Huang Mei Gui · new.thetea.app

Huang Mei Gui (“Rose Wam’tima”) ndi ulong’o wamwala wa ku Wuyi (岩茶, Yán Chá) wachinyamata, koma wodziŵika kale, wopangidwa kupyolera mu kusakaniza kwamasiku ano ndi miyambo ya zaka mazana ambiri ya yánchá. Chizindikiro chake chapadera ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, lachilengedwe la rozi limene limatuluka popanda kuwonjezera maluwa alionse, makamaka chifukwa cha chibadwa cha mtunduwo ndi luso la kukonza. Ngakhale kuti mtunduwo unalembetsedwa mu 2002, Huang Mei Gui inaloŵa m’malo mwa ma ulong’o apamwamba a m’miyala ndikukhala chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa mafakitale a tiyi ku Wuyishan.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Ulun (tiyi wa buluu). Tiyi wamwala (岩茶, Yán Chá). Mulingo wa okisijeni – wapakati (pafupifupi 45%), kuwotcha – kuchokera kufooka mpaka pakati.
Gulu: Ma ulong’o a pa Wuyi apamwamba.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建), mapiri a Wuyi (武夷山), omwe ali m’ndandanda wa malo a cholowa cha dziko la UNESCO. Minda yayikulu ili m’mudzi wa Banyang (半岩) ndi madera oyandikana nawo, pamalo okwera 600–900 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mtundu wa chomera: Chosakanizidwa, chopangidwa mu 2002 ndi Bungwe Lofufuza za Tiyi la Academy of Agricultural Sciences a chigawo cha Fujian (mogwirizana ndi Wuyi Institute of Tea Culture). Makolo ake: Huang Guanyin (黄观音, Huáng Guānyīn) × Huang Dan (黄旦, Huáng Dàn). Zokolola zoyamba zamalonda zinapezeka mu 2013 – patatha zaka 11 kuchokera pamene chosakanizidwachi chinapangidwa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Kupangidwa kwa mtunduwo kunayambika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900 ndi cholinga chokulitsa mitundu ya tiyi ya m’miyala ya ku Wuyi kupitirira ya Da Hong Pao ndi Shui Xian, ndikupanga chomera cha tiyi chokhala ndi fungo lapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwa nyengo yakomweko. Kulembetsa kunachitika mu 2002, koma ulendo wochokera ku labotale kupita ku munda wamalonda unatenga zaka zoposa khumi.

Dzina lakuti “Huang Mei Gui” (黄玫瑰 – “Rose Wam’tima”) limasonyeza mbali ziŵiri zazikulu: fungo lalikulu la rozi la chomeracho ndi mtundu wagolide-amber wa madzi ake. Ndikofunika kutsindika: awa si tiyi wopaka fungo – fungo losiyanali limapangidwa kokha ndi makhalidwe a masamba enieni ndi njira ya kukonza.

Huang Mei Gui inaŵina msanga kuzindikirika: mu 2019 inaŵa yachiŵiri m’gulu la “Fungo Labwino Kwambiri” pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa Tea Masters Cup. Tiyiyi imatumizidwa kumayiko ambiri monga mtundu wapamwamba, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa ma ulong’o ochepa a ku Wuyi omwe ali ndi tsatifiketi ya halal, zomwe zimatsegula misika ya mayiko achisilamu.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu wa chomera: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, chosakanizidwa cha Huang Guanyin × Huang Dan. Zitsamba zotalika mwachilingana (1–1.8 m) zokhala ndi mphukira zokulira molunjika.
Masamba: Aakulu, owoneka ngati chozungulira, autali 8–12 cm ndi m’lifupi 3–4 cm, akhakhala ndi nkhope yobiriŵira kwambiri yonyezimira, mitsempha yowoneka bwino ndi m’mphepete mwamano.
Kukolola: Kwa manja, mu April–May. Muyeso ndi mphukira ndi masamba aŵiri a pamwamba (一芽二叶). Kukolola koyamba kwa masika kumalemekezedwa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kukolola, masamba amasankhidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi kukula, mtundu ndi kusinthasintha.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zopangira zapamwamba zokha zochokera m’minda yotsatiridwa ya ku Wuyi. Kuti mizu ikhale yolimba komanso kukoma kwake kukhale kwakuzama, nthawi zina zitsamba zazikulu za mitengo zazaka zoposa 30 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

4. Malo ndi Zinthu Zake za Kulima:

Dera: Mapiri a Wuyi, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Fujian. Malo a cholowa cha dziko la UNESCO. Malo aakulu ndi mudzi wa Banyang (半岩), minda ya m’materasi pakati pa miyala.
Kutalika: 600–900 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Geology ndi nthaka: Miyala yophulika ndi yokhazikika, makamaka miyala ya mchenga ya quartz, yodzala ndi okisijeni wa iron. Nthaka za acidic zamiyala zokhala ndi madzi obvunda bwino zimapereka “nyimbo ya mwala” (岩韵, Yán Yùn) yodziŵika.
Nyengo: Chikatikati cha mvula ya monsoon. Kutentha kwapachaka pafupifupi ~18°C, mvula ~2000 mm/pachaka, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ~10°C. Chifunga – koposa masiku 100–150 pachaka, kumachedwetsa kukula kwa masamba ndikuthandizira kusonkhanitsa zopangira fungo.
Hydrology: Minda imathiliridwa ndi madzi a akasupe.
Ulimi: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi mfundo za biodynamics; mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi oletsedwa, feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magulu a kunja atha kukhala ndi tsatifiketi ya EU Organic, USDA Organic.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo ukutsata malamulo a ma yánchá a ku Wuyi, ndi cholinga chosunga fungo la maluwa:

Kukolola (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Kwa manja, mphukira + masamba aŵiri.
Kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Poyamba padzuŵa (~ola limodzi), kenako m’nyumba ndi mpweya wolamulidwa (~maora 8). Kutaya kwa chinyezi ~30%.
Kugwedeza ndi kupwetsa (摇青, yáo qīng): Kugwedeza pakanthawi ndi kupwetsa ndi manja kapena m’ng’oma zansungwi. Kuwonongeka kwa m’mphepete mwa tsamba kumayambitsa okisijeni. Kutentha ~25°C, chinyezi >85%.
Kuthira (发酵, fājiào): Oksijeni wolamulidwa mpaka pafupifupi 45%. Mmisiri amatsata kusintha kwa fungo ndi maonekedwe a tsamba.
“Kupha zobiriŵira” (杀青, shā qīng): Kuwotcha mwachangu mu zitsulo za chitsulo pa ~280°C (~masekondi 90).
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupanga maonekedwe a yánchá a zingwe zopota motalikira. Nthawi zambiri ndi manja.
Kuyanika ndi kuwotcha (烘干/焙火, hōnggān/bèihuǒ): Kuwotcha mosamala m’magawo angapo pa makala amitengo (nthawi zambiri longan / 龙眼) pa kutentha kochepetsetsa (~80°C). Nthawi yonse – mpaka maora 20. Kuwotcha kwa magawo aŵiri pa kutentha kwapakati kumathandiza kusunga fungo losalimba la maluwa, ndikupereka tanthauzo laling’ono la “moto”.
Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Kuchotsa matsinde ndi masamba owonongeka.

6. Zikhumbumtima za Zomverera:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Zingwe zazikulu zopota motalikira za mtundu wakuda kwambiri kapena pafupifupi ngati wa makala, zokhala ndi mitsempha yagolide ndi yofiira. Tsamba ndi lolimba, lolemera.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Labwino kwambiri, lovuta – rozi, orchid, hyacinth; kuwonjezeredwa ndi tanthauzo la caramel, uchi, phala la mkungudza ndi zazing’ono za mtedza.
Fungo la chomeracho: Lamphamvu, ndi rozi ndi orchid (Dendrobium) zikulongosola, zoonjezera za vanilla caramel ndi zipatso zotentha. Limakhalapobe pamagawo ambiri a madzi.
Kukoma: Kofewa, kotakasa, kophimba. Tanthauzo la uchi ndi zipatso (pichesi), kutsekemera kwa maluwa, kumveka kwa mchere (Yán Yùn), kukoma pang’ono. Kukoma kotsalira kwanthaŵi yaitali kotsitsimula ndi tanthauzo la citronella. Kuthekera kwake nkosalala, kwamafuta.
Mtundu wa chomeracho: Wowonekera, wonyezimira, kuchokera wagolide-amber mpaka amber-topazi yokhala ndi kuwala ngati ngale.
Pansi pa tiyi: Masamba aakulu osasweka a mtundu wobiriŵira kwambiri, okhala ndi m’mphepete mwake wa mtundu wofiira-bulauni, ofewa ndi osalala.

7. Zomwe Zili M’katikati:

Polyphenols: Pafupifupi 8–15% ya kulemera kwake kouma, kuphatikizapo makatekini (EGCG) ndi flavonoids. Theaflavins ndi thearubigins zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya kuthira.
Amino acids: L-theanine (~0.8%) – mulingo wapamwamba kuposa wapakati pa ma ulong’o a ku Wuyi. Zimachititsa kukoma kwa umami ndi kumasula.
Alkaloids: Kafeini (~1.2–3%), theobromine, theophylline.
Mchere: Calcium (~120 mg/100 g), magnesium (~85 mg/100 g), potaziyamu (~55 mg/100 g), iron, manganese, fluoride – mulingo wapamwamba ochokera m’nthaka za ku Wuyi.
Saponins: Pafupifupi 0.5%, zothandizira chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mafuta onunkhira: Zinthu zosakhalitsa zonunkhira, kuphatikizapo rosocyanin (C₁₅H₁₀O₆), zomwe zimakhudza kukoma kotsalira kodziŵika.
Mavitamini: Magulu B, C, PP.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Polyphenols imalepheretsa ma free radicals.
Kuwongolera chakudya ndi metabolism: Kuyambitsa kagwiridwe ka kagayidwe kakudya, kagayidwe ka mafuta. M’mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China (TCM) – kukhazikitsa “kutentha kwachinyezi” kwa m’mimba.
Mphamvu zolimbikitsa ndi kusinthasintha kwathupi: Kafeini + L-theanine zimapereka mphamvu zofewa popanda kupsinjika. Amatchuka ngati “stimulator wa kuzindikira” pakati pa ogwira ntchito zanzeru.
Zochita zochepetsera uric acid: Umboni woletsa xanthine oxidase, ndikuchepetsa mulingo wa uric acid.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Kukhazikitsa mulingo wa cholesterol, kulimbitsa mitsempha.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Gulu la mavitamini, mchere ndi saponins.

9. Kuphika:

Njira ya Gongfu Cha ikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonetse bwino mphamvu zake:

Chombo: Gaiwan wadothi (wamakonda kuti fungo likhale loyera) kapena mbale ya Yixing, 100–150 ml.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g.
Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Madzi ofewa osefedwa.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi owira.
2. Ikani tiyi, thirani madzi ndipo tsanulani nthawi yomweyo (kutsuka).
3. Kutentha koyamba – masekondi 10–15, kenako muwonjezereko ndi masekondi 5–10.
4. Imapirira kutentha kokwana 5–8. Kuchotsa kwakukulu kwa mankhwala a phenolic kumachitika pa kutentha kwachitatu (~masekondi 25, ~92°C).
Njira ya ku Ulaya: 3–4 g pa 200–250 ml, 90–95°C, mphindi 2–3, kuphika ka 2–3.
Ulangizi: Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuyesa chomeracho chitazizilitsidwa mpaka 35–40°C kuti azindikire tanthauzo linalake la fungo.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe chosadzaza ndi kuwala (chitini, thumba lovacuum). Kupaka kaŵiri n’koyenera.
Malo ouma, ozizira (pansi pa 20°C), amdima, opanda fungo lina. Chinyezi – osapitirira 45–50%.
Nthawi ya kusunga: kufika miyezi 24–36 mu paketi yosatsegulidwa. Mitundu yoponderezedwa – motalikirapo, ndi kukula kwa tanthauzo latsopano.
Chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka: kutha kwa fungo la maluwa, kuonekera kwa tanthauzo lofuka, lafumbi kapena lowawasa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:

Huang Mei Gui ndi ulong’o wamwala wapamwamba. Pa msika wa ku Russia, mtengo wa 50 g umayambira 900 rubles (mkhalidwe wamba) kufika ku 3000–4500+ rubles pamagulu apamwamba.

Momwe mungazindikire chonamizira:

Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ($5–10 pa 50 g) ndi chizindikiro chosakhulupirika.
Masamba osweka, fumbi, matsinde m’malo mwa zingwe zosalongosoka.
Fungo lamphamvu, lothira “mafuta onunkhira” la rozi – chizindikiro cha konkozera mwachinyengo. Huang Mei Gui weniweni alibe maluwa owonjezera.
Kukoma kosakanika, kotha mwachangu ndi kuwawa kapena kukoma kwa mankhwala.
Chizindikiro chodalirika cha uve: tinthu tating’ono ta makala pa masamba (kutsalira kwa kutentha kwa makala) ndi tsatifiketi za chiyambi (Wuyishan Tea Exchange).

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Dzina lakuti “Rose Wam’tima” linaperekedwa kwa tiyi kokha chifukwa cha fungo – popanda kuwonjezera maluwa.
Malo achiŵiri m’gulu la “Fungo Labwino Kwambiri” pa Tea Masters Cup 2019.
Imodzi mwa ma ulong’o ochepa a ku Wuyi omwe ali ndi tsatifiketi ya halal.
Chotsitsa cha tiyiyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma cosmetology (masiki a khungu lamavuto) ndi kupanga ma supplements.
Imagulitsidwa m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yomasulidwa yachikale, yoponderezedwa mu ma pancakes (~200 g), tiyi wozizira wa m’botolo, chotsitsa cha m’makapisozi.
Imatchuka pakati pa omvera nyimbo ngati chakumwa chomwe chimathandiza kuzindikira bwino tanthauzo la phokoso.

13. Malo m’katikati mwa Yánchá:

Huang Mei Gui ali ndi malo apakati mu dongosolo la tiyi ya m’miyala ya ku Wuyi: malinga ndi mulingo wa okisijeni ndi mkhalidwe wa kuwotcha, ali pafupi ndi mitundu yopepuka, yonunkhira bwino (Shui Jin Gui, Bai Ji Guan), kusiyana ndi yakuda, yowotcha kwambiri (Da Hong Pao, Rou Gui). Malinga ndi kutsata fungo, akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi ma ulong’o a ku Anxi (Tieguanyin) kuposa yánchá yachikale, pamene akusungabe kukoma kwa mchere (Yán Yùn) kodziŵika kwa ku Wuyi.

14. Zotsutsana Zomwe Zingachitike:

Kusamvana kwaumwini.
Kukula kwa matenda a m’mimba (chilonda cha m’mimba chokhala ndi asidi wochuluka, zilonda zam’mimba, GERD).
Matenda amiyala yamkodzo pa nthawi yovuta.
Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa – kuletsa ku makapu 1–2 patsiku.
Kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kafeini (kusowa tulo, kugunda kwa mtima mopitirira muyeso).
Mochenjera ngati mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi ndi MAO inhibitors.

Pomaliza:

Huang Mei Gui ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe kusakaniza kwamasiku ano kungalemekezere miyambo ya zaka mazana ambiri, popanda kuphwanya tanthauzo lake. Mtundu wachinyamatawu, wobadwira m’mpanda wa bungwe la sayansi ndi kulimidwa m’minda ya m’materasi ya ku Banyang pakati pa miyala yakale ya ku Wuyi, umanyamula mzimu wa luso latsopano komanso “khalidwe lenileni la mwala”. Fungo lake losaŵirikika la rozi-uchi, kukoma kofewa kwamitundumitundu ndi kukoma kotsalira kwakuya kwa mchere kumapangitsa Huang Mei Gui kukhala chimodzi mwa zotsegula zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’dziko la yánchá mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi.