Huá Gāng Wūlóng · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Oolong (nthawi zambiri wochepa fermentation, pafupi ndi tiyi wobiriwira, mulingo wa oxidation pafupifupi 10-25%).
Gulu: Tiyi wa Oolong wa ku Taiwan wamapiri (Gao Shan Cha).
Chiyambi: Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān), chigawo cha Nantou (南投縣, Nántóu Xiàn), mapiri a Li Shan (梨山, Lí Shān), makamaka phiri la Hua Gang (華崗/华冈, Huá Gāng).
Malo ake: Pafupifupi 24°08’ kumpoto, 121°17’ kummawa (kwa phiri la Hua Gang).

2. Mbiri ndi Tchutchutchaku:

Mbiri: Monga tiyi wina wa Oolong wa pamapiri a Taiwan, Hua Gang Oolong ndi tiyi watsopano. Mbiri yake inayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1980, pamene alimi a tiyi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito madera apamwamba a Taiwan pofufuza malo ena abwino olimira Oolong. Dera la Hua Gang, lomwe lili pamalo okwera kwambiri m’mapiri a Li Shan, linakhala labwino kwambiri pa njirayi.
Dzina:
- “Hua Gang” (華崗/华冈) ndi dzina la phiri limene tiyi amalimako. “Hua” (华/華) angatanthauzedwe kuti “kuphuka”, “wokongola”, “wachi China”, ndipo “Gang” (冈/崗) - “phiri”, “mzere wa mapiri”. Pamodzi - “Phiri Lophuka” kapena “Phiri Lokongola”.
- “Wūlóng” (乌龙) - “chinjoka chakuda”, dzina la tiyi wosakanizidwa wa fermentation.
Tchutchutchaku: Hua Gang Oolong amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yolemekezeka komanso yodula kwambiri ya Oolong wa pamapiri a Taiwan. Amalemekezedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake koyera, kwatsopano, fungo la maluwa lowala, ndi kutha kuphikidwa kambirimbiri. Tiyi uyu ndi udindo wa deralo ndipo amakondedwa kwambiri ku Taiwan ndi kunja.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu: Pakupanga Hua Gang Oolong, makamaka mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Qīng Xīn Wūlóng (青心乌龙, Qīng Xīn Wūlóng): “Mtima Wobiriwira Wūlóng” - ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa Oolong wa pamapiri a Taiwan, wodziwika ndi fungo lake la maluwa.
- Jīn Xiān (金萱, Jīn Xiān): “Duwa la Golide” (wodziwikanso kuti “Mkaka Oolong No. 12”). Mtundu uwu unapangidwa ku Taiwan ndipo umadziwika ndi fungo lofatsa la mkaka (mwachilengedwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri).
- Cuì Yù (翠玉, Cuì Yù): “Limphasa” (wodziwikanso kuti “Oolong No. 13”). Amalemekezedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwatsopano ndi fungo.
Kuthyola: Kuthyola kumachitika makamaka m’chaka ndi m’nyengo yozizira. Hua Gang wa m’chaka ndiye amalemekezedwa kwambiri, ndipo wa m’nyengo yozizira ndiye ali ndi fungo lolimba, koma kukoma kwachepako.
Muyeso wa kuthyola: Amathyola mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu apamwamba.
Zofunikira za zopangira: Ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito masamba aang’ono, osawonongeka, athanzi, ndi mphukira zokha.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Dera la mapiri a Hua Gang: Derali ndi gawo la mapiri a Li Shan ndipo limadziwika ndi malo a minda ya tiyi okwezeka kwambiri, kutsatira Da Yu Ling pokhala malo okwezeka kwambiri ku Taiwan.
Kutalika kwa malo: Minda ya tiyi ili pamtunda wa 1800 mpaka 2500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa tiyi uyu kukhala m’modzi mwa okwera kwambiri ku Taiwan. Ndiko kutalika kwa malo (tiyi wa Gao Shan) kumamupatsa makhalidwe ake apadera.
Dothi: Dothi m’dera la Hua Gang lili ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo ndi mchere. Madzi amayenda bwino.
Nyengo: Nyengo yatsopano yokhala ndi kutentha kozizira, chinyezi chochuluka, chifunga chambiri, masiku ambiri a dzuwa, ndi kusinthana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku. Kutentha kwapachaka kuli pafupifupi 12-15°C (pamtunda wopitirira 2000 m). Nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira, nthawi zina ndi chipale chofewa. Zinthu zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kukula kochepa kwa masamba a tiyi ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa zinthu zopatsa fungo ndi ma amino acid.
Chifunga: Chifunga chambiri chimakutira minda ya tiyi, kuteteza masamba ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kofulumira, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofatsa ndi kuwapatsa kukoma kotsekemera kwapadera.
Chilengedwe: Dera la Hua Gang limadziwika ndi chilengedwe chaukhondo, chomwe chimathandiza kuti tiyi akhale wabwino.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kuthyola (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Tafotokoza pamwambapa. Amachitidwa ndi manja.
Kufooketsa (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Masamba othyoledwa amayalidwa panja (nthawi zambiri m’mithunzi) kapena m’chipinda. Gawo ili limatenga kuyambira maola angapo mpaka tsiku limodzi, malinga ndi nyengo ndi chinyezi. Cholinga ndikuchotsa mbali ya chinyezi m’masamba, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofewa ndikuyambitsa njira ya fermentation.
Kugwedeza (摇青 - yáo qīng): Masamba amagwedezeka mwakachetechete ndi kusakanizidwa pa matayala a nsungwi kuti njira ya oxidation iyambe. Gawo ili limachitidwa kangapo ndi nthawi ya “kupumula” kwa masamba. Kwa Hua Gang Oolong, kugwedeza nthawi zambiri kumachitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti masamba asungike atcheru ndi fungo lapamtima.
Fermentation (发酵 - fājiào): Njira ya oxidation yomwe imachitika panthawi ya kugwedeza ndi “kupumula” kwa masamba. Hua Gang Oolong ndi Oolong wochepa fermentation, ndipo mlingo wake wa fermentation nthawi zambiri supitirira 10-25%. Izi zimathandiza kusunga kutsitsimutsa ndi maluwa mufungo la tiyi.
“Kupha obiriwira” (杀青 - shā qīng): Kuwotchera pa kutentha kwakukulu kuletsa njira ya fermentation.
Kukulunga (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Masamba amakulungidwa, kuwapatsa mawonekedwe a semi-spherical.
Kuumitsa (烘干 - hōnggān): Tiyi amawumitsa kuti achotse chinyezi ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe.
Kusankha (分级 - fēnjí): Tiyi wokonzeka amayengedwa malinga ndi kukula ndi mtundu wake.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba okulungidwa molimba mu mawonekedwe a semi-spheres kapena granules, kukula kwapakati mpaka kwakukulu. Mtundu wochokera ku emerald-green mpaka dark-green, wonyezimira pang’ono. Pakhoza kukhalapo tipisi (mphukira) zokutidwa ndi ubwebwe utherere.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Latsopano kwambiri, lowala, ndi maluwa odziwika (orchid, gardenia, lily of the valley), mkaka, zipatso (pichesi, litchi, mavwende), ndi zitsamba. Nthawi zina mungamve fungo la singano ndi mtedza. Fungo lapadera la “pamapiri” - loyera, lozizira, ndi fungo la mphepo ya pamapiri ndi chifunga, madambo a alpine. Ndi Hua Gang Oolong, fungo lake nthawi zambiri limakhala lolimba komanso “loyera” kwambiri.
Fungo la infusion: Lolemera, la maluwa, lotsekemera, ndi fungo la mkaka, zipatso, zitsamba, ndi uchi. Lolimbikira kwambiri komanso “lamoyo”. Mufungo la Hua Gang Oolong, nthawi zambiri kuzizira kumawoneka kwambiri kuposa tiyi wina wa pamapiri.
Kukoma: Kofatsa kwambiri, kofewa, kokutira, kotsekemera, ndi kumva kowawa pang’ono komanso kotsitsimutsa, ndi kutalika kwa kulawa pambuyo. M’malawi amaluwa, ndi maluwa ambiri, ndi mkaka, zipatso, zitsamba, nthawi zina ndi kuwala pang’ono. Tiyi wa pamapiri, kuphatikiza Hua Gang, ali ndi “kutsekemera ndi kufewa” kwapadera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid, komanso “nyimbo ya pamapiri” - kumva kovuta kufotokoza. Kukoma kwa Hua Gang Oolong nthawi zambiri kumakhala “kozipa” ndi kotsitsimutsa kwambiri kuposa tiyi wina wa pamapiri.
Mtundu wa infusion: Wachikasu chofewa, golden-green, woyera, wowala.
Pansi pa chikho (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, opukuta, atseguka pambuyo pa kuphika, amtundu wa emerald-green.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Tiyi:

Hua Gang Oolong ali ndi zinthu zambiri:

Polyphenols (catechins): Ma antioxidants amphamvu.
Amino acids: Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma amino acid, makamaka L-theanine, yomwe imapangitsa kukoma kotsekemera kwa tiyi ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika.
Mavitamini: C, gulu B, E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, fluoride, maganeziyam, manganese.
Kafeini: Mlingo wa kafeini uli pakati.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Ntchito ya antioxidant: Imateteza maselo ku mapweteka ochokera ku ma free radicals, imachedwetsa njira za ukalamba.
Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Imawonjezera kupikisana kwa thupi ndi matenda.
Kuthandiza chimbudzi: Imalimbikitsa chimbudzi, imathandiza kuyamwa kwa chakudya.
Kulimbitsa mphamvu: Imalimbikitsa mofatsa, imathandiza kukhazikika maganizo, kuchotsa kutopa.
Kukhazikika: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa L-theanine, Hua Gang oolong amathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa, kukhazikika mtima, kumathandiza kupumula.
Kutsitsimutsa: Amathetsa ludzu bwino, makamaka masiku otentha.
Mzemvu ndi mitsempha: Angathandize kuchepetsa mlingo wa “cholesterol yoyipa”, kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha.
Kukhazikika kwa thanzi la khungu: Kupyolera mu ma antioxidants ndi mavitamini, tiyi amathandiza kukhazikika mtundu wa nkhope, kawonjezero wa elasticity wa khungu.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85-95°C (malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi mphamvu yomwe mukufuna). Kwa zokolola za m’chaka zofewa kwambiri ndi tiyi wochokera ku mphukira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a 80-85°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5-7 gramu pa 150-200 ml a madzi.
Zida: Gaiwan, kapu ya dongo la Yixing, kapena zida za porcelain.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani zida ndi madzi otentha.
2. Ikani tiyi mu gaiwan kapena kapu.
3. Dzazani tiyi ndi madzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsani madzi oyamba (kutsukidwa kwa tiyi).
4. Dzazaninso tiyi ndi madzi ndipo loleni kukhala kwa masekondi 30 - 1 miniti (kuthira koyamba).
5. Tsanulani infusion mu makapu.
6. Bwerezani kuphika kasanu ndi kawiri (nthawi zina kupitirira), ndikuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yokhala ndi masekondi 15-30 pa kuthira kulikonse kotsatira.

10. Kusunga:

Hua Gang oolong ayenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma, ozizira, amdima, mu chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, kutali ndi fungo lina. Mwabwino - mu furiji, pachipinda chake.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Hua Gang oolong ndi wa m’gulu la Oolong wamapiri apamwamba a Taiwan ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala wodula kwambiri. Mtengo wake umadalira mtundu wa masamba, kutalika kwa malo (pamwamba pokwera, ndiye kuti wodula), nyengo yokolola (wa m’chaka ndi wodula), mbiri ya wopanga, komanso malo enieni m’dera la Hua Gang ndi malo ogulira. Ndi tiyi wodula kwambiri wopangidwa pa phiri la Li Shan.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika: Pezani masitolo apadera a tiyi ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe angakupatseni zambiri za chiyambi cha tiyi.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wotsika kwambiri uyenera kukudodometsani. Hua Gang oolong weniweni sangakhale wotsika mtengo.
Yang’anani bwino maonekedwe: Masamba a tiyi ayenera kukhala okulungidwa molimba, amtundu wofanana, opanda zidutswa ndi fumbi.
Yesani fungo: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi fungo loyera, latsopano, la maluwa ndi maonekedwe apadera a pamapiri.
Onani infusion: Mtundu wa infusion uyenera kukhala wachikasu chofewa kapena golden-green, woyera.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Mmodzi mwa okwera kwambiri: Hua Gang ndi amodzi mwa madera a tiyi okwera kwambiri ku Taiwan, zomwe zimapatsa tiyi uyu makhalidwe apadera.
Kupanga kochepa: Kupanga kwa Hua Gang oolong ndi kochepa chifukwa cha malo ochepa a minda ya pamapiri omwe ali oyenera kulima tiyi, ndi nyengo yovuta.
“Kwambiri kuposa Alishan”: Minda ina m’dera la Hua Gang ili pamwamba kuposa ku Alishan yotchuka, ndipo tiyi wochokera kumeneko amaonedwa kuti ndi wosowa komanso wamtengo wapatali.
“Mfumu ya Li Shan”: Hua Gang Oolong nthawi zambiri amatchedwa “Mfumu ya Li Shan” chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apamwamba ndi mtengo wokwera, woposa tiyi wina wopangidwa pa phiri limeneli.

13. Mitundu ya Hua Gang Oolong:

Malinga ndi malo othyolera m’deralo:
- Hua Gang Wapamwamba (Mbali yapamwamba ya phiri): Amaonedwa kuti ndi dera labwino kwambiri komanso lokwera kwambiri. Tiyi wochokera kuno amadziwika ndi kukoma ndi fungo lofewa, komanso mtengo wokwera.
- Hua Gang Wapakati ndi Wapansi: Nawonso ndi madera otchuka, koma tiyi angakhale wosakhwima pang’ono poyerekeza ndi wa minda yapamwamba.
Malinga ndi mtundu:
- Qīng Xīn Wūlóng (青心乌龙): Wofala kwambiri.
- Jīn Xiān (金萱): Osati kawirikawiri, koma amapezeka.
- Cuì Yù (翠玉): Osati kawirikawirinso.
Malinga ndi nyengo yokolola:
- Tiyi wa m’chaka (春茶, Chūn Chá): Wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, wokhala ndi kukoma ndi fungo lofewa.
- Tiyi wa m’nyengo yozizira (冬茶, Dōng Chá): Amalemekezedwanso kwambiri, ali ndi kukoma ndi fungo lolemera.
- Wa m’chilimwe ndi m’nyengo ya dengu: Osalemekezedwa kwambiri.
Malinga ndi mlingo wa kuwotchera: Nthawi zambiri, Hua Gang Oolong sawotcheredwa kwambiri kuti asunge kutsitsimutsa ndi maluwa. Pali mitundu yowotcheredwa pang’ono kapena kwapakati.

14. Kuyerekeza ndi Oolong Ena a Pamapiri:

Alishan (阿里山): Hua Gang nthawi zambiri amayerekezedwa ndi Alishan oolong, chifukwa tiyi onsewa ndi a Oolong a pamapiri a Taiwan ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana. Komabe, Hua Gang nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukoma kokhazikika, “kozipa” komanso “koyera”, ndi maluwa owoneka bwino, pomwe Alishan angakhale ndi mkaka pang’ono ndi zipatso. Hua Gang nthawi zambiri amakhala wodula chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu kwa malo ndi kupanga kochepa.
Li Shan (梨山): Li Shan ndi dera lina lotchuka la pamapiri, lomwe Hua Gang ndi gawo lake. Pa zonse, tiyi wa madera awa amafanana kwambiri, koma Hua Gang nthawi zambiri amakhala wodula chifukwa cha kutalika kwapansi kwa malo ndi, chifukwa chake, kupanga kochepa.
Da Yu Ling (大禹嶺): Da Yu Ling ndi dera la tiyi lokwera kwambiri ku Taiwan (kupitirira 2600 m). Tiyi wochokera kumeneko amadziwika ndi kukoma kofewa komanso kosakhwima, komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Hua Gang angaganizidwe kuti ndi “mng’ono” wa Da Yu Ling, wokhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana, koma osawoneka kwambiri.
Dong Ding (冻顶): Dong Ding ndi Oolong wowotcheredwa kwapakati, wokhala ndi kukoma kolemera, komwe kumakhala ndi mtedza ndi caramel. Hua Gang ndi tiyi wopepuka komanso watsopano wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri.

15. Chikhalidwe cha Kumwera:

Gong Fu Cha: Hua Gang oolong, monganso Oolong wina wa pamapiri a Taiwan, ndi woyenera kuphika pa njira ya Gong Fu Cha - mwambo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi waku China. Njirayi imathandiza kuti kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi ziwonetsedwe mokwanira, komanso kusangalalira ndi njirayo yokha.
Zida: Pophika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gaiwan kapena kapu yaing’ono ya dongo la Yixing. Zida za galasi zowonekera bwino zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti muzisangalala ndi kukongola kwa masamba osatseguka.
Kusakaniza ndi chakudya: Hua Gang oolong sikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza ndi chakudya, kuti musasocheretse kukoma kwake kofewa ndi fungo. Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kumwedwa payekha, kusangalalira ndi sip yense.
Nthawi ya tsiku: Tiyi uyu angamwedwe nthawi ina iliyonse ya tsiku, koma ndi wabwino makamaka m’mawa ndi masana, chifukwa amakhala ndi mphamvu zofatsa zolimbitsa.

Pomaliza:

Hua Gang oolong ndi tiyi wapamwamba wamapiri wokhala ndi chilengedwe chapadera, chopangidwa ndi kutsitsimuka kwa mphepo ya pamapiri, fungo la maluwa a alpine, ndi kuzizira kwa chifunga. Masamba ake ofewa, okulungidwa, olimidwa pa mabalo a “Phiri Lophuka” pamtunda wodabwitsa, amapereka infusion ndi fungo la maluwa ofewa, kukoma kotsekemera, kotsitsimutsa, ndi kutalika kwa kulawa kosaiwalika. Kupima Hua Gang oolong weniweni ndiye kutsegulira dziko lodabwitsa la Oolong wa ku Taiwan, kumva mphamvu za pamapiri, ndi kusangalalira ndi luso la tiyi lenileni. Tiyi uyu ndi woyenera kwambiri pa kumwera tsiku ndi tsiku komanso pa zochitika zapadera, pamene mukufuna kudzikondweretsa ndi china chapadera ndi chosakhwima. Hua Gang oolong angakupatseni osati chisangalalo cha kukoma kokha, komanso chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano, mtendere, ndi chete cha mkati.