Huangyun Cui Zhu

Huangyun Cui Zhu (黄云翠竹, Huángyún cuì zhú) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku dera la Hanzhong (汉中), m’chigawo cha Shaanxi, chomwe chili kum’mwera kwa chikuli cha Qinling (秦岭). Hanzhong amadziwika kuti ndi limodzi mwa madera omwe alibe kuipitsidwa kwambiri ndi mafakitale ku China: ndi dera la mitunda yayitali, lokwera pamwamba pa nyanja; nthawi zambiri kumakhala mitambo ndi chifunga; nthaka yokhala ndi zinki ndi selenium yambiri; ndipo ili kutali ndi malo oipitsidwa ndi mafakitale. Tiyi ameneyu amadziwika ndi fungo la mchewere (栗香, lìxiāng) lokhala ndi kachinkhoswe ka maluwa a orchid, ndi mawonekedwe ake oongoka ngati tsamba la nsungwi (竹), ndi kutsekemera kwatsopano komanso “kongofooka” (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Dzina lakuti “Huangyun Cui Zhu” limaphatikiza mopatsa chidwi zithunzi za mitambo yachikasu (黄云) ndi nsungwi zobiriwira (翠竹) — mawonekedwe a mapiri akum’mwera kwa Shaanxi.

1. Mgawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosabisidwa). Amagawidwa m’gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri a Shaanxi (陕西高山绿茶), wophatikiza zinthu za njira ya kukazinga (炒青) ndi njira ya kutentha (烘青).
• Gulu: Tiyi wodziwika bwino wa m’derali wotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiyambi (地理标志). Ndi gawo la tiyi wobiriwira wa Hanzhong (汉中绿茶), omwe awonetsedwa ndi bungwe la State Administration for Quality and Standardization kuti ndi chinthu chokhala ndi Geographical Indication. Tiyi wa ku Hanzhong amalemekezeka chifukwa cha mwambi wakuti “utali utatu, chuma ziwiri, chiyero chimodzi” (纬度高、海拔高、云雾几率高、富含锌硒、远离污染) — kutalika kwakumtunda, msinkhu wapamwamba pa nyanja, mwayi wochuluka wa mitambo, kulemera ndi zinki ndi selenium, komanso kusowa kwa kuipitsidwa.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西省, Shǎnxī shěng), mzinda wa Hanzhong (汉中市, Hànzhōng shì). Hanzhong ili m’chigwa chapakati pa chikuli cha Qinling (秦岭) kumpoto ndi cha Daba Shan (大巴山) kummwera — m’dera lotchedwa “Tianfu Hanzhong” (天府汉中), “Dziko Loparadaiso la Hanzhong,” lomwe UNESCO idalowetsa mu pulogalamu ya “Man and the Biosphere” (世界人与自然生物圈保护区). Madera akuluakulu a tiyi a m’derali ndi maboma a Xixiang (西乡), Nanzheng (南郑), Ningqiang (宁强), Chenggu (城固), komanso madera ena a m’mapiri a maboma ena.
• Malangizo a geogarafi: Pafupifupi 32°20′–33°20′ N, 106°00′–107°30′ E (dera la Hanzhong).

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chake:

• Mbiri: Kulima tiyi ku Hanzhong ndi kwakale kwambiri. Kale kwambiri m’nthawi ya maufumu akale a Ba (巴) ndi Shu (蜀), pafupifupi zaka 3,000 zapitazo, anthu akumwera kwa Shaanxi anayamba kulima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi. M’manda a Hanyangling (汉阳陵, pafupi ndi Xi’an), zotsalira za tsamba la tiyi zinapezeka, zomwe zinalembedwa cha m’ma 141 BC, ndipo bungwe la Institute of Physics la Chinese Academy of Sciences linavomereza kuti ndi tiyi wakale kwambiri padziko lonse wotsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zakale. Lu Yu, m’buku lake “Chájīng” (《茶经》, zaka za m’ma 800), anaphatikiza dera la Jinzhou (金州, masiku ano ndi Ankang) ndi Hanzhong m’madera a tiyi asanu ndi atatu a Ufumu wa Tang, dera la Shannan (山南茶区).

  Mwambi wakuti “Zìgǔ Guānnán chūn dú zǎo, Qīngmíng yǐ zhǔ Pínglì chá” (自古关南春独早，清明已煮平利茶 — “Kuyambira kale, kummwera kwa chipata masika amabwera mofulumira kuposa konse — pofika pa Qingming, tiyi wa ku Pingli anali ataphikidwa kale”), wolembedwa ndi mkulu wa Qing, Ye Shizhuo (叶世倬, zaka za m’ma 1700), umasonyeza mwambo wakale wa tiyi wakumayambiriro kwa masika m’derali. M’nthawi ya Ming ndi Qing, tiyi wa ku Shaanxi ankachita gawo lalikulu mu “malonda a tiyi ndi akavalo” (茶马贸易, chámǎ màoyì) — kusinthana kwa tiyi ndi akavalo ndi anthu oyendayenda akumpoto chakumadzulo.

  Huangyun Cui Zhu monga chopangidwa chenicheni ndi chotulukira cha ntchito zamakono za kufufuza ndi ukadaulo. Chiyambi chake chimakhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa ulimi wa tiyi wa Hanzhong komwe kunayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1980: mu 1984, zipambano zoyamba za kukonza mitundu ndi njira zinazindikiridwa. Mu 2007 ndi 2013, tiyi analandira mphotho za mpikisano zomwe zidatsimikiza udindo wake. Kulembetsa kwa chizindikiro cha Geographical Indication kunakhazikitsa kuti ndi mbali ya tiyi wotetezedwa wa Hanzhong. Mu 2019, mtundu wa “Huangyun Cui Zhu” unalembetsedwa ngati chopangidwa chodziyimira pawokha cha m’derali.

• Dzina: “Huangyun Cui Zhu” (黄云翠竹) limatanthauza “Mitambo Yachikasu, Nsungwi Yobiriwira Kwambiri.” 黄云 (Huángyún) — “mitambo yachikasu”: chithunzi cha mapiri a Qinling okhala ndi chifunga chowunikiridwa ndi dzuwa la m’bandakucha kapena la dzuwa lolowera, zomwe zimapanga chinsalu cha golide-chikasu. 翠竹 (Cuì Zhú) — “nsungwi yobiriwira kwambiri”: limanena za nkhalango za nsungwi, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m’malo akumwera kwa Shaanxi, komanso za mawonekedwe a mphukira ya tiyi, yooneka ngati tsamba la nsungwi loongoka, losalala. Dzinali ndi lodziwika bwino komanso lolondola: limafotokoza malo komanso maonekedwe a masamba, komanso mtundu wa dera (mtundu wobiriwira ndi wagolide).

• Chikhalidwe chofunikira: Hanzhong ndi dziko lodzaza ndi mbiri ya Ufumu wa Atatu (三国): kuno ndiye Liu Bei anakhazikitsa ufumu wa Shu-Han, ndipo Zhuge Liang anapanga njira zake. Tiyi amalumikizana mosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ichi: “Zhang Qian Pai” (张骞牌) — imodzi mwa mitundu yotsogola ya tiyi ya m’derali — idatchedwa kutengera mbadwa ya ku Hanzhong, Zhang Qian, mlendo wamkulu ndi yemwe anayambitsa Njira ya Silk. Tiyi wa ku Hanzhong ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe mbiri yake “Njira ya Tiyi ndi Akavalo” (茶马古道) inanyamula kuchokera ku Shaanxi kupita kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Botanical ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu: Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, makamaka var. sinensis (mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono).
• Mitundu / Cultivar: Mindandanda ya zomera za m’deralo (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) — zosakaniza za mzere wa mbewu zomwe zidazolowezedwa ndi malo a m’mapiri a Qinling mwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ndi mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono, womwe umapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa China: tchire losalala, masamba ang’onoang’ono okhuthala okhala ndi amino acids wambiri komanso polyphenols wochepa. Chiwerengerochi chimapanga “kutsekemera kwakukulu, kuwawa kochepa” (高甜低涩), chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wa ku Hanzhong.
• Kukolola: Makamaka m’nyengo ya masika. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri — isanafike Qingming (清明, kumayambiriro kwa April); yofala — isanafike Guyu (谷雨, kumapeto kwa April). Chifukwa chakuti kumpoto komanso nyengo ya m’mapiri, kumera kumayamba mochedwa poyerekeza ndi zigawo zakumwera, zomwe zimapereka nthawi yayitali yosonkhanitsa amino acids m’masamba.
• Mulingo wa kukolola: Masamba osatuluka ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri apamwamba (一芽一叶 – 一芽二叶). Kwa mtundu wabwino kwambiri, makamaka “mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka pang’ono” (一芽一叶初展).
• Zofunikira za zipangizo: Mphukira ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, zosagawanika, zofanana kukula, zopanda kuvulala ndi zipangizo kapena kutenthedwa. Tingayembekezere kuona kaubweya kakang’ono pa masamba osatuluka.

4. Terroir ndi Zopatsa Chidwi pa Kulima:

• Malo ndi maonekedwe a dziko: Hanzhong ili m’chigwa chapakati pa mapiri (汉中盆地) pakati pa zikuli ziwiri zamphamvu: Qinling (秦岭, mpaka 3,767 m) kumpoto ndi Daba Shan (大巴山) kummwera. Midzi ya tiyi imakhala m’mapiri apakati ndi apamwamba, m’dera lomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala mitambo ndi chifunga. Malowa ndi a mapiri, okhala ndi nkhalango zanthambi zazikulu ndi zosakaniza, nkhalango za nsungwi, ndi mitsinje yambiri.
• Msinkhu wa kumera: Pafupifupi 600–1,200 m pamwamba pa nyanja, dera lalikulu liri pafupifupi 800 m.
• Nyengo: Yosinthira kuchokera ku subtropical kupita ku yofunda, yokhala ndi mkhalidwe wa m’mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — pafupifupi 13.5 °C. Mvula ya pachaka — 800–1,200 mm. Mitambo ndi chifunga zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri — ndi mthunzi wachilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa L-theanine ndikuchepetsa kuwawa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku komanso nyengo. Qinling imateteza ku mphepo zozizira zakumpoto, kupanga kachitidwe kakang’ono ka “kummwera” m’chigawo chonse chakumpoto.
• Nthaka: Nthaka zachikasu ndi zofiirira za m’mapiri (黄棕壤, 山地黄壤) zokhala ndi asidi (pH 4.5–6.0), zokhala ndi zinthu zochuluka zakuthupi ndi mchere wambiri wachilengedwe. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa selenium (硒, xī) ndi zinki (锌, xīn) m’nthaka yakumwera kwa Shaanxi, zomwe zimakhudza mchere wa tiyi. Ndiponso, nthaka ya m’mapiri imayenda bwino madzi.
• Ulimi: Kuyang’anira minda mwachilengedwe. Kutalikirana ndi malo a mafakitale komanso udindo wotetezedwa ndi madzi (kumwera kwa Shaanxi ndi dera lofunika kwambiri la pulojekiti ya “Kusamutsa Madzi Kuchokera Kumwera Kupita Kumpoto”, 南水北调中线工程) kumatsimikizira kuyera kwa chilengedwe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito manyowa achilengedwe, njira zopangira tizilombo mwachilengedwe. Mindandanda yambiri ili m’madera a malo osungirako zachilengedwe a UNESCO.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Huangyun Cui Zhu amaphatikiza zinthu za njira yokazinga ndi yotenthetsa, zomwe zimalunjika pa kupanga mphukira yoongoka, “yooneka ngati nsungwi”, yokhala ndi fungo la mchewere losalala komanso kutsekemera koyera. Masitepe akulu ndi awa:

• Kukolola (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Kusankha pamanja mphukira zazing’ono molingana ndi mulingo wa mtundu. Kupereka mwachangu ku fakitale.

• Kuyala / kunyozeka pang’ono (摊晾 — tānliàng): Mphukira zatsopano zimayalidwa m’chingwe chopyapyala (3–5 cm) m’chipinda chozizira, chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kwa maola 4–6. Kutayika kwa chinyezi pang’ono, kuyamba kupanga zodzetsa fungo, kukweza amino acids aulere chifukwa cha kutha kwa mapuloteni.

• Kukhazika kwa masamba (杀青 — shāqīng): Kukazinga mu poto yotentha (锅炒杀青) pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kulepheretsa mwachangu ma enzymes a oxidation, kusunga mtundu wobiriwira. Kupanga maziko a fungo la mchewere (栗香). Mfundo ndi: “kutentha kwakukulu, kufanana, popanda matsinde ofiira.”

• Kukulunga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kukulunga pang’ono kuti zigawo za ma cell atheke pang’ono ndikutulutsa madzi pamwamba pa tsamba. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti potulutsa madzi ake akhale okwanira.

• Kupanga maonekedwe (做形 — zuòxíng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri kwa Huangyun Cui Zhu: mphukira imapatsidwa maonekedwe ake enieni oongoka, pang’ono opyapyala, “ooneka ngati nsungwi” (挺直如竹). Kupanga maonekedwe kumachitika mwa kukanikiza pang’ono ndi kuwongola mu poto yotentha, kupanga mphukira yokongola yoongoka, yomwe yapatsa tiyi mbali ya dzina lake (翠竹).

• Kuyanika (烘干 — hōnggān): Kufika pa chinyezi chokhazikika (≤ 6 %) pa kutentha kochepa. Kukhwimitsa maonekedwe, fungo ndi mtundu. Kuphatikiza kwa kukazinga kotsiriza ndi kutentha kumapereka kuzama kwa chikhalidwe cha mchewere.

6. Mikhalidwe ya Kakhalidwe:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mphukira ndi zoongoka, zokongola, zopyapyala pang’ono, zooneka ngati masamba ang’onoang’ono a nsungwi (秀美挺直). Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira kwambiri wokhala ndi katsitsi ka emeradi, ndi kaubweya kakang’ono kooneka pa masamba osatuluka.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Fungo lamphamvu la mchewere (栗香), lokhala ndi kachinkhoswe ka maluwa a orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Fungo ndi lokhazikika, lakuya, “lotalika” (香浓，韵味深长).
• Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Maziko a mchewere ndi mtedza, okhala ndi maluwa ofewa. Ndi oyera, osakhala ndi zonyansa zina.
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano, “kongofooka” (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kokhala ndi maziko otsekemera ndi kuwawa kochepa. Kunenepa kwapakati, kogwirizana. Ndi “huigan” (回甘) yodziwika bwino — kutsekemera kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumamveka pakhosi pambuyo pa kumwa kulikonse. Mwambi wa tiyi wa Hanzhong ndi “高香、高鲜、高甜、低苦、低涩” (fungo lalikulu, kutsitsimula kwakukulu, kutsekemera kwakukulu, kuwawa kochepa, kukwiya kochepa).
• Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wobiriwira wachikasu mpaka wobiriwira kwambiri, woyera, wokhala ndi katsitsi ka golide pang’ono.
• Pansi pa tiyi (masamba otenthedwa): Masamba ndi olingana, osasweka, obiriwira mofewa, osalala. Osegulidwa bwino, osunga maonekedwe oongoka.

7. Kuchuluka kwa Mankhwala:

• Polyphenols (茶多酚): Kuchuluka kwapakati (12–18 % ya kulemera kowuma), kochepa poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriwira wakummwera kwa China wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono wa cultivari ndi nyengo yozizira ya m’mapiri. Makamaka ndi ma catechins (EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC). Kuchepa kwa polyphenols ndiko chifukwa cha kufewa ndi kutsekemera “kosakwiya” kwa kukoma.
• Amino acids (氨基酸): Kuchuluka kwake — ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wa Hanzhong. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) — ndilo limene limatengera kutsekemera ndi umami. Kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zitatu: kutalika kwakumpoto (kumera kochepa), kutalika kwa m’mapiri (usiku wozizira), mitambo (mthunzi wachilengedwe). Chiwerengero cha amino acids ku polyphenols ndi chokwera kuposa chilinganizo, zomwe zimapanga kutsekemera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kuwawa.
• Alkaloids: Kafeini — pafupifupi 2.0–3.0 % ya kulemera kowuma. Theobromine ndi theophylline — pang’ono chabe.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C (yomwe imasungidwa bwino pantchito yokazinga m’poto), mavitamini a gulu B (B₁, B₂, B₃), β-carotene, folic acid.
• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, manganese, zinki, fosiforasi, fulorini. Chinthu chapadera — kulemera kwachilengedwe ndi selenium (硒): nthaka yakumwera kwa Shaanxi ndi mbali ya “malamba a selenium” a China, ndipo tiyi wochokera ku derali uli ndi selenium yambiri yachilengedwe, yomwe imalemekezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zolimbana ndi oxidative ndi kuteteza chitetezo.
• Mafuta ofunika ndi mankhwala onunkhira: Linalool, cis-3-hexenol, β-ionone, geraniol, phenylacetaldehyde. Amapanga chikhalidwe cha mchewere ndi orchid.

8. Ubwino Wake:

• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Ma catechins ndi selenium yachilengedwe pamodzi amapereka mphamvu yayikulu yolepheretsa ma free radicals, kuthandiza kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa ma cell.
• Mphamvu yofewa yolimbikitsa: Kugwirizana kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yolinganiza — kukweza chidwi ndi kuzindikira popanda nkhaŵa.
• Thandizo la selenium: Selenium yachilengedwe imagwira ntchito mu glutathione peroxidase, enzyme yofunika kwambiri pakuteteza thupi ku oxidation. Imathandizira ntchito ya chithokomiro ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Kuthandizira kugaya chakudya: Polyphenols amalimbikitsa kuyenda kwa m’mimba, amathandizira kugaya chakudya, amateteza umoyo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a m’mimba.
• Mitsempha ya mtima ndi magazi: Kumwa tiyi wobiriwira pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa LDL ndi kusunga kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha.
• Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Mgwirizano wa zinki, selenium, mavitamini C ndi gulu B, ndi polyphenols umapereka mphamvu yokhazikika.
• Kuteteza umoyo wa mkamwa: Fulorini ndi ma catechins amalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda a mano.

Zindikirani: tiyi si mankhwala. Ngati mukukhudzidwa ndi kafeini kapena muli ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali, mufunike kufunsa dokotala.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C. Tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Hanzhong wokhala ndi amino acids yambiri amawonekera bwino pa kutentha kwapakati; madzi otentha kwambiri amalepheretsa kutsekemera ndi kukulitsa kuwawa.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (gaiwan, njira ya kuthira mwachangu); 2–3 g pa 200 ml (galasi lagalasi, njira ya kuthira ndi kusiya).

• Ziwiya: Galasi lagalasi (玻璃杯) — ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri poona mphukira zoongoka, “zooneka ngati nsungwi” zikuyandama mu madzi obiriwira. Gaiwan wa zadothi (盖碗) — kuti athe kuyang’anira mwatcheru kutulutsidwa kwake komanso kuphikanso kambirimbiri.

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Kufutukitsa ziwiya. Tsitsani galasi kapena gaiwan ndi madzi otentha.
  2. Kuthira tiyi. Ikani 3 g ya masamba owuma mu chotengera chofutukitsidwa.
  3. Kuthira koyamba. Thirani madzi a 80–85 °C theka la mphika, siyani mphukira “kudzuka” kwa masekondi 20–30.
  4. Kuwonjezera ndi kusiya. Thirani madzi owonjezera mpaka mphika wadzaza. Mu gaiwan — siyani masekondi 40–50; mu galasi — mphindi 1.5–2.
  5. Kuthira / kumwa. Tsitsani madziwo (mu gaiwan) kapena imwani kufika pa 2/3 ya mphika (mu galasi) musanawonjezere.
  6. Kuphikanso kambirimbiri. 3–5 kuthira kokwanira. Iliyonse yowonjezera — onjezerani masekondi 10–15.

10. Kusunga:

• Chotengera: Chotsekedwa, chosawala — zojambula za aluminiyamu, botolo lachitsulo kapena ladothi lokhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba.
• Kutentha: Kwabwino kwambiri — 0–5 °C (firiji). Ndikotheka kusunga pa kutentha kwa chipinda pamalo ozizira, amdima kwa nthawi yochepa (kufika miyezi iwiri).
• Adani a tiyi: Kuwala, chinyezi, fungo lachilendo, mpweya, kutentha kwakukulu.
• Nthawi yosunga: Kuti kukoma kwake kuwonekere kwambiri — m’miyezi 6–12 pambuyo popanga. Posunga mwaukadaulo mufiriji — kufika miyezi 18.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

• Gulu la mtengo: Pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa Hanzhong. Mtundu woyamba wakumayambiriro kwa masika ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa wa chilimwe; mtengo umatengeranso wopanga ndi setifiketi.
• Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
  • Gulani kwa opereka odalirika omwe ali ndi chizindikiro chogwira ntchito cha “Hanzhong Lü Cha — chinthu chokhala ndi Geographical Indication” (汉中绿茶地理标志).
  • Onetsetsani maonekedwe: Huangyun Cui Zhu weniweni amadziwika ndi mphukira zoongoka, zokongola zooneka ngati nsungwi. Maonekedwe osokonekera, osweka kapena aang’ono kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha zabodza.
  • Fufuzani fungo: Fungo lenileni la mchewere lokhala ndi kachinkhoswe ka orchid — ndi loyera, lakuya, lokhazikika. Fungo lopangira lochita kupanga limapereka fungo lakuthwa, lomwe limasowa mwachangu.
  • Onani madzi a tiyi: Ayenera kukhala oyera, obiriwira wachikasu. Kukhala ndi matope kapena kosaoneka bwino — ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wakale kapena wabodza.
  • Chenjerani ndi mtengo: Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika — ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Dera la Hanzhong ndi limodzi mwa malo ochepa ku China kumene minda ya tiyi ili pamlingo woposa 33° N. Ili ndi “malire akumpoto” a malamba a tiyi wamba, ndipo tiyi wa m’derali ali ndi kugwirizana kwapadera: kuwawa kochepa (polyphenols ochepa) komanso kutsekemera kwakukulu (amino acids yambiri) — mawonekedwe “ogwirizana” mosiyana ndi tiyi otentha a kumwera.
• Kupezeka kwa tiyi m’manda a Hanyangling (141 BC) kumapangitsa derali kukhala limodzi mwa malo akale kwambiri padziko lonse omwe anagwiritsira ntchito tiyi — kukhala akale kuposa umboni uliwonse wa ku India, Japan kapena Ceylon ndi zaka 1,500–2,000.
• Kumwera kwa Shaanxi ndi mbali ya “malamba a selenium” a China (秦巴硒谷): nthaka zake mwachilengedwe ziri ndi selenium yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa tiyi wa m’derali kukhala wachilengedwe “wama selenium” (富硒, “wama selenium”) — popanda chowonjezera chilichonse chopangira.
• Hanzhong ndi malo oyambira a mbiri ya “Njira ya Silk Yaikulu” kudzera mwa Zhang Qian (张骞, cha m’ma 164–114 BC); tiyi anakhala chimodzi mwa katundu wamkulu wa “Njira ya Tiyi ndi Akavalo” (茶马古道), yomwe idalumikiza derali ndi Tibet ndi Central Asia.
• Chikuli cha Qinling ndi chimodzi mwa malire a biogeographic ofunika kwambiri ku China, kugawa “Kumpoto” ndi “Kummwera” kwa dzikolo malinga ndi nyengo, zomera, ndi miyambo yophikira. Minda ya tiyi kumwera kwa Qinling — kwenikweni ndi “tiyi pa malire a maiko awiri,” wotenga mzimu wa onse.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa Shaanxi:

Khalidwe	Huangyun Cui Zhu (黄云翠竹)	Hanzhong Xianhao (汉中仙毫)	Ziyang Mao Jian (紫阳毛尖)	Shangnan Quan Ming (商南泉茗)
Dera	Hanzhong	Hanzhong (Xixiang, Nanzheng)	Ankang (Ziyang)	Shangluo (Shangnan)
Maonekedwe a tsamba	Loongoka, “looneka ngati nsungwi”	Lokulungidwa, lakuthwa, “looneka ngati singano”	Zopindika zazifupi ndi kaubweya	Mphukira zopindidwa zazing’ono
Fungo lalikulu	Mchewere + orchid	Mchewere wamphamvu, “xianhao-xiang”	Latsopano, la udzu, ndi mtedza	Loyera, lofewa, “la akasupe”
Kukoma kwake	Kwapakati, kotsekemera, “kongofooka”	Kwakukulu, kotsekemera, chokwanira	Kwapakati, kwatsopano, kobiriwira	Lopepuka, loyera, lofewa
Chofunikira	Maonekedwe oongoka, dzina lopatsa chidwi	Mtsogoleri wa tiyi wa Hanzhong	Wachilengedwe wama selenium	Tiyi wokhala kumpoto kwambiri ku Shaanxi

Pomaliza:

Huangyun Cui Zhu ndi tiyi wokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha m’mapiri: wodekha, wodziletsa, koma wokhala ndi kuzama kwa mkati komwe kumawonekera osati pakumwa koyamba, koma pang’onopang’ono — kuchokera pa kuthira mpaka kuthira. Fungo lake la mchewere, mawonekedwe oongoka a “nsungwi”, ndi kutsekemera koyera, “kosaduka” zimapereka chithunzi cha mzimu wa kumwera kwa Qinling — chikuli chomwe Kumpoto ndi Kummwera kwa China zimakumana ndikubereka chinthu chapadera. Ngati mukufuna tiyi wobiriwira yemwe samadziwonetsa yekha, koma akuyitanitsani mofewa kuti mumvetsere — ku chinkhoswe chake chofewa cha orchid, ku kutsekemera kobwerera, ku mzere wa mchere wa mapiri a selenium — Huangyun Cui Zhu ndiye chisankho choyenera. Phikani mu galasi lagalasi pa 80 °C ndi madzi ofewa, kuyang’ana momwe mphukira zoongoka za “nsungwi” zimayimirira pang’onopang’ono mu madzi obiriwira — ndipo mudzamva chimene anthu a ku Hanzhong amachitcha “yunwei” (韵味) — kukoma kozama, kopanda msanga komwe kumakhalabe kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa tiyi weniweni.