Huòshān Huáng Dà Chá · new.thetea.app

Huòshān Huáng Dà Chá (霍山黄大茶, Huòshān huáng dà chá) — ndi tiyi wachikasu wamasamba akulu ochokera ku mapiri a Dabie, woimirira kwambiri gulu lawo monga wamba ndi “wosakhala waulemu” koposa ena onse, ndipo mu kusakhala ulemu uku muli mphamvu yake yeniyeni. Ngati Huòshān Huáng Yá ndi “lilime la mpheta” la bwanamkubwa, ndiye Huáng Dà Chá ndi “ndowe ya nsomba” ya anthu wamba: tsamba lake ndi lalikulu — lingakulunge mchere, nthambi yake ndi yayitali — ingagwiritse ntchito ngati chogwirizira bwato (叶大能包盐，梗长能撑船). Uyu ndi tiyi wa mtundu wa mkuwa wakale (古铜色) wokhala ndi fungo lapamwamba lokazinga (高火香), lofanana ndi khungu la mpunga wopsereza pansi pa mbiya (锅巴香, gōu bā xiāng), — tiyi amene kwa zaka mazana ambiri amamwa ndi ogwira ntchito m’migodi ndi alimi a ku Shanxi ndi Shaanxi chifukwa chothandiza kugaya chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amene anafotokozedwa ndi wolemba wa m’nthawi ya Ming, Xú Cìshū, mu “Zolemba za Tiyi” (《茶疏》, 1597). Huáng Dà Chá ndi tiyi wachikasu yekhayo amene amapangidwa mwadala ndi zopangira zankhanza (一芽四五叶, mphukira yokhala ndi masamba anayi kapena asanu), ndipo ukadaulo wake umaphatikizapo kuwotcha kwa mlungu wathunthu (kutundumula, 堆积) ndi kumaliza ndi “kutambasula kwa moto wakale” (拉老火) pa kutentha kwa 130–150°C — kutentha kopambana kwa tiyi wachikasu kumene kumamanga khalidwe lake losayanjanika la “mkate”.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wachikasu (黄茶, huángchá), wochulukira pang’ono. Ali m’gulu laling’ono la “tiyi wachikasu wamasamba akulu” (黄大茶, huáng dà chá) — wankhanza koposa m’magulu atatu a tiyi wachikasu.
Gulu: Amatchedwanso “Wǎnxi Huáng Dà Chá” (皖西黄大茶, “Tiyi Wachikasu Wamasamba Akulu waku Kumadzulo kwa Anhui”). Ndi tiyi wachikhalidwe wachigawo, wotchulidwa m’zolemba za nthawi ya Ming. Ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2010). 2020 — analowetsedwa mu Ndondomeko Yadziko la Zinthu Zabwino Zachigawo (全国名特优新农产品名录).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽), maboma a Huòshān (霍山县), Jīnzhài (金寨县), Lù’ān (六安), Yuèxī (岳西) ndi madera oyandikira. Ankapangidwanso m’mbuyo m’madera oyandikira a Hubei (Yīngshān) ndi Henan (Shāngchéng, Gùshǐ). Malo apakati ndi ofanana ndi a Huòshān Huáng Yá: Dàhuàpíng (大化坪镇), Mànshuǐhé (漫水河镇), komanso Yànzǐhé (燕子河) ku Jīnzhài. Kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Píhé pamwamba pa damu la Fózǐlǐng — ndiye dera la mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.
Magwiridwe a malo: Pafupifupi 31° kumpoto kwa equator, 116° kummawa kwa Greenwich (pakati pa dera — Huòshān).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri:
- Ming (明, 1368–1644 AD) — kulengedwa ndi kufotokozedwa koyamba: Huáng Dà Chá ndi chinthu cha nthawi ya Ming, chobadwa nthawi imodzi ndi kusintha kuchoka pa kutenthetsa ndi nthunzi kupita ku kukazinga. Xú Cìshū (许次纾) mu “Zolemba za Tiyi” (《茶疏》, 1597) anapereka chifotokozo chatsatanitsatane chomwe chimagwirizana modabwitsa ndi ukadaulo wamakono: “Kumpoto kwa Mtsinje Wamkulu, ku Huòshān kumene tiyi amapangidwa mochuluka koposa, ndipo mbiri yake imafikira ngakhale kummwera. Anthu ochokera ku Shanxi ndi Shaanxi onse amamwa iwo. Kummwera amati amachotsa mafuta ndi kuthetsa kusayenda kwa chakudya, ndipo amamukondanso kwambiri. Koma m’mapiri amenewo sadziwa kuwukonza bwino: molunjika m’mbiya yophikira pa nkhuni zazikulu amawukazinga ndi kuwumitsa, osawutulutsa m’mbiya — wawotcha kale. Kuwonjezera apo, amapanga madengu akulu a nsungwi ndi kuyika tiyi wotentha nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ngakhale pali mphukira zobiriwira ndi zofiira, nthawi yomweyo amachikasu ndi kufota”. Xú Cìshū, wokometsetsa wakummwera, amatsutsa ukadaulo wankhanza — koma ndendende “kuwotcha kopambana” (焦) ndi “kuchikasu chifukwa cha kuyika kotentha” (萎黄) ndizo maziko a Huáng Dà Chá: fungo lokazinga ndi ménhuáng mu njira imodzi.
- Qing (清, 1644–1911 AD) — kaundula wa nyumba yachifumu: “Kope la Boma la Huòshān” (《霍山县志》, 1776) limatchula matcha am’deralo malinga ndi ubwino: “Wapamwamba — Yín Zhēn [singano zasiliva], kenako — Qūe Shé [malilime a mpheta], pambuyo pake — Méihuā Piàn [tizidutswa ta chitumbuwa], Báilánhuā Tóu — Sōngluó…” — Huáng Dà Chá sanatchulidwe pakati pa “abwino kwambiri”, koma ndiye amene ankapereka kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa malonda a tiyi wa Huòshān opita kumpoto.
- Nthawi yamakono: Katswiri wa tiyi Wáng Zénóng (王泽农) ndi katswiri wamkulu wa maphunziro a tiyi Chén Chuán (陈椽) anathandizira polemba ndi kubwezeretsa ukadaulo. Chén Chuán mu “Buku Lopatulika la Tiyi wa Anhui” (《安徽茶经》) anatsimikizira: “Pakati pa Huáng Dà Chá, wodziwika kwambiri ndi wochuluka kwambiri ndi wa ku Huòshān”. Pofika zaka za zana la 21, Huáng Dà Chá akhalabe tiyi wamkulu wa Huòshān pa kuchuluka — opambana kwambiri wosakhwima ndi wokwera mtengo wa Huáng Yá.
Dzina:
- “Huòshān” (霍山) — malo ochokera.
- “Huáng” (黄) — “chikasu” — malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi mtundu wa tsamba louma.
- “Dà Chá” (大茶) — “tiyi wamkulu” — kusiyanitsa ndi “tiyi wamng’ono” (小茶, Huáng Yá). Mawuwa anayamba nthawi ya Ming, pamene matcha a ku Huòshān anagawidwa kukhala “aakulu” (ochokera ku tsamba lokhwima) ndi “aang’ono” (ochokera ku mphukira).
- Dzina la anthu wamba: “Lǎogānhōng” (老干烘, “kuwumitsa kowuma kwakale”) — potengera kumaliza kwake kokazinga.
Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe: Huáng Dà Chá ndi tiyi wa anthu wamba ogwira ntchito ku Kumadzulo kwa Anhui. Mosiyana ndi Huáng Yá wapamwamba amene ankapita ku nyumba yachifumu ndi kwa abwanamkubwa, Huáng Dà Chá anali tiyi wa ogwira ntchito m’migodi, alimi, asilikali ndi amalonda pamsika wakumpoto. Ntchito yake inali yothandiza: kusungunula mafuta pambuyo pa chakudya cha nyama, kupereka mphamvu pa ntchito yolemetsa, kuthetsa ludzu nthawi yotentha. Ndi Huáng Dà Chá amene ankapanga maziko a malonda a tiyi pa “Kanjira ka Tiyi ka Dabieshan” (大别山茶叶走廊), akuperekera ku Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan — zigawo zomwe ankamwa tiyi wolemera, wamafuta wochokera m’mbiya. Huòshān, Jīnzhài ndi maboma oyandikira — ndi malo akale a chigawo cha Soviet cha Hubei-Henan-Anhui (鄂豫皖苏区) cha m’ma 1930; tiyi anali chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zinkalumikiza dera lamapiri ndi dziko lakunja.

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu: Huòshān Jīnjī Zhǒng (霍山金鸡种) — mtundu womwewo wa zomera wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa Huáng Yá, koma pano magwiridwe ake ena ndi omwe akugwira ntchito: masamba akulu, nthambi yokhuthala, kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (14.9%) ndi amino acid (4.97%) — “kawiri kawiri” (双高). Masamba ndi obiriwira kwambiri, mphukira zokhuthala, zimatseguka pang’onopang’ono (芽叶开展慢), zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipembedwe zokometsera zikhale mu tsamba lokhwima.
Kututa: Ndi mochedwa kwambiri kuposa Huáng Yá. Kututa kwa masika kumayamba pokhapokha pambuyo pa Lìxià (立夏, “Chiyambi cha Chilimwe”, pafupifupi 6 May) — kutanthauza masabata 2-3 mochedwa kuposa matcha ambiri achikasu. Tiyi wa masika amatutidwa m’magulu 3-4, wa chilimwe — m’gulu 1-2.
Mulingo wa kututa: Mphukira yokhala ndi masamba anayi kapena asanu (一芽四五叶), ndipo mphukira, nthambi ndi masamba ziyenera kulumikizidwa pamodzi (枝叶相连). Mphukira — zokhuthala, zamphamvu (粗壮肥大). Pa mphukira imodzi payenera kukhala masamba osachepera 4-5 kuti apange Huáng Dà Chá wabwino. Izi ndi zopangira mwadala “zankhanza” — zosiyana kotheratu ndi mphukira yokha ya Huáng Yá.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Mtengo uyenera kukhala wathanzi, ukukula mwamphamvu. Tsamba — lalikulu, lokhala ndi nthambi yayitali. Masamba omwe atutidwa amayalidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti asafiira (kuwira kofiira). Zonse zotutidwa tsiku lomwelo ziyenera kukonzedwa lomwelo.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Dera: Kumadzulo kwa Anhui, mapiri a Dabieshan (大别山). Mbali yakumpoto — chigwa cha mtsinje wa Huai. Malowa ndi okulirapo kuposa a Huáng Yá: kupatula Huòshān, akuphatikizapo Jīnzhài, Lù’ān, Yuèxī — mapiri aakulu. Dabieshan — ndi “malire akummawa kwa dera lopanga tiyi ku China” (我国东部茶叶产区的北缘).
Kutalika kwa kulima: 300–700 m pamwamba pa nyanja — lotsika kuposa malo apakati a Huáng Yá (≥600 m), koma ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pa kutalika kwapakati.
Dothi: Dothi lamapiri la mchenga wachikasu-bulauni (黄棕壤沙壤土), m’chiyankhulo cha am’deralo — “wū shā tǔ” (乌沙土, “dothi lakuda la mchenga”). pH 4.5–6.2. Kuchuluka kwa organic matter — pafupifupi 3%. Lotayirira, lotulutsa madzi bwino.
Nyengo: Mvula yapachaka — 1800 mm (yochuluka kuposa malo apakati a Huáng Yá). Chinyezi chachibale — 78%. Chiwerengero cha masiku a chifunga ndi mitambo — mpaka 181 pachaka. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku — 8–10°C. Kuphimba kwa nkhalango — ≥76%. Dera lopanda zosokoneza mafakitale.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:

Ukadaulo wa Huáng Dà Chá ndi “wankhanza” koposa ndi “wamoto” koposa pakati pa matcha onse achikasu. Zitsogozo zake zitatu: kukazinga m’mbiya zitatu, kutundumula kwa mlungu wathunthu ndi “kutambasula kwa moto wakale” pa kutentha kopambana.

Kukazinga m’mbiya zitatu (炒茶 — chǎo chá): Mbiya zitatu zimagwira ntchito motsatizana, popanda kupuma:
- Shēng guō (生锅, “mbiya yaiwisi”): Kutentha 180–200°C. “Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青) pa kutentha kwakukulu — kuletsa ntchito ya ma enzymes mwachangu. Kwa tsamba lalikulu, lankhanza kumafunika kutentha kokulirapo kuposa kwa mphukira zosakhwima.
- Ėr qīng guō (二青锅, “mbiya yachiwiri yobiriwira”): Kupota kukhala mizere (揉条) — kupatsa tsamba mawonekedwe ake ooneka otambalala.
- Shú guō (熟锅, “mbiya yotentha”): Kumaliza mawonekedwe — tsamba ndi nthambi zimapotedwa pamodzi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ooneka ngati “ndowe ya nsomba” (似钓鱼钩): nthambi yokhotakhota yokhala ndi tsamba kumapeto.
Kuwumitsa koyamba / Chū hōng (初烘 — chū hōng): Kuwumitsa mpaka 70-80% zouma.
Kutundumula / Duī jī (堆积 — duī jī): Gawo lofunikira la ménhuáng pa Huáng Dà Chá. Tiyi wouma pang’ono, akadali wotentha, amaikidwa m’madengu akulu a nsungwi (篓) kapena pa mphasa (圈席), amapanikizidwa pang’ono, ndikupanga mulu wotalika pafupifupi 1 m, ndipo amaikidwa m’chipinda chouma, chotentha (烘房, hōng fáng — chowumitsira). Kutentha kochokera m’chowumitsira kumakulitsa kuchikasu kwa tiyi. Nthawi yake — masiku 5-7. Pa nthawiyi, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika: tsamba limachikasu kotheratu, chlorophyll imawonongeka, ma catechins amatuluka, zigawo za “chikasu” zimapangidwa, fungo ndi kukoma kumawonjezeka. Chizindikiro chakuti tiyi wakonzeka: tsamba lakhala lofiirira m’chikasu, ndipo fungo “laonekera” (叶色黄变，香气透露).
Kuwumitsa kotsiriza / “Kutambasula moto wakale” (拉老火 — lā lǎo huǒ): Gawo lochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Moto woyaka wa makala a thundu (栎炭明火, lì tàn míng huǒ) umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutentha — 130–150°C. Tiyi amawutembenuzatembenuza mobwerezabwereza (翻烘) kwa mphindi 40-60, mpaka nthambi zikhale zothyoka ndi phokoso la mphwii, ndipo pamwamba pa tsamba pali “mame agolide” (金霜, jīn shuāng) — timibulu tating’ono ta shuga ndi ma amino acid otuluka. Ndi “kutambasula moto wakale” kwenikweni kumene kumamanga chikwangwani chachikulu cha fungo la Huáng Dà Chá — “gōu bā xiāng” (锅巴香, fungo la khungu la mpunga wopsereza), komanso timapepala ta caramel ndi mkate.
Kusankha (拣剔 — jiǎn tī): Kugawa mlingo wa ubwino.

6. Makhalidwe Onunkhira ndi Okomera:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba akulu ndi nthambi zokhuthala, zopoteredwa kukhala timizere totambalala. Nthambi ndi tsamba zimalumikizidwa pamodzi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ooneka ngati “ndowe ya nsomba” (梗叶相连似钓鱼钩). Mtundu wake — wagolide m’chikasu wokhala ndi kafifirambo (金黄显褐), wonyezimira ngati mafuta (油润). Pamwamba pake pakhoza kuoneka “mame agolide” (金霜). Chithunzi chonse — “mkuwa wakale” (古铜色, gǔ tóng sè).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lapamwamba, lokazinga, la “mkate”. Chomwe chikulamulira — “gōu bā xiāng” (锅巴香): fungo la khungu la mpunga wopsereza pansi pa mbiya. Komanso: timapepala ta caramel, zokazinga. Tiyi wachikasu wokhala ndi fungo la “moto” kwambiri.
Fungo la madzi otenthetsera: “Gāo shuǎng jiāo xiāng” (高爽焦香) — lapamwamba, lotsitsimutsa, lokazinga. Caramel, mpunga wokazinga, timapepala tating’ono ta mkate. Ndalama — limakhalabe kupyola mbiya 5-6 zakuthira.
Kukoma: “Nóng hòu chún hé” (浓厚醇和) — lokomera, lolemera, lofewa, lokhala ndi kubwerera kokoma koonekeratu (回甘). Kuphipha ndi kuwawa — ndi kochepa kapena kulibe. Kukoma — ndi “kolemera”, kodzaza, kophimba; kusiyana kotheratu ndi matcha achikasu “opepuka” ochokera ku mphukira. Kuchuluka kwa zosungunuka m’madzi kumapereka “thupi” la chakumwa.
Mtundu wa madzi otenthetsera: “Shēn huáng xiǎn hè” (深黄显褐) — chikasu chozama chokhala ndi kafifirambo. Chakuda kwambiri kuposa tiyi wina aliyense wachikasu. Kuwonekera bwino, ndi kunyezimira ngati mafuta.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lotenthetsedwa): Masamba akulu achikasu-bulauni, ofewa, osakanikirana bwino okhala ndi nthambi zooneka (黄中显褐，柔软带茎). Tsamba — lathunthu, losang’ambika.

7. Zomwe Zili Mkati (Chemical Composition):

Polyphenols: Mtundu wa Jīnjī Zhǒng — 14.9%. Umu ndi mulingo wocheperako, koma pophatikiza ndi kusanduka kwakukulu pa kutundumula kwa mlungu wathunthu, ma catechins amafewetsedwa kwambiri. Polyphenols amapereka mphamvu yoonekeratu yosungunula mafuta.
Amino Acids: 4.97% mu zopangira. L-theanine imapereka kutsekemera ndi “umami” ngakhale mu tsamba lankhanza.
Ma catechins + polyphenols — “kawiri kawiri” (双高): Kuphatikiza kosazolowereka kwa mtundu wina wa tiyi, komwe kuli polyphenols ochuluka ndi amino acid ochuluka nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapereka kuphipha (komwe kenako kumafewetsedwa ndi kutundumula), ndi kutsekemera kwachilengedwe.
Zosungunuka m’madzi: Kuchuluka kwake ndi kokulirapo chifukwa cha tsamba lalikulu lokhwima lokhala ndi nthambi yokhuthala. Nthambi — si cholakwika, koma gwero la ma polysaccharides owonjezera ndi shuga.
Mavitamini: C, gulu la B.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiamu, fluoride, zinki. Seleniamu (kuchokera ku dothi la Huòshān la miyala ya chipale chofewa).

8. Ubwino Wake:

Kusungunula mafuta ndi kuthetsa “kutsekeka” (消垢腻，去积滞): Ntchito yayikulu yachikhalidwe, yodziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Ming. Xú Cìshū anatsindika makamaka za ubwino umenewu. Ma enzymes ogayira chakudya, opangidwa pa kutundumula kwa mlungu wathunthu, amasungunula mafuta mwachangu.
Kupereka mphamvu ndi kusangalala (提神): Tsamba lokhwima limakhala ndi caffeine yokwanira kuti lipereke chisonkhezero chodziwika, koma chosakhala chankhanza, chotsitsimutsa.
Kuzirala ndi kuthetsa ludzu (消暑): Chakumwa chachikhalidwe cha chilimwe cha madera amapiri a Anhui, Shanxi ndi Shaanxi.
Chitetezo ku cheza chopweteka (抗辐射): Polyphenols ophatikizana ndi ma amino acid ndi vitamini C.
Kukhudza mwamphamvu m’mimba: Kutundumula kwa mlungu wathunthu kumasandutsa kwambiri ma catechins, kuchititsa kuti tiyi akhale wofewa m’mimba — wofewa kwambiri kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku zopangira zofananazo.

9. Kutenthetsa:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90°C. Huáng Dà Chá wochokera ku tsamba lankhanza saopa kutentha kwakukulu — m’malo mwake, kumatsegula fungo lake la “mkate”.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5 g pa 150 ml ya madzi — mulingo wokulirapo kuposa wa Huáng Yá, chifukwa cha tsamba lalikulu.
Chida: Gaiwan (zadothi) kapena galasi lagalasi. Gaiwan ndiyabwino kwambiri — imalola kuti fungo lolemera lituluke.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani chida ndi madzi otentha kwambiri, tsanulirani.
2. Ikani 5 g a tiyi.
3. Thirani madzi a 85–90°C. Kutenthetsa koyamba — “kutsuka” (润茶): dikirani masekondi 10-15, tsanulirani. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tsamba lalikulu litseguke.
4. Thirani kachiwiri. Dikirani mphindi 3-5 pa kutenthetsa koyamba.
5. Kutenthetsa mobwerezabwereza: mbiya 5-6. Huáng Dà Chá ndi umodzi mwa matcha achikasu okhalitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha tsamba lalikulu ndi nthambi yokhuthala.
6. Chofunikira: musapyole nthawi — ngati mukuposa nthawi, kukoma kokulirako kumachuluka.

10. Kusunga:

Huáng Dà Chá sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusunga kuposa Huáng Yá wosakhwima. Malo ouma, ozizira, amdima. Chidebe chotsekedwa bwino. Angasungidwe pa kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka miyezi 12-18 popanda kutaya kwenikweni ubwino — kukazinga kozama (“kutambasula moto wakale”) kumapereka kukhazikika kwabwino. Firiji siyofunikira, koma imatalikitsa kutsitsimuka. Ena okonda amasunga Huáng Dà Chá kwa zaka 1-2, poganiza kuti timapepala ta mkate timakhala tozungulira bwino.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Huáng Dà Chá ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri mwa matcha a ku Huòshān. Gulu loyamba labwino — 200-500 yuan pa jin (500 g). Gulu lachiwiri — ndi “tiyi watsiku ndi tsiku” wabwino kwambiri (口粮茶, kǒu liáng chá), wotsika mtengo. Gulu lapamwamba (lokhala ndi chizindikiro cha madera apakati a Dàhuàpíng kapena Mànshuǐhé) — mpaka 800 yuan. Zonyenga sizofala kwambiri kuposa za Huáng Yá, chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika ndi mbiri yake yapadera. Komabe, kungatheke kusinthidwa ndi tiyi wobiriwira wamasamba akulu popanda gawo la kutundumula: Huáng Dà Chá weniweni ndi wofiirira m’chikasu (osati wobiriwira), wokhala ndi fungo loonekeratu la “gōu bā xiāng” lokazinga (osati fungo la udzu), ndipo madzi otenthetsera — ndi achikasu chozama (osati obiriwira wopepuka).

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

Huáng Dà Chá ndi tiyi wachikasu yekhayo wofotokozedwa mu “Zolemba za Tiyi” za nthawi ya Ming za Xú Cìshū (1597) mwatsatanetsatane kotero kuti chifotokozocho chimagwirizana kwenikweni ndi ukadaulo wamakono. Panthawiyi, Xú Cìshū anatsutsa ukadaulo umenewu kukhala wankhanza — osadziwa kuti “kuwotcha kopambana” ndi “kuchikasu” ndizo maziko a Huáng Dà Chá.
Mwambi wa alimi a tiyi wa ku Huòshān: “Mtundu wa mkuwa wakale, fungo la moto wapamwamba, tsamba lalikulu — lingakulunge mchere, nthambi yayitali — ingagwiritse ntchito ngati chogwirizira bwato” (古铜色，高火香，叶大能包盐，梗长能撑船) — ndiye chithunzi cholondola kwambiri m’mizere inayi.
“Kutambasula moto wakale” (拉老火) pa 130–150°C — ndiko kumaliza kotentha kwambiri pakati pa matcha onse achikasu. Poyerekeza: Huáng Yá amawumitsidwa pa 90–120°C, Méng Dǐng Huáng Yá — pa 70–80°C.
“Mame agolide” (金霜) pamwamba pa tsamba louma — si nkhungu, koma shuga ndi ma amino acid osanduka makhiristo otuluka pa kuwumitsa kwa kutentha kwakukulu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino, osati chiwonongeko.
Huáng Dà Chá kwa zaka mazana ambiri anali “tiyi wa Njira ya Silika” — tiyi wamkulu amene ankachokera ku Anhui kupita kumpoto, ku Shanxi ndi Shaanxi, kudzera m’njira zamalonda. Ankayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu yake “yochotsa mafuta” (消垢腻) pambuyo pa chakudya cholemera cha nyama cha zigawo zakumpoto.
Huòshān ndi kwawo osati kwa Huáng Yá ndi Huáng Dà Chá okha, komanso kwa “dendrobium ya ku Huòshān” yodziwika bwino (霍山石斛, Huòshān Shíhú) — chomera chamankhwala chamtengo wapatali. Mapiri a Dabieshan ndi chilengedwe chapadera, chomwe chimapereka tiyi ndi “udzu wa moyo wosatha”.
Mu 2019, Huòshān adalandira ulemu wa “Kwawo kwa Tiyi Wachikasu waku China” (中国黄茶之乡) — ndipo Huáng Dà Chá amapereka kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ulemu umenewu: dera la minda ya tiyi ya Huòshān — oposa 200,000 mu (13,000+ ha), ndipo gawo lalikulu — ndi la Huáng Dà Chá.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Matcha Ena Achikasu:

Huòshān Huáng Yá (霍山黄芽): “Mng’ono” wochokera ku boma lomwelo. Huáng Yá — wochokera ku mphukira, wokoma ngati mtedza, wosakhwima, “wa bwanamkubwa”; Huáng Dà Chá — wochokera ku tsamba lalikulu, lokazinga, lankhanza, “wa anthu wamba”. Huáng Yá — masiku 1-2 a “kuyala kowuma”; Huáng Dà Chá — masiku 5-7 a kutundumula + “kutambasula moto” pa 150°C. Huáng Yá — madzi otenthetsera achikasu wopepuka; Huáng Dà Chá — chikasu chozama chofiirira. Mtundu umodzi womwewo wa Jīnjī Zhǒng umapereka matcha awiri osiyana kotheratu.
Dàyèqīng (大叶青, Guangdong): Onse ndi matcha achikasu amasamba akulu. Dàyèqīng — wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba akulu a Yunnan kapena Guangdong, wokhala ndi khalidwe la “chimera”, ndi wòchǔi wonyowa kwambiri. Huáng Dà Chá — wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba apakati a Anhui, wokhala ndi khalidwe la “mkate” ndi kumaliza kokazinga kopambana. Dàyèqīng — ndi wolemera kwambiri ndi “wakuda”; Huáng Dà Chá — ndi wouma kwambiri ndi “wokazinga”.
Méng Dǐng Huáng Yá (蒙顶黄芽): Kusiyana kotheratu. Méng Dǐng — mphukira zosakhwima kwambiri, uchi-mtedza, wosalala, “wamfumu”. Huáng Dà Chá — tsamba lankhanza kwambiri, mkate-kukazinga, kolemera, “la msilikali”. Magawo osiyana a gulu limodzi, olumikizidwa ndi liwu la “chikasu” lokha.
Píngyáng Huáng Tāng (平阳黄汤): Píngyáng — wa chimanga, apurikoti, wanyanja. Huáng Dà Chá — wa mkate, caramel, wamapiri. Píngyáng — wochokera ku zopangira zosakhwima ndi kutundumula kwa maola 72; Huáng Dà Chá — wochokera ku zopangira zankhanza ndi kutundumula kwa mlungu wathunthu ndi “kutambasula moto”. Maiko osiyana a tiyi wachikasu.

Pomaliza:

Huòshān Huáng Dà Chá — ndi tiyi wopanda kunyada ndi wopanda manyazi chifukwa cha ukali wake. Tsamba lake ndi lalikulu ndipo nthambi yake ndi yokhuthala — ndipo ili si cholakwika, koma gwero la mphamvu: kukoma kolemera, fungo lokhazikika, mbiya zisanu ndi chimodzi popanda kutaya thupi. “Kutambasula kwake kwa moto wakale” — si nkhanza pa tsamba, koma kukambirana koona ndi makala ndi malawi, kubala fungo la khungu la mpunga wopsereza — “gōu bā xiāng” lomwe silinganyengedwe ndipo silingaiwalidwe. Huáng Dà Chá — ndi tiyi amene sanapangidwire nyumba yachifumu, koma wa moyo: wa ntchito yolemetsa m’mapiri, wa nyama yamphongo yamafuta pamsika wakumpoto, wa usiku wautali pamoto. Xú Cìshū zaka mazana anayi zapitazo anatsutsa anthu a m’mapiri a Huòshān chifukwa cha ukadaulo wawo wankhanza — koma anthu a Dabieshan ankadziwa chimene ankachita. Ankapanga tiyi amene umagwira ntchito.