Huángjīn Guì · new.thetea.app

Huángjīn Guì ndi imodzi mwa maulongu anayi otchuka a m’boma la Ānxī, limodzi ndi Tiěguānyīn (铁观音), Běnshān (本山) ndi Máoxiè (毛蟹). Pakati pa mitundu yonse ya maulongu omwe alipo, tiyi ameneyu amasiyana ndi ena chifukwa amathyoledwa mofulumira kwambiri komanso ali ndi fungo lapamwamba kwambiri, “lobowola kumwamba”, motero ku Anxi kale anamutcha “Tòu Tiān Xiāng” (透天香) — “Fungo Lobowola Kumwamba”.

1. Magawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Ulungu (tiyi wofiira pang’ono). Ulungu wa Minnan (闽南乌龙, Mǐnnán Wūlóng) woponderezedwa pang’ono. Mulingo wa okisidiyo mu kalembedwe ka miyambo “qīngxiāng” (清香, qīngxiāng) umakhala pafupifupi 15–30%; m’mitundu yowotchera kwambiri — mpaka 35–40%.
Gulu: Tiyi Wotchuka wa ku China (中国名茶). Imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yachikale ya maulungu a ku Anxi. Chogulitsa chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (中国国家地理标志产品).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建省, Fújiàn Shěng), mzinda wa Quanzhou (泉州市, Quánzhōu Shì), boma la Anxi (安溪县, Ānxī Xiàn). Kwawo kwa mtundu uwu wa tiyi ndi mudzi wa Luoyán Cūn (罗岩村) ndi mudzi wa Měizhuāng Cūn (美庄村) m’tauni ya Hǔqiū Zhèn (虎邱镇). Madera akuluakulu opangira: Huqiu (虎邱), Daping (大坪), Jingu (金谷), Jiandou (剑斗), Cannei (参内).
Malo ake: Pafupifupi 25°03′ kumpoto, 117°58′ kum’mawa (dera la Huqiu).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Huángjīn Guì anapangidwa m’nthawi ya Qing (清朝, Qīng Cháo), m’zaka za ulamuliro wa Xianfeng (咸丰, Xiánfēng), zomwe zikutanthauza nthawi yapakati pa 1850 ndi 1860. Pali nthano ziwiri zikuluzikulu zokhudza chiyambi cha tiyi ameneyu.

Malinga ndi nthano yoyamba, cha m’ma 1860 mnyamata wina dzina lake Lín Zǐqīn (林梓琴) wa m’mudzi wa Luoyán anakwatira mtsikana wotchedwa Wáng Dàn (王淡) wa m’mudzi wa Zhūyáng Cūn (珠洋村) ku Xīpíng (西坪). Malinga ndi mwambo wa kumaloko wa “duì yuè” (对月) — patadutsa mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa ukwati mkwatibwi amapita kukaona makolo ake — ndipo pobwerera kunyumba ya mamuna wake amayenera kubweretsa “dài qīng” (带青): mphukira zamoyo, zomwe zimaimira kupitiriza ndi kuberekeka kwa mbumba. Amayi a Wáng Dàn anapatsa mwana wawo wamkazi mphukira ziwiri za chitsamba cha tiyi. Okwatiranawo anazibzala pafupi ndi nyumba, zomera zinazika mizu ndipo zinaphuka bwino kwambiri. Tiyi wopangidwa kuchokera m’masamba ake anali ndi golidi wonyezimira komanso fungo lachilendo, lofanana ndi maluwa a mtengo wa sinamoni. Popeza m’chinenero cha kumwera kwa Fujian (Minnanhua) mawu oti “Wáng” (王) amamveka ngati “Huáng” (黄 — “chikasu”), ndipo “Dàn” (淡) — ngati “Dàn/Yǎn” (棪/旦), tiyi anatchidwa Huáng Dàn (黄旦/黄棪) polemekeza mkaziyo.

Malinga ndi nthano yachiwiri, mlimi wa tiyi Wèi Zhēn (魏珍) wa ku Luoyán ankadutsa m’mphepete mwa phiri la Tiānbiān Lǐng (天边岭) ku Běixī (北溪) ndipo anaona mu mpata wa mwala chitsamba chachilendo cha tiyi chachikasu cha golidi. Anatenga nthambi n’kupita nazo kunyumba, n’kuchulukitsa chomeracho mwa njira yokwirira nthambi, n’kupanga tiyi kuchokera m’masamba ake. Pamene anaphika gulu loyamba, fungo linafalikira m’chipinda chonse nkhokwe isanachotsedwe pa kapu: anansi odabwa anatcha tiyi ameneyu “Tòu Tiān Xiāng” (透天香) — “Fungo Lobowola Kumwamba”. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa masamba ndi madzi omwera, tiyi anatchidwa Huáng Dàn.

Mu 1925, wogulitsa tiyi Lín Jīntài (林金泰) anasintha dzina la tiyi kuti atumize kunja ku Southeast Asia: anayamba kutchulidwa Huángjīn Guì (黄金桂), zomwe zinkagogomezera phindu lake. Dzinali linavomerezedwa mwamsanga — pakati pa Achina okhala kunja tiyi ameneyu anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo amalonda ankaseka kuti: “Wokwera mtengo kuposa golidi.”

M’mbiri yaposachedwapa Huángjīn Guì walandira mphoto zingapo za boma. Mu 1982 “Huángjīn Guì Wapadera” wopangidwa ndi kampani ya tiyi ya Anxi anavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda kuti ndi “Chogulitsa Chapamwamba Kwambiri”. Mu 1984 mtundu wa Huáng Dàn unavomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yaikulu Yoyang’anira Mitundu ya Tiyi ya Boma n’kupatsidwa udindo wa mtundu waboma wokhazikika (nambala GS13008-1985). Mu 1985 Huángjīn Guì anapatsidwa “Mphika Wagolidi” wa Unduna wa Zaulimi, Zoweta ndi Nsomba komanso dzina loti “Tiyi Wapadziko Lonse” (中国名茶). Mu 1986 Unduna wa Zamalonda unamupatsa dzina loti “Tiyi Wotchuka Padziko Lonse” (全国名茶).
Dzina:
- “Huángjīn” (黄金, Huángjīn) — “golidi”, “wagolidi”. Limasonyeza mtundu wagolidi wa madzi omwera komanso phindu lalikulu la tiyi: monga fanizo lakuti “wamtengo wapatali ngati golidi”.
- “Guì” (桂, Guì) — “mtengo wa sinamoni”, “osmanthus” (Osmanthus fragrans). Limasonyeza fungo lamaluwa ndi zokometsera, lofanana ndi kuphuka kwa osmanthus.
- Choncho dzina lonse limatanthauza “Osmanthus Wagolidi” kapena “Sinamoni Wagolidi”.
- Mayina ena: Huáng Dàn (黄旦, Huáng Dàn), Huáng Yǎn (黄棪, Huáng Yǎn), komanso mayina andakatulo oti “Qīngmíng Chá” (清明茶 — “Tiyi wa Chikondwerero cha Qingming”, kutanthauza kuphuka mofulumira) ndi “Tòu Tiān Xiāng” (透天香 — “Fungo Lobowola Kumwamba”).
Kufunika Pachikhalidwe: Huángjīn Guì ali ndi malo apadera pakati pa maulungu a ku Anxi. Katswiri wotchuka wa tiyi Chén Chuán (陈椽, Chén Chuán) m’buku lake “Tiyi Wotchuka wa China” (《中国名茶》) anatcha fungo la Huángjīn Guì “lodzetsa chizoloŵezi komanso losayerekezeka. Katswiri wina wamkulu wa sayansi ya tiyi — Zhāng Tiānfú (张天福, Zhāng Tiānfú) — m’buku lake “Maulungu a Fujian” (《福建乌龙茶》) anazindikira “khalidwe lapadera la ‘tòu tiān xiāng’ — fungo lobowola kumwamba”. Kwa mibadwo ya anthu a ku Fujian osamukira kunja (華僑) ku Southeast Asia, Huángjīn Guì anakhala chizindikiro cha kulakalaka kwawo — tiyi amene amawakumbutsa kukoma ndi fungo la kunyumba. Kuwonjezera apo, Huáng Dàn ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa kholo m’kusanja kwamakono: kwenikweni pa maziko ake (monga chimera cha bambo) pakuphatikizana ndi Tiěguānyīn (chimera cha amayi) anasankhidwa mitundu yotchuka ya fungo lapamwamba monga Huáng Guānyīn (黄观音, Huáng Guānyīn), Jīn Guānyīn (金观音, Jīn Guānyīn, yemwenso ndi Minkē-1, 茗科1号), Jīn Mǔdān (金牡丹, Jīn Mǔdān) ndi Huáng Méiguī (黄玫瑰, Huáng Méiguī).

3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Mbeu: Popanga Huángjīn Guì amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Huáng Dàn (黄旦, Huáng Dàn), wolembetsedwa ngati Huá Chá No. 5 (华茶5号). Uwu ndi mtundu wosabereka (wochulukitsidwa ndi mbewu, 无性系), wa gulu la Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Khalidwe la zomera:
- Mtundu wa chomera: Kamtengo kakang’ono (小乔木型, xiǎo qiáomù xíng), gulu la masamba apakati (中叶类), wophuka mofulumira (早芽种, zǎo yá zhǒng).
- Maonekedwe: Wofalikira pang’ono (半开展), wanthambi zambiri, ndi nthambo zazifupi.
- Masamba: Ovala, ochepa komanso ofewa, ndi nsonga yakuthwa ndi m’mphepete mokhotakhota m’mwamba pang’ono. Mtundu wa masamba ndi chikasu chobiriwira ndi chonyezimira. Mano a m’mphepete mwa tsamba ndi akuya ndi akuthwa, mitsempha yam’mbali imaonekera bwino ndipo yambiri.
- Kuphuka: Kuchuluka kwa maphukisi, ndi masamba ophukirana. M’mbali mwake mulibe ubweya wambiri.
- Nthawi ya kukula: Pafupifupi miyezi 8. Imatha kuphuka maluwa, koma kubala zipatso sikuchitika kawirikawiri.
- Kukaniza: Imasinthasintha mosavuta, kukaniza bwino matenda ndi tizirombo, ndipo imakhala ndi zokolola zokwanira.
- Kuyenerera: Ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga ulungu; imakhalanso yoyenera popanga tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira.
Kuthyola: Huáng Dàn ndi mtundu wophuka mofulumira kwambiri pakati pa mitundu inayi ya ku Anxi. Kuphuka kwa masika kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, ndipo kuthyola koyamba kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa April, kupambana mitundu wamba ndi masiku 10 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo Tiěguānyīn ndi pafupifupi masiku 20. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Huángjīn Guì nthawi zambiri amakhala ulungu woyamba wa nyengo yatsopano, motero amatchedwa “Tiyi wa Qingming” (清明茶). Kupatula kuthyola kwa m’masika, kumachitikanso kuthyola kwa m’chilimwe, kwa m’dzinja ndipo nthawi zina kwa m’nyengo yozizira (“chidutswa chachisanu”, 冬片, dōngpiàn). Tiyi wa m’masika ndiye wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Mulingo wothyola: Amathyola pamene mphukira yapamwamba yapanga chithu chikuwunda (驻芽, zhùyá), ndipo tsamba lapamwamba latseguka pa malo a “kutsegula kochepa” (小开面) kapena “kutsegula kwapakati” (中开面) — amakankha mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu. Kuthyola kochepa kwambiri kumatulutsa fungo lochepa komanso kukoma kowawa; kuthyola mopambanitsa kumatulutsa madzi omwera ofooka ndi okhwimba. Nthawi yabwino kothyola ndi kuyambira 14:00 mpaka 16:00, pamene chinyezi m’masamba chimatsika ndipo zinthu zopanga fungo zimasonkhanitsidwa mokwanira.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Mphukira zizikhala zathunthu, zofanana mu kukhwima, zopanda chiswiti chofiirira ndi masamba owonongeka ndi matenda kapena tizirombo. Kuthyola kumachitika m’magulu aang’ono, masamba amaikidwa bwino, osapanikizika, kuti asunge kutsitsimuka ndi kusatha.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Dera: Boma la Anxi lili kumwera chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Fujian, m’chigwa cha mtsinje wa Jinjiang (晋江). Malowa ali ndi zitunda ndi mapiri aatali, osakaniza ndi zigwa zopapatiza zokhala ndi mitsinje — komwe kumapanga malo oyenera kuumba malo aang’ono.
Kutalika kwa minda: Minda yaikulu ya Huángjīn Guì ili pa utali wa 400–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Pakatikati pa kupanga — dera la Huqiu — limakhala pa 400–600 m; minda ina yomwe ili m’madera a Daping ndi Jiandou imafika 700–800 m.
Nyengo: Yamvula yochuluka ya m’madera otentha, ndi chirimwe chotentha komanso chonyowa ndi nyengo yozizira yofewa. Kutentha kwapachaka pakati pa 18–20°C, mvula yapachaka 1500–1800 mm. Kuchuluka kwa nkhungu ndi kuwala kobalalika kumathandiza kuti masamba asonkhane zinthu zopanga fungo komanso kuumba “tòu tiān xiāng” yake.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu (红壤, 黄壤), za asidi (pH 4,5–6,5), zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, zokhala ndi ma micronutrient ochuluka — selenium ndi zinc. Dera lofunika kwambiri la Luoyan-Meizhuang limakhala ndi selenium yochuluka kwambiri m’nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza pa khalidwe la antioxidant la tiyi womalizidwa.

5. Ukadaulo Wopangira:

Ukadaulo wopangira Huángjīn Guì umatsatira dongosolo lonse la maulungu a Minnan, komabe mfundo yaikulu ndi kusamalira mosamalitsa pa sitepe iliyonse: “kufota pang’ono padzuwa, kugwedeza pang’ono, kusunga ubisi” (轻晒轻摇保青). Masamba ochepa, odzaza ndi mafuta onunkhira a Huáng Dàn amasanduka okosidwa mosavuta ndipo amafunikira kagwiridwe kofewa kwambiri kuposa Tiěguānyīn.

Kuthyola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Tafotokoza m’gawo 3.
Kufota padzuwa (晒青, shàiqīng): Masamba othyoledwa amawandika pang’onopang’ono podzuwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Kutaya kulemera kumakhala 5–7% — kochepa kwambiri kuposa Tiěguānyīn. Cholinga ndi kuyambitsa mosamala ndondomeko ya metabolic ndi kuyamba kupanga maziko a fungo.
Kukhazika pamthunzi (凉青, liàngqīng): Masamba amasamutsidwa kuchipinda chamthunzi ndi mpweya wabwino, kumene amakhala ofewa ndi “kupumula” asanafike sitepe yotsatira.
Kugwedeza (摇青, yáoqīng): Mizere yogwedeza mosamalitsa ndi kupumula imayambitsa okosidyo kochepa m’mphepete mwa tsamba. Kwa Huáng Dàn amagwiritsa ntchito kugwedeza kofewa ndi kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa Tiěguānyīn — cholinga ndi kusunga kutsitsimuka (保水保青) ndi kupewa kufiira kopambanitsa kwa m’mphepete (减少红变). Pa sitepe ino ndi pamene khalidwe la maluwa limapangika.
Kukhazika ubisi / “kuphera ubisi” (杀青 / 炒青, shāqīng / chǎoqīng): Kutenthedwa mwachangu pa kutentha kwakukulu kumalekesa zochita za enzyme ndi kukhazikitsa khalidwe la fungo. Kwa Huángjīn Guì amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lakuti “kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi yochepa” (高温短时).
Kukudula (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kukudula mwachangu ndi mofewa (快速轻揉), kumapanga mawonekedwe aatali “ongoka ngati chowotchera” — mosiyana ndi kukudula kotsekemera kwapatheti kwa Tiěguānyīn.
Kuuma koyamba (初烘, chūhōng): Kukhazikitsa koyambirira pa kutentha kwapakati.
Kukonza mwa kukudula (包揉, bāoróu): Kukudulanso m’nsalu kuti asakanikize mawonekedwe — kumachitika mofewa kuposa Tiěguānyīn.
Kuuma ndi kukonzanso (复烘, 复包揉): Kusinthanitsa kutenthetsa ndi kukudula kuti akhale ofanana.
Kuuma komaliza (烘干, hōnggān): Kuuma pang’onopang’ono pa kutentha kochepa (低温慢烘), komwe kumatulutsa zinthu zopanga fungo ndi kupanga “fungo lapamwamba” lomaliza. Njira yowumitsira mosamalitsa iyi ndiye yofunika kuti “tòu tiān xiāng” iwonekere.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ukadaulo wa Huángjīn Guì ndi wa Tiěguānyīn kungafotokozedwe mwamfundo: “kupepuka pa sitepe iliyonse — kusunga madzi ndi ubisi” (轻晒轻摇减少红变，保水保青锁鲜). Zotsatira zake ndi masamba ochepa, osakhwima, owoneka bwino komanso onunkhira kwambiri.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumvetsetsa:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba ndi aatali ongoka ngati chowotchera (细长尖梭形), osakhwima komanso opepuka — opepuka kwambiri kuposa a Tiěguānyīn. Timitengo ndi tating’ono ndi tating’ono. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu chobiriwira mpaka ku chikasu cha golidi ndi chonyezimira ngati mafuta. M’malo a akatswiri maonekedwe ake amafotokozedwa ndi mawu atatu: “chikasu, chochepa, chaching’ono” (黄、薄、细).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lamphamvu — ngakhale atawuma fungo limamveka bwino kwambiri. Mafungo a maluwa a osmanthus (桂花, guìhuā) okhala ndi kanunkhira ka gardenia (栀子花, zhīzihuā), peyala yokhwima ndi pichesi wamadzi (水蜜桃) amalamulira. Fungo limeneli ndilo linayambitsa mwambiwu: “Ukamva fungo — nthawi yomweyo umadziwa kuti ndi Huáng Dàn” (一闻香气而知黄旦).
Fungo la madzi omwera: Lothithima, lapamwamba, lokhalitsa. Maluwa ndi zipatso zokhala ndi mfungo za osmanthus, zowonjezeredwa ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi ndi kanunkhira kochepa kwa zokometsera. Fungo la chivindikiro cha gaiwan (盖香, gàixiāng) ndi lapadera kwambiri — limangotuluka mokakamiza pamene likumana ndi madzi otentha, kusonyeza mphamvu ya “tòu tiān xiāng”.
Kukoma: Koyera, kofewa, kokhala ndi kutsitsimuka ndi mphamvu (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng). Kuthupi ndi kofewa, koma osati kwamadzi — koma “kochepa ndi koterera ngati silika” (醇细). Kutsekemera kumawonekera kuyambira pa kutsanulidwa koyamba, kusanduka kamvedwe kabwino kotalika komanso kowonekera pambuyo pake (回甘, huígān). M’kukoma kumamvekera kanunkhira ka maluwa a osmanthus, mapeyala ndi uchi. Kukakamira n’kochepa kwambiri. Kuwawa m’tiyi wophikidwa moyenera kulibe n’pang’ono pomwe.
Mtundu wa madzi omwera: Wachikasu cha golidi (金黄色), wowala, wonyezimira, wokhala ndi chonyezimira. Akaphikidwa mochepa kwambiri — wokhala ngati mtundu wa udzu.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu otseguka, ochepa ndi aatali. Pakatikati — chikasu chobiriwira, m’mphepete — ndi kafinya kofiira (朱红色). Tsamba ndi lofewa, lothina, ndi mtsempha waukulu wowonekera bwino. M’mphepete mwa tsamba muli mano osazama.

Kuphatikiza kwa ubwino wa kumvetsetsa kwa Huángjīn Guì mwamwambo amafotokozedwa ndi mwambi wakuti “yī zǎo èr qí” (一早二奇) — “chimodzi mwachangu, ziwiri zachilendo”: “mwachangu” ndi kukhwima mwachangu, kuthyola mwachangu ndi kuwonekera mwachangu pamsika; “zachilendo” ndi maonekedwe “achikasu, ofanana, ochepa” (黄、匀、细) ndi khalidwe lamkati “lonunkhira, lachilendo, latsopano” (香、奇、鲜).

7. Ndondomeko Yamankhwala:

Huángjīn Guì ali ndi zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi mphamvu m’thupi. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa labotale:

Polyphenols (ma tannin a tiyi): Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenol a m’tiyi pafupifupi 31,58% ya kulemera kowuma. Gawo lalikulu limapangidwa ndi ma catechin (儿茶素), omwe ali pafupifupi 129,31 mg/g. Ma catechin amapereka mphamvu ya antioxidant komanso amapanga kukakamira pang’ono kwa madzi omwera; chifukwa cha kuthira pang’ono, mu Huángjīn Guì mitundu yosaokosidwa (EGCG, EGC, ECG) imalamulira.
Ma amino acid: Kuchuluka kwake pafupifupi 2782,91 mg/100 g. Pakati pawo gawo lapadera limachitidwa ndi L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), yomwe imapereka kutsekemera kofewa, kamvedwe ka “silika” m’kukoma komanso mphamvu yomasula popanda kugona.
Alkaloids: Kafeini (咖啡碱) — kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa, monga kwa maulungu osathira kwambiri (pafupifupi 2–3% ya kulemera kowuma). Palinso theobromine ndi theophylline pang’ono.
Mafuta onunkhira: Kuchuluka kwa mafuta onunkhira (醚浸出物) pafupifupi 2,09%. Mafuta onunkhirawo ndi amene amachititsa “tòu tiān xiāng” yake yodziwika — fungo lapamwamba lokhalitsa lokhala ndi maluwa a osmanthus, gardenia ndi mapeyala. Kafukufuku wa genome ya Huáng Dàn (Yunivesite ya Zaulimi ya Fujian, 2021) anasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa fungo kumayendetsedwa ndi majini a banja la TPS (terpene synthases), omwe amaonetsa mawu ochuluka komanso kusiyana kwa kalembedwe kake, komwe kuli kwapadera kwa mtundu umenewu.
Zotulutsa zamadzi: Kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa pafupifupi 40,58%, zomwe zimasonyeza kuthithima ndi “kukwanira” kwa madzi omwera.
Mavitamini: Vitamini C, mavitamini a gulu B.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magniziyamu, manganese, fluoride, komanso selenium ndi zinc (makamaka mu tiyi wochokera kudera lapakati la Luoyan ndi nthaka zokhala ndi selenium yambiri).

8. Ubwino Wake:

Mphamvu ya antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa ma catechin (makamaka EGCG) kumathandiza kutsekereza ma free radical mwachangu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, mphamvu ya antioxidant ya Huángjīn Guì ndi yofanana kapena yopambana ndi ya maulungu ena chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenol.
Mphamvu yokulitsa: Kuphatikiza kwa kafeini ndi L-theanine kumatulutsa “mphamvu yofewa” — kumawonjezera chidwi ndi magwiridwe antchito amalingaliro popanda kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwa mitsempha.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Ma polyphenol ndi ma catechin amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa ma enzyme a chakudya, amathandiza kugaya mafuta. Mwamwambo Huángjīn Guì amalangizidwa ngati tiyi woti amwe pambuyo pa chakudya chochuluka: m’machitidwe a China amadziwika ndi mphamvu za “xiāo shí” (消食 — kuthandizira chakudya) ndi “jiě jiǔ” (解酒 — kuchepetsa zotsatira za mowa).
Mphamvu yochotsa kutentha ndi yotsitsimula: M’mankhwala a chikhalidwe cha China amayikidwa m’gulu la zakumwa zomwe zimathandiza “kubalalitsa kutentha kwa mkati” (清热, qīngrè). Amathetsa ludzu bwino pa nyengo yotentha.
Kuthandizira kagayidwe kachakudya: Maulungu onse komanso Huángjīn Guì makamaka amathandizira kukhazikika kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta: kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti amatha kuchepetsa mulingo wa kolestro ndi mafuta osalowerera m’magazi.
Mphamvu yochepetsa nkhawa: L-theanine kuphatikiza ndi fungo lamaluwa lomveka bwino limatulutsa mphamvu yomasula. Mchitidwe womwera tiyi mwachidwi (品茗, pǐnmíng) ndi Huángjīn Guì umawonedwa ngati njira yabwino yochepetsera nkhawa.
Kusamalira khungu: Ma antioxidant (ma polyphenol, vitamini C) amathandiza kuti khungu likhale lothina, ndipo kuchita kwa enzyme ya SOD (superoxide dismutase) pakumwa maulungu pafupipafupi kumachuluka, zomwe zimathandiza mawonekedwe a khungu.

Zindikirani: zomwe tafotokozazi zachokera ku chidziwitso cha miyambo ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku woyambirira. Tiyi si mankhwala.

9. Kuphikira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C. Huángjīn Guì, ngakhale kuti masamba ake ndi ochepa, amatulutsa mphamvu zake zonse za fungo pa kutentha kwakukulu. Madzi osakwana 90°C sangatulutse mafuta onunkhira mokwanira ndikuwonetsa mphamvu ya “tòu tiān xiāng”.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 100–125 ml ya madzi (kalembedwe ka gungfu, 功夫泡). Pa kalembedwe ka kumadzulo ka kuphika — 3 g pa 200–250 ml.
Ziwiya: Gaiwan ya porcelaini yoyera (白瓷盖碗, bái cí gàiwǎn) ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha Huángjīn Guì, popeza porcelaini sathira fungo ndipo imalola kumvetsetsa mokwanira “gàixiāng” (盖香) — fungo la chivindikiro. Mphika wa Yixing wa dongo lofiirira (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) nawonso ndi woyenera — makamaka pa mitundu yowotchera kwambiri.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, khetsani madziwo.
2. Ikani tiyi mu gaiwan, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro, gwedezani pang’ono — fungani fungo la masamba owuma, otenthedwa ndi makoma a ziwiya.
3. Thirani madzi otentha, sambani mwachangu (润茶, rùnchá) kwa masekondi 5, khetsani.
4. Kutsanulira koyamba mpaka kwachinayi: izi ikani kwa masekondi 10–15, khetsani nthawi yomweyo.
5. Kutsanulira kwachisanu ndi koposerapo: wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10.
6. Huángjīn Guì wapamwamba amatha kutsanulira kwanthawi zonse 6–7; pamene pali kutero ngakhale pa zotsanulira zomaliza pansi pa tiyi kumakhalabe ndi fungo lotsalira.
Malangizo ofunika: poyamba kudziwa Huángjīn Guì n’koyenera kuyamba ndi “gàixiāng” yotentha: ikani chivindikiro pamphuno mwamsanga mutatha kukhetsa — ndi momwe mungamvere “fungo lobowola kumwamba”.

10. Kusunga:

Huángjīn Guì wa kalembedwe ka “qīngxiāng” (wothira pang’ono, osawotcha) amasungidwa motsatira malamulo ofanana ndi kusunga tiyi wobiriwira: chotengera chotseka, pouma, popanda fungo lina ndi kuwala kwadzuwa. Kokwanira — m’firiji pa kutentha kwa 0–5°C, m’gawo lapadera, kuti asakumane ndi zakudya zina.

Pa mitundu yowotchera kwambiri (yapakati kapena yamphamvu) n’kovomerezeka kusunga pa kutentha kwa chipinda m’chotengera chotseka ndi chosawonekera, kutali ndi magwero a kutentha. Tiyi wootcha amapirira okosidyo kwambiri ndipo amasunga bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.

Adani akuluakulu a tiyi: chinyezi, kutentha, fungo lachilendo ndi kuwala kwadzuwa.

Huángjīn Guì watsopano wa m’masika amalangizidwa kudikirira pafupifupi milungu iwiri atapangidwa asanamwe — panthawi imeneyi “moto” (火气, huǒqì) wochokera ku kuwotcha umatha ndipo fungo limakhazikika.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

Gulu la mtengo: Huángjīn Guì ali m’gulu lapakati komanso lapamwamba pakati pa maulungu a ku Anxi. Mtengo umadalira zinthu zingapo: nyengo yothyola (ya m’masika ndi yokwera kuposa ya m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja), dera lochokera (tiyi wochokera kudera lapakati la Luoyan ndi wamtengo wapatali), ukadaulo wopangira (pamanja motsutsana ndi makina), mulingo wootcha ndi chaka cha zokolola. Poyerekeza ndi Tiěguānyīn wa gulu lofanana, Huángjīn Guì nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsika mtengo pang’ono, komabe magulu apamwamba kwambiri ochokera ku Luoyan amatha kukhala okwera mtengo mofanana.
Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chomveka chokhudza chiyambi cha tiyi — tingati tafotokozedwa tauni yeniyeni ndi nyengo yothyola.
- Onani kulemera: Huángjīn Guì weniweni ndi wopepuka kwambiri kuposa Tiěguānyīn pa voliyumu yomweyo — masamba ndi osakhwima komanso “ampweya”, osati okhwima ndi olemera.
- Onani fungo: masamba owuma azikhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, loyera, lachilengedwe la maluwa (osmanthus, gardenia, mapeyala) — popanda “kununkhira kwa mankhwala” kapena kanunkhira kochita kupanga.
- Onani madzi omwera: mtundu ukhale wachikasu cha golidi, wonyezimira, wowonekera; madzi omwera obowoka kapena osawala amasonyeza kusakhala bwino.
- Chenjerani ngati mtengo ndi wotsika kwambiri: ngati mtengo uli wotsika kwambiri kuposa wamsika wa maulungu a ku Anxi, ndiye kuti tiyi sanapangidwe kuchokera ku mtundu wa Huáng Dàn kapena anathyoledwa kuminda ya m’zigwa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Huángjīn Guì ali ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ku Anxi anapanga mwambi wakuti: “Usanalawenso kukoma kwakumwamba — wayamba kumva fungo lobowola kumwamba” (未尝天真味，先闻透天香).
Mtundu wa Huáng Dàn unakhala “bambo wagolidi” wa gulu lonse la mitundu yamakono ya fungo lapamwamba: Huáng Guānyīn (105), Jīn Guānyīn / Minkē-1 (204), Jīn Mǔdān (220), Huáng Méiguī (506), Huáng Qí (黄奇), Ruìxiāng (瑞香), Zǐ Méiguī (紫玫瑰) ndi Chūnguī (春闺). Mitundu yonseyi inatengera fungo lapamwamba lodziwika kwa Huáng Dàn.
Mtengo woyamba wa tiyi, wobzalidwa, malinga ndi nthano, ndi Wáng Dàn pafupi ndi nyumba ya mamuna wake, pofika 1967 unali utakula kuposa mamita 2 ndi m’mimba mwake pafupifupi 9 cm ndi korona 1,6 m. Mwatsoka, mtengowo unamwalira chifukwa chosamutsidwa, zomwe zinachitika chifukwa chomanga nyumba.
M’zaka za m’ma 1940, nyumba ya tiyi ya “Jīntài” (金泰茶庄) inkachita malonda ogulitsa Huángjīn Guì kudzera ku Zhangzhou kupita ku Hong Kong ndi Singapore. M’nthawi yotukuka ya katundu wotumiza kunja tiyi ameneyu anali wofunikira kwambiri pakati pa magulu a ku China akumwera a Southeast Asia, motero amalonda ankaseka kuti: “Ndi wokwera mtengo kuposa golidi” — akusintha tanthauzo lenileni la dzina.
Mu 2018, Huáng Dàn anavomerezedwa ndi boma monga mbewu yolembedwa ya kalembedwe katsopano (GPD 茶树（2018）350003), ndipo mu 2021 gulu la ofufuza la Yunivesite ya Zaulimi ya Fujian linayamba kulemba genome yake yonse, ndikupeza kuti kukula kwa genome ndi 2,94 Gb, ndipo kuti gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga khalidwe la fungo lapamwamba limagwiridwa ndi majini ochuluka a banja la terpene synthase.

13. Kufanizira ndi maulungu ena a ku Anxi:

Tiěguānyīn (铁观音, Tiěguānyīn): Ulungu wotchuka kwambiri wa ku Anxi. Amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Tiěguānyīn — wa masamba akulu, wophuka mochedwa. Masamba ake ndi okhwima, olemera pa theka la chigawo chamtundu wa mdima wobiriwira. Fungo lake ndi la okidi, lamphamvu, losanjikika. Kukoma kwake ndi kwa mafuta, kochuluka, kokhala ndi maziko a mchere komanso kamvedwe kotalika pambuyo pake. Huángjīn Guì mosiyana ndi ameneyu ndi wopepuka, wampweya, wokhala ndi fungo lapamwamba komanso “lobowola”, koma kuthupi kosakhwima.
Běnshān (本山, Běnshān): Mtundu wake umaoneka ngati Tiěguānyīn, koma masamba ake ndi ochepa, ndipo matsinde ake ndi ochepa komanso osakhwima. Fungo lake ndi lofewa komanso lochepa kuposa la Tiěguānyīn, kukoma kwake n’kofewa, ndi kanunkhira kwa udzu. Poyerekeza ndi Huángjīn Guì, Běnshān alibe “kuwomba” kwamphamvu kwa maluwa ndipo ali ndi khalidwe losalala komanso lodekha.
Máoxiè (毛蟹, Máoxiè): Anatchidwa motero chifukwa cha tinthu tating’ono ta ubweya pa mphukira, zofanana ndi ubweya wa nkhanu. Amasiyana ndi kanunkhira ka jasmine m’fungo ndi khalidwe lokakamira pang’ono. Masamba ake ndi aang’ono kuposa a Tiěguānyīn, koma okhwima kuposa a Huángjīn Guì. Huángjīn Guì amapambana pa kutalika ndi kuyera kwa fungo, koma amagonja ku Máoxiè pa “thupi” ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwera.
Huáng Guānyīn (黄观音, Huáng Guānyīn): Wosakanizidwa wa Tiěguānyīn × Huáng Dàn, amene anatengera fungo lapamwamba la abambo ake ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi la amayi ake. Pa fungo ali pafupi ndi Huángjīn Guì, koma thupi ndi lodzaza komanso lozungulira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kalembedwe ka maulungu a Minnan komanso popanga yán chá (岩茶) ku Wuyishan.

Pomaliza:

Huángjīn Guì ndi ulungu wovumbulutsa, tiyi wokhala ndi khalidwe lomwe silingasokonezedwe ndi wina aliyense. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi fungo: lapamwamba, loyera, lamaluwa, lomwe limadzaza malo onse kuchokera pa kapu mpaka padenga. Mwa izi sapikisana ndi Tiěguānyīn, koma ali ndi malo akeake: ngati Tiěguānyīn ndi kuzama ndi kusanjikika, ndiye kuti Huángjīn Guì ndi kutalika ndi kuyera.

Tiyi ameneyu ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene kudziwa dziko la maulungu (chifukwa cha khalidwe lomveka bwino, lowala komanso losavuta) komanso kwa odziwa omwe amafunafuna fungo m’mawonekedwe ake oyera ndi apamwamba. Huángjīn Guì wa m’masika wochokera ku Luoyán ndi chimodzi mwa zosangalatsa zoyamba za nyengo yatsopano ya tiyi: mwachangu, onunkhira, owala ngati dzuwa, monga momwe dzina lake limanenera — “Osmanthus Wagolidi”.