali, anaphika tiyi wopatsidwa ndi ophunzira ake—analidi Tiyi wa Jietān.
Chinthu chapadera cha Tiyi wa Jietān ndi chodabwitsa cha ‘fungo lakutali’ (远香): munthu wokhala pafupi ndi kapu samva fungo molimba monga amene ali pamtunda wa masitepe angapo. Mbali imeneyi ikufotokozedwa ndi: “woyandikira—aledzera ndipo samva fungo; wakutali—alakalaka ndipo amapeza kawiri” (近者因醉而不闻其香，远者因渴倒倍觉芬芳).
Mu 2016, phiri la Wushé Shān (无射山) ku Yuanling—lomwe limatchulidwa mu ‘Chá Jīng’ ya Lu Yu—linapatsidwa udindo wa “Phiri la Mbiri la Tiyi la China” ndi China Tea Circulation Association ndi International Tea Culture Research Society.
Yuanling ndi chigawo chachikulu kwambiri ku Hunan. Kutalika kwake n’kofanana ndi dziko laling’ono la ku Ulaya, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale a tiyi ndi oposa 120,000—pafupifupi “dziko la tiyi” mkati mwa chigawo.
Mu 1991, pa Intaneti ya International Tea Culture Festival ku Hangzhou, Tiyi wa Jietān unadziwika monga “International Cultural Tea” (国际文化名茶) ndipo unalandira mendulo ya golide. M’zaka zotsatira, unapambana mphoto za golide pa Mpikisano Wachiwiri ndi Wachitatu wa Mitundu Yodziwika Padziko Lonse (2001, 2002).

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:

Hú Hóng Gōngfū (湖红工夫, Húhóng Gōngfū): Dzina lachikhalidwe la tiyi wofiira wa gongfu waku Hunan, omwe kale amapangidwa m’madera a Anhua, Taoyuan, Linxiang, ndi ena. Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān ndi mtundu wapadera wa Hú Hóng Gōngfū, womwe umadziwika ndi fungo labwino la maluwa ndi mkhalidwe wofewa, wopanda ‘utsi’ pang’ono, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha malo ake apadera (dothi lofiirira, nyengo ya dziwe).
Junshan Yinzhen Hongcha (君山银针红茶): Mtundu wofiira wa tiyi wodziwika bwino wachikasu wochokera ku Nyanja ya Dongting. Uli ndi kukoma kotsekemera kwambiri komanso ngati uchi, pamene Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān ndi wolemera kwambiri, wokhala ndi maluwa owonetsetsa.
Qimen Hongcha (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Mtundu woyambirira wa gongfu hongcha waku Anhui, ndi fungo lake lodziwika la ‘Qimen’ (祁门香)—maluwa ovuta a orchid ndi zipatso zouma. Poyerekeza ndi Qimen, Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān uli ndi fungo latsopano, lotseguka kwambiri, ndi kukoma kwa zipatso kowala, komanso kulibe kukoma kwa zipatso zouma.
Tiyi Wobiriwira wa Jietān (碣滩绿茶, Jiétān Lǜchá): Mtundu wobiriwira wa mtundu womwewo wa malonda—tiyi wobiriwira wopota ndi fungo lake lachikasu ndi kukoma kotsekemera. Mitundu yonse iwiri imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zomwezo zochokera ku mapiri a Wuling, koma ndondomeko ya oxidation yokwanira imasintha kwambiri mkhalidwe wake: mtundu wobiriwira ndi watsopano, wothinana, wa udzu ndi chikasu; wofiira ndi wotentha, maluwa-uchi, ndi velvety.

Pomaliza:

Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān ndi tiyi wobadwira pamalo amene mapiri awiri akuluakulu ndi mitsinje iwiri amakumana, m’dera la dothi lofiirira ndi nthawi zonse ya chifunga. Iye wanyamula cholowa cha zaka chikwi cha tiyi wa Yuanling, koma choonedweranso mosiyana kudzera m’mwambo wa tiyi wofiira waku Hunan. Kukongola kwake kwa maluwa, kukoma kotsekemera ngati uchi, ndi mkhalidwe wake wosavuta kumapangitsa kukhala wokopa kwa onse amene amakonda tiyi woffiira wa gongfu wachikale, komanso okonda mitundu yapafupi, yofiira yonunkhira bwino. Yesani Tiyi Wofiira wa Jietān limodzi ndi “mbale” wake wobiriwira—ndipo mudzaona momwe zopangira zomwezo zochokera kumapiri zimavumbukira m’njira ziwiri zosiyana koma zokongola mofanana. Ndipo ngati mungadzapezeke ku Yuanling—onetsetsani kuti mupite ku chisumbu cha tiyi pa mtsinje wa Yuanshui, kumene mungadutse njira yonse kuchokera ku masamba atsopano kufika ku kapu yomalizidwa ndi manja anu, ndikumvetsa chifukwa chake tiyiyu sikusiya magome a tiyi a dziko la China kwa zaka zosachepera zana ndi makumi anayi.