Guìhuā Xiāng Dāncóng · new.thetea.app

Guìhuā Xiāng Dāncóng ndi imodzi mwa mitundu khumi ya fungo yodziwika bwino (十大香型, shí dà xiāngxíng) ya fènghuáng dāncóng, yomwe masamba ake owuma ndi madzi ake amatulutsa fungo lolongosoka ngati lamaluwa a osamantasi akugwa m’minda ya m’dzinja. Popanda ngakhale kagalamu kamodzi ka maluwa owonjezeredwa — chimenecho n’chimodzimodzi ndi luso la nthaka, chibadwa ndi luso la wopanga tiyi — tiyi ameneyu amabwereza fungo lokoma ngati uchi, lonunkhira pang’ono la maluwa agolide a guìhuā (桂花) moona kwambiri moti nthawi yoyamba kukumana naye kumadzetsa kukayikira. Komabe, si tiyi wonunkhiritsidwa, koma dāncóng weniweni — “chitsamba chokha”, chimene chimalimidwa, kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kukonzedwa motsatira mfundo yakuti “chitsamba chimodzi — kukoma kumodzi”.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Ulun (tiyi wofiyizidwa pang’ono, 青茶, qīngchá). Mulingo wa okosijeni ndi wapakati mpaka wapamwamba kwambiri, pafupifupi 30–50%, ndi kukazinga kotsiriza (焙火, bèihuǒ) kosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mmene wopanga amapangira.
Gulu: Maulun aku Guangdong. Fènghuáng Dāncóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng) — imodzi mwa mitundu khumi ya fungo ngati maluwa ndi uchi (十大花蜜香型, shí dà huā mì xiāngxíng). Ili m’gulu la mitundu yamtengo wapatali yotchulidwa ndi mayina awo (珍贵名丛, zhēnguì míngcóng).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng shěng), mzinda wa Chaozhou (潮州市, Cháozhōu shì), dera la Chao’an (潮安区, Cháo’ān qū), tawuni ya Fenghuang (凤凰镇, Fènghuáng zhèn), mapiri a Fenghuangshan (凤凰山, Fènghuáng shān). Mtengo wa amayi wa Guìhuā Xiāng (桂花香) umamera m’minda ya tiyi ya mudzi wa Liziping (李仔坪村, Lǐzǎipíng cūn) m’chigawo cha Wudong (乌岽管区, Wūdǒng guǎnqū) — chimene ndi malo apamwamba amene amalimidwa tiyi wa Fenghuang ali. Mu 2010, fènghuáng dāncóng analandira udindo wa chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).
Malo: Pafupifupi 23°52′ kumpoto, 116°43′ kum’mawa (Wudongshan, pamwamba pa Fenghuangshan).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya fènghuáng dāncóng imagwirizana ndi nthano ya mfumu yomaliza ya Southern Song — Zhao Bing (赵昺, Zhào Bǐng), amene, akuthawa kumwera kuchokera kwa adani a Mongol chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu, akuti anaima pa phiri la Wudong. Mfumu yotopetsedwa ndi ludzu inalandira madzi ochokera ku masamba ofiira a mtengo wamtchire wa tiyi; chakumwacho chinathetsa ludzu ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu, pambuyo pake mfumuyo inatcha mtengowo “Sòng zhǒng” (宋种, Sòng zhǒng — “mtundu wa m’nthawi ya Song”). Nthano inanso imanena kuti tiyiyu anabwera ndi “mbalame ya fènghuáng” (凤凰, phoenix), ndipo kuchokera pamenepo panachokera dzina lina la kale — “niǎozuǐ chá” (鸟嘴茶, niǎozuǐ chá — “tiyi wa mlomo wa mbalame”).

Mbiri yeniyeni ya kusankha dāncóng inayamba m’nthawi ya Qing. Mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa mafumu Tongzhi ndi Guangxu (1875–1908), alimi a tiyi a Fenghuang anasiya kupanga mosakaniza ndi kuyamba njira yotchedwa “dān zhū cǎi zhì” (单株采制, dānzhū cǎizhì) — kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza payekha mitengo yabwino kwambiri. Mtengo uliwonse unkatchulidwa ndi dzina lake. Panthaŵiyo, paphiri la Fenghuang panali mitengo yoposa 10,000 imene inkakonzedwa mwa njira yapadera — ndiyeno njira imeneyi inapatsa dzina gulu lonse la “dāncóng” (单丛, “chitsamba chokha”).

Mtengo wa amayi wa Guìhuā Xiāng Dāncóng umamera m’mudzi wa Liziping m’chigawo cha Wudong. Malinga ndi kufufuza, zaka zake ndi zoposa 300 (zomwe zinalembedwa mu 2012). Mtengo woyambitsa uwu ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yakale kwambiri ya Guìhuā Xiāng (桂花香) imene idakalipo pa Fenghuangshan. Mu 1958, moto wa nkhalango unawononga mbali yaikulu ya minda ya tiyi ya ku Wudong, koma kuchokera pa mtengo wa amayi panali mbewu zazing’ono 54 zimene zidakula n’kukhala za mlingo wa dāncóng ndipo zinakhazikitsa maziko a gulu lamakono. Masiku ano, oyimira mtundu umenewu — Wudong Guìhuā (乌岽桂花), Jīn Guìhuā (金桂花, “osamantasi wagolide”) ndi ena — amasunga zizindikiro za chibadwa za mtengo wa amayi.

Mu 1996, alimi a tiyi ndi asayansi a ku Chaozhou anakonza ndondomeko ya a fènghuáng dāncóng, n’kukhazikitsa mitundu khumi ya fungo yaikulu. Guìhuā Xiāng inalowa m’ndandandawu pamodzi ndi Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香), Huáng Zhī Xiāng (黄栀香), Yù Lán Xiāng (玉兰香), Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香), Yè Lái Xiāng (夜来香), Ròuguì Xiāng (肉桂香), Xìng Rén Xiāng (杏仁香), Yòu Huā Xiāng (柚花香) ndi Jiāng Huā Xiāng (姜花香).

Dzina: “Guìhuā” (桂花, guìhuā) — maluwa a osamantasi (Osmanthus fragrans), chimodzi mwa zomera zonunkhira kwambiri zolemekezeka m’chikhalidwe cha China. 桂 (guì) — “mtengo wa sinamoni”, “osamantasi”; 花 (huā) — “maluwa”. “Xiāng” (香, xiāng) — “fungo”. “Dāncóng” (单丛, dāncóng): 单 (dān) — “chimodzi”; 丛 (cóng) — “chitsamba, gulu”. Dzina lonse limatanthauza “dāncóng wa fungo la maluwa a osamantasi”. Tiyiyu amatchedwa choncho chifukwa madzi ake mwachibadwa amatulutsa fungo lodziwika bwino la maluwa a osamantasi — popanda kunwonjezera fungo lina lililonse.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Guìhuā Xiāng Dāncóng ali ndi malo apadera pakati pa mafungo khumi akale: ngati Mì Lán Xiāng ndi wofala kwambiri ndi wosavuta kupeza, ndipo Yā Shǐ Xiāng (鸭屎香, “ndowe ya bakha”) ndi wotchuka kwambiri, ndiye kuti Guìhuā Xiāng ndi umodzi mwa amene ali otsukuluka kwambiri ndi olembedwa. Osamantasi mu chikhalidwe cha China ndi wogwirizana kwambiri ndi dzinja, mwezi wathunthu ndi kusungulumwa kwa ndakatulo: fungo lake ndi limodzi la “mafungo anayi olemekezeka” (四大香花, sì dà xiānghuā) pamodzi ndi orchid, maula ndi lotasi. Tiyi amene akubwereza fungo limeneli popanda kagulu kena kalikonse ka maluwa, amaonetsedwa ndi akatswiri a tiyi a ku Chaozhou ngati chiwonetsero chapamwamba cha mfundo yakuti “chilengedwe ndi choposa luso” (天然胜于人工). M’mwambo wa chikhalidwe wa chaozhou gōngfu chá (工夫茶, gōngfu chá), ma fènghuáng dāncóng — kuphatikizapo Guìhuā Xiāng — ndiwo tiyi wamkulu woperekedwa kwa alendo; mwambowu walembedwa ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu za cholowa chosaoneka cha chikhalidwe cha China.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, gulu la Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān (凤凰水仙, Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān, Huá Chá №17, 华茶17号). Guìhuā Xiāng ndi chisankho cha mbande (无性株系, wúxìng zhūxì) chochokera m’gulu limeneli limene lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe a moyo ndi amtundu wa mtengo wawung’ono (小乔木型, xiǎo qiáomù xíng), mtundu wa masamba aakulu (大叶类, dàyè lèi), wakupsya kwapakati (中生种, zhōngshēng zhǒng). Tsamba ndi lozungulira, lobiriwira m’chikasu, ndi lonyezimira; mizere m’mphepete ndi yochepa komanso yakuthwa. Masamba ang’ono ndi mphukira zazing’ono zimakhala zobiriwira m’chikasu chotuwa, zaubweya pang’ono.
Kusonkhanitsa: Mtundu wakupsya kwapakati — kusonkhanitsa kumachitika pakatha masiku 4-5 pambuyo pa Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng — “Kuunika Koyera”, kawirikawiri pa 4-5 April), nthawi imodzi ndi mitundu ina yakupsya kwapakati: Yòu Huā Xiāng (柚花香), Jiāng Huā Xiāng (姜花香), Xìng Rén Xiāng (杏仁香). Nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsa ndi masiku adzuwa, kuyambira 13:00 mpaka 16:00, pamene kuunika kwa dzuwa kofalikira m’masana kumapereka mwayi wabwino wofohera.
Mulingo wa kusonkhanitsa: Pakakhala “mphukira yochedwa” (驻芽, zhùyá) pamwamba pa mphukira — chizindikiro cha kukhwima. Amasonkhanitsa masamba 2-5 pa mphukira (嫩对夹叶, nèn duìjiā yè). Ndikofunika kwambiri kusasonkhanitsa masamba ofewa kwambiri (amawawa kwambiri, osakwanira thupi) kapena okhwima kwambiri (amakhala okhuthala, fungo limatha). Kusonkhanitsa ndi dzanja kokha — makina amawononga kukhazikika kwa tsamba ndi kusokoneza kufiyizidwa kotsatira.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Mphukira yathunthu, yosawonongeka yokhala ndi masamba olingana bwino. Ma dāncóng amasiyana kwambiri ndi maulun ena chifukwa cha njira yawo ya “chitsamba chimodzi — kapangidwe kamodzi”: mtengo uliwonse (kapena gulu la mbande) umasonkhanitsidwa ndi kukonzedwa padera kuti usunge khalidwe lake lapadera. Kusakaniza zopangira za mitengo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kosaloledwa kwa zinthu za mlingo wa dāncóng; ngati mlingo watsika, tiyi amalowa m’gulu la “làng cài” (浪菜, lángcài) kapena “shuǐxiān” (水仙, shuǐxiān).

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:

Dera ndi mawonekedwe: Mapiri a Fenghuangshan — malo otsetsereka, ophimbidwa ndi nkhalango ya pafupifupi malo otentha, ndi minda ya tiyi yobalalika pakati pa miyala ndi mitengo. Malo obiriwira ndi 96.4%, nkhalango ndi 85.1%. Malo okwera kwambiri ndi Wudongshan (乌岽山, Wūdǒng shān), pafupifupi 1,498 m. Mudzi wa Liziping, kumene kumera mtengo wa amayi wa Guìhuā Xiāng, uli pamwamba pa Wudong.
Malo okwera amene amamera: 800–1,200 m kwa zopangira zapamwamba za m’mapiri. Pamwamba penipeni, pamakhala “nyimbo ya mapiri” (山韵, shānyùn) yodziwika bwino — kamvedwe kameneka kosaoneka koma kosadziwika bwino kofanana ndi mchere ndi uchi, kamene kamasiyanitsa fènghuáng dāncóng weniweni ndi zinthu zopangidwa m’zigwa zotsika.
Nyengo: Nyengo ya pafupifupi malo otentha yokhudzidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka pafupifupi 20°C, mvula yapachaka pafupifupi 1,800 mm. Pamwamba pa 1,000 m, pamakhala chifunga ndi mitambo yambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku, ndi mame ochuluka. Zinthu izi zimachedwetsa kukula kwa zomera, n’kumathandiza kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapanga fungo komanso ma amino acid.
Nthaka: Nthaka zakuya, zothirira bwino madzi, za asidi (pH 4.5–5.5). Pa Wudong, pali nthaka zachikasu za laterite ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe ndi mchere. M’madera ena, pamapezeka “nthaka ya ndowe ya bakha” (鸭屎土, yāshǐ tǔ) yodziwika bwino — dothi lachikasu ndi zinthu zoyera za choko (mchere wamadzi), imene inapatsa dzina la Yā Shǐ Xiāng yotchuka.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Ma fènghuáng dāncóng amakonzedwa motsatira njira yapadera ya Guangdong, yomwe imaphatikiza kufiyizidwa kwakukulu kophatikizana ndi njira yapadera ya chitsamba chilichonse. Luso la Guìhuā Xiāng limafuna kusamala kwambiri pa nthawi yogwedezeka (碰青, pèngqīng) ndi kuwongolera kufiyizidwa — ndiye magawo amenewa amatsimikizira ngati madzi ake adzasonyeza kapangidwe kake ka osamantasi.

Kusonkhanitsa / 采摘 — cǎizhāi: Kusonkhanitsa ndi manja kwa mphukira zokhala ndi mphukira yochedwa, m’masana a tsiku ladzuwa.
Kufohera padzuwa / 晒青 — shàiqīng: Masamba osonkhanitsidwa amayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono pa nsanja za nsungwi ndi kuikidwa kuunika kofalikira kwa dzuwa la m’masana. Nthawi yake ndi mphindi 20 mpaka 40 malingana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Tsamba limataya chinyezi choyamba, mtundu umachoka ku wobiriwira wonyezimira n’kusanduka wobiriwira wa maolivi wosazimiririka, nsonga za mphukira zimalendewa. Sikuyenera kuwumitsa mopambanitsa kapena kutenthedwa — ubwino wa kufohera umakhudza mwachindunji kuyera kwa fungo.
Kufohera pamthunzi / 凉青 — liángqīng: Masamba amasamutsidwa kumalo ozizira ndi a mthunzi kuti kutentha n’kugwirizana ndi kugawidwanso kwa chinyezi pakati pa mitsempha ndi tsamba lenileni. Ili ndi siteji ya “kugwirizanitsa kosachita kanthu”, kukonzekera zopangirazo kuti zilowe m’gulu loyenera kugwira ntchito.
Kupanga tiyi / 做青 — zuòqīng (碰青 — pèngqīng + 静置 — jìngzhì): Gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri. M’mwambo wa Guangdong, njira yotchedwa “kugundana” (碰青) imagwiritsidwa ntchito — kuponyera ndi kugwedeza masamba m’madengu a nsungwi kapena pa nsanja za nsungwi, kusinthana ndi nthawi yopumula (静置). Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumawononga maselo m’mphepete mwa tsamba, kumatulutsa polyphenol oxidase ndi kuyambitsa okosijeni, koma pakati pa tsamba pamakhalabe kobiriwira — kuchokera pamenepo ndondomeko ya “mimba yobiriwira, m’mphepete mofiira” (青蒂绿腹红镶边, qīngdì lǜfù hóng xiāngbiān). Pa Guìhuā Xiāng, katswiri amayesetsa kuti afikire kusakaniza koyenera kwa okosijeni kumene kumatulutsa mauthenga a osamantasi — 芳樟醇 (linalool) ndi ma oxide ake, β-紫罗兰酮 (β-ionone) ndi zizindikiro za 顺式茉莉酮 (cis-jasmone), — zigawo zomwe zimadziwika ku fungo la osamantasi komanso la mtundu wapadera umenewu wa tiyi. Chiwerengero cha kusinthana ndi kutalika kwake ndi chinsinsi cha katswiri aliyense.
Kukhazikitsa / 杀青 — shāqīng: Kutenthedwa kwakukulu m’wok kapena ng’oma. Imasiyanitsa okosijeni ya enzymatic ndi kukhazikitsa kapangidwe ka fungo komwe kafikidwe.
Kupotosola / 揉捻 — róuniǎn: Kupotosola kowongoka, kumene kumapanga mizere yothina, yowongoka, yolemera (条索, tiáosuǒ) yodziwika ndi ma dāncóng aku Guangdong. Mosiyana ndi maulun a m’chigawo cha Minnan (timiyala) kapena a Minbei (mizere), njira ya Guangdong ndiyo yeniyeni ya “zingwe” zowongoka.
Kumasula / 松团 — sōngtuán: Kumasula kwa misa yopotosoledwa kuti isatenthedwe kwambiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuyanika kofanana.
Kuyanika / 烘干 — hōnggān: Kuyanika koyamba pa nsanja za nsungwi pamwamba pa makala kapena mu yanika yamagetsi.
Kusankha / 分拣 — fēnjiǎn: Kuchotsa zinthu zowawa, masamba achikasu ndi zidutswa.
Kukazinganso / 复焙 — fùbèi: Kukazinga kotsiriza — “kumaliza” tiyi kufika pamlingo woyenera. Kukazinga kopepuka kumasunga kutsitsimula kwa fungo la maluwa; kukazinga kwakuya kumaonjezera kamvedwe ka uchi ndi caramel ndi kumawonjezera kusungika bwino. Kwa Guìhuā Xiāng, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukazinga kwapakati, kumene kumalola kusunga “kuwonekera bwino” ndi “kununkhira” kwa fungo la osamantasi, osaliphimbitsa ndi kamvedwe ka makala. Pambuyo pa kukazinga, tiyi amamusiya pafupifupi masiku 15 kuti “moto uchoke” (退火, tuìhuǒ) ndi kukoma kugwirizane.

6. Makhalidwe Ooneka ndi Kununkhira:

Mawonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizere yolimba, yowongoka, yothina (条索紧卷, tiáosuǒ jǐnjuǎn), yolingana ndi yolemera. Mtundu — “khungu la mkunga” (鳝鱼皮色, shànyú pí sè) — wodziwika bwino wa bulauni m’chikasu ndi chonyezimira cha olivi ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta, kusanduka bulauni wakuda (乌褐色, wūhè sè) ngati atakazinga kwambiri. Nthawi zina, pamawoneka timadontho ta “chofiira cha zhu sha” (朱砂红点, zhūshā hóng diǎn) — zizindikiro za m’mphepete mwa tsamba wofiyizidwa.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Loyera, lolemekezeka, losadziwika molakwika fungo la maluwa a osamantasi (桂花, guìhuā). Lokoma, ngati uchi, lonunkhira pang’ono komanso ndi kamvedwe kakang’ono ka zipatso kocheperako — kumafanana ndi maluwa agolide a osamantasi akuyanika pamtunda pa dzinja. Kufalikira kwake ndi kofunda, “ngati ufa”, ndi kamvedwe ka maapurikoti apsya.
Fungo la madzi: Pa kuthira koyamba — kumveka bwino, “kununkhira koyera” ngati osamantasi: kutsekemera kwa golide, kufewa kwa uchi, kamvedwe ka maapurikoti ndi mapeyala apsya. Pamene tikuti akutseguka — zigawo zakuya: maluwa onunkhira, kamvedwe kakang’ono ka sandalwood, vanila yosaonekera pang’ono. Pakutha komaliza — kutsekemera koyera kwa uchi ndi kamvedwe ka “mapiri” ka mchere.
Kukoma: Kwapakati pakatikati, kwabwino ngati mafuta. Kukhudza koyamba — kutsekemera kofewa ndi “kuwonekera bwino” kwa maluwa. Pakatikati — kochuluka, ndi kamvedwe ka uchi, maapurikoti apsya, ndi kununkhira pang’ono. Kuwawa ndi kukwiya n’kochepa ndipo zili bwino. Kukoma kotsalira pambuyo pake (回甘, huígān) n’kotalikirapo ndi koyera, ndi “nyimbo ya mapiri” (山韵蜜味, shānyùn mì wèi): kamvedwe ka mchere ndi uchi, kumveka mkati mwa m’kamwa. Milomo ndi lilime zimasunga kwa nthawi yayitali fungo lokoma lotsalira (唇舌留香, chúnshé liúxiāng).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu wa lalanje mpaka wagolide wa amber (橙黄明亮, chénghuáng míngliàng), oyera ndi owonekera, ndi kamvedwe kofunda ka uchi.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba atawotcheredwa): Ndondomeko ya kale ya dāncóng: “m’mera wobiriwira, mimba yobiriwira, m’mphepete mofiira” (青蒂绿腹红镶边, qīngdì lǜfù hóng xiāngbiān). Masamba ndi athunthu, ofewa, osalala, ndi pakati pake kobiriwira kwa olivi ndipo m’mphepete mwake muli mzere wa bulauni wofiyizidwa. M’mera — wobiriwira wopepuka.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Chigawo:

Ma polyphenol: Ma fènghuáng dāncóng ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma polyphenol — 22.6–39.1% ya misa yowuma. Zigawo zazikulu: ma catechin (ofiyizidwa pang’ono), theaflavins ndi thearubigins, omwe amapanga kuthina kwa thupi ndi kuwawa kodziwika kwa “mapiri”. Kuchuluka kwa ma flavonoid — 8.3–14.1%.
Ma amino acid: Kuchuluka kwawo kwathunthu — 1.15–2.96% ya misa yowuma. L-theanine imapereka kufewa kwa kukoma ndi kusakaniza bwino ndi caffeine. Zopangira za m’mapiri (Wudong) zili ndi ma amino acid ochuluka chifukwa cha chifunga chachilengedwe.
Ma alkaloid: Caffeine — 2.3–5.3% ya misa yowuma (kusiyana kwakukuru kumafotokozedwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mbande ndi malo akumera). Theobromine, theophylline — pang’ono.
Ma vitamini: Ma vitamini B₁, B₂, C, E — m’milingo yofanana ndi ya maulun. Vitamini C imawonongeka pang’ono pakukazinga, koma ngati yatenthedwa mopambanitsa, ndiyeno gawo lina limasungabe.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, manganese, zinc, fluoride, selenium. Kapangidwe ka mchere kamadalira kwambiri malo enieni; nthaka za m’mapiri za Wudong zili ndi mchere wochuluka.
Mafuta onunkhira: Gawo lalikulu pa Guìhuā Xiāng. Kusanthula kwa gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kumaonetsa kuchuluka kwa linalool (芳樟醇, fāng zhāngnǎo) ndi ma oxide ake, cis-jasmone (顺式茉莉酮, shùnshì mòlì tóng), famesene (法呢烯, fǎní xī) ndi ma diterpene atsopano — gulu limeneli limadziwika ndi kapangidwe ka fungo la osamantasi. Ndiko kufanana kwenikweni kwa zigawo zimenezi ndi zamafuta a maluwa a Osmanthus fragrans (β-ionone, linalool, ma oxide a linalool, cis-3-hexenol) kumene kumafotokozera kufanana kodabwitsa kwa fungo.
Makhalidwe apadera: Zotulutsa m’madzi za ma fènghuáng dāncóng ndi zokwera kwambiri mwapadera — 35.6–49.4% ya misa yowuma, zomwe zimafotokozera kumwa kambirimbiri komanso kuthina kwa thupi la madzi.

8. Zopindulitsa pa Umoyo:

Mphamvu yolimbitsa yopanda kukopa: Kuchuluka kwa cocaine kuphatikiza ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu zopanda nkhawa — mphamvu yodziwika ya “dāncóng”: kuganiza momveka, mphamvu zodekha.
Chitetezo chothandiza kuthana ndi okosijeni: Gulu lolemera la ma polyphenol (ma catechin, theaflavins, ma flavonoid) — zomwe zimathetsa kwambiri ma free radicals. Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenol mu ma dāncóng ndi kumodzi mwa kwakukulu pakati pa maulun.
Kuthandiza kugayidwa kwa chakudya: Maulun ofiyizidwa kwapakati amawerengedwa mwachikhalidwe ngati “ochezeka” kwa m’mimba. M’mwambo wa chaozhou gōngfu chá, tiyi amamupatsa pambuyo pa chakudya chochuluka kuti athandize kugayidwa.
Kuchepetsa mulingo wa mafuta m’thupi: Ma polyphenol a ulun amatha kutsekereza ntchito ya pancreatic lipase ndi kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta a m’chakudya — zotsatira zake zimaonekera kwambiri ngati tiyi amamwedwa kawiri kawiri.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Ma flavonoid ndi ma catechin ali ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi ma virus.
Kuthandizira umoyo wa khungu: Ma antioxidant ndi vitamini E zimathandiza kuteteza maselo a khungu ku kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni.
Kuteteza maso ndi kuchepetsa kutopa kwa maso: Ma vitamini a gulu B ndi ma antioxidant omwe ali mu tiyi amathandizira kuchepetsa kutopa kwa maso.
Mchitidwe wosinkhasinkha: Ma fènghuáng dāncóng, chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwawo kwa fungo ndi kutha kumwa kwautali, ndi abwino kwambiri pa kumwa tiyi mosamala — mchitidwe umenewu umachepetsa kupsyinjika ndi kumathandiza kulamulira malingaliro.

9. Kuwotcha:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100°C. Ma fènghuáng dāncóng amafuna madzi otentha kuti atulutse mphamvu yawo yonse ya fungo. Madzi owiritsa (100°C) ndiwo muyezo.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 7–8 g pa 100–120 ml (chaozhou gōngfu); 5 g pa 150 ml (gaiwan). Njira ya chikhalidwe ya chaozhou imafunikira kuchuluka kwakukulu — tiyi amadzaza teapot ⅔–¾ ya voliyumu.
Ziwiya: Chachikale — teapot ya dothi ya Chaozhou (潮州壶, Cháozhōu hú) kapena gaiwan ya porcelain yopyapyala (盖碗, gàiwǎn). Makapu ang’onoang’ono ngati nthimbi (若琛杯, Ruòchēn bēi) — ndi chida chofunika cha chaozhou gōngfu. Gaiwan ya porcelain ndiyo yabwino pakudziwana koyamba: siyiba fungo ndipo imalola kuyesa kuyera kwa kapangidwe ka maluwa.
Ndondomeko:
1. Wiritsani madzi ndi kutenthetsa bwino ziwiya zonse — teapot, chahai ndi makapu.
2. Thirani tiyi, phimbani ndi chivindikiro, gwedeza kamodzi kapena kawiri ndi kununkhiza fungo kuchokera pa chivindikiro — nthawi zambiri kukhudza koyamba n’kwakukulu.
3. Kutsuka kothira: thirani madzi owiritsa, tsitsani nthawi yomweyo. Izi “zimadzutsa” tsamba ndi kuchotsa fumbi.
4. Kuthira koyamba: masekondi 5–10 (ngati mwathira mochuluka). Thirani madzi mu makapu nthawi yomweyo kudzera mu chahai.
5. Kuthiranso: 10–15 kapena kuposerapo, mukuwonjezera nthawi ndi masekondi 5 pa kuthirana kulikonse. Guìhuā Xiāng wabwino wochokera kumtengo wakale amatha kupirira kuthira koposa 15, ndipo kulikonse kumapereka kamvedwe katsopano — kuchokera ku maluwa onyezimira kupyolera mu uchi wolemera kufika ku kutsekemera koyera kwa mchere.
6. “Lamulo la Chaozhou”: makapu atatu oyamba ndi amphamvu kwambiri pa fungo, apakati — pa kuzama kwa kukoma, omaliza — pa kuyera kwa kukoma kotsalira.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe: Mabotolo a chitsulo osalowa mpweya, mitsuko ya dothi ya ceramic kapena mapaketi a vacuum a zojambula. Mu mwambo wa Chaozhou, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo a malata (锡罐, xīguàn) — amateteza bwino ku chinyezi ndi fungo.
Malo: Malo owuma, ozizira, amdima. Kwa ma dāncóng okazingidwa mopepuka — ndizololedwa kusungidwa mufiriji (0–5°C) m’chidebe chosunga mpweya. Kwa ma dāncóng okazingidwa kwapakati ndi kwakuya, firiji siyofunika — kutentha kwapakati pa chipinda (15–25°C) ndi chinyezi chokhazikika ndikokwanira.
Nthawi ndi kusungika: Guìhuā Xiāng watsopano ndi wabwino kwambiri m’miyezi yoyambirira 6–12. Komabe, zitsanzo zokazingidwa bwino zimatha kukalamba: pakatha chaka chimodzi, “kuwawa kwa moto” kumachoka, ndipo kumawonekera kutsekemera kwakuya kwa uchi, “kokhwima”. Ena otolera amasunga ma dāncóng kwa zaka 3–5, ndipo nthawi zina “amawatenthetsanso” pang’ono ndi kukazinga kopepuka.
Adani a tiyi: Chinyezi, fungo lachilendo (ma dāncóng ndi amphamvu kwambiri potengera chinyezi ndipo amayamwa fungo lonse), kuwala kwa dzuwa mochindunji, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Mlingo wa mtengo: Guìhuā Xiāng ali m’gulu lapakati ndi lapamwamba la ma fènghuáng dāncóng. Zokolola za m’chaka cha 2003 kuchokera ku mitengo inayake zinkafika 9,600 yuan pa kilogalamu. Zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira mtengo: zaka za mtengo (mitengo yakale — 老丛, lǎocóng — ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri), malo okwera amene amamera (Wudong — ndi wapamwamba; m’mapiri apansi — ndi wotsika), nyengo ya kusonkhanitsa (masika — ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri), kukonza payekha (dāncóng — ndi wokwera mtengo kuposa làng cài kapena shuǐxiān), luso la kukazinga.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa ochokera ku Chaozhou kapena Fenghuang omwe ali ndi njira zowonekera: dera → malo okwera → mbande → katswiri.
- Onani mawonekedwe: Guìhuā Xiāng weniweni — mizere yolingana, yothina, yonyezimira ya “mtundu wa mkunga”; mizere yokhuthala, yozimiririka, yosiyana kukula — ndi chizindikiro cha mlingo wotsika.
- Yesani fungo: kamvedwe kachilengedwe ka osamantasi — koyera, kolemekezeka, kosakakamiza; kununkhiritsa kochita kupanga — ndi kwakuthwa, “kopangidwa-mopangira”, komwe kumakathanso msanga.
- Madzi: dāncóng weniweni — owonekera, agolide-amber, ndi fungo lokhazikika pa kuthira kambirimbiri; chonyenga — chosawonekera bwino, fungo limatha pambuyo pa kuthira 2–3.
- Yesani kukoma kotsalira: “nyimbo ya mapiri” (山韵) — kamvedwe ka mchere ndi uchi mkati mwa m’kamwa — ndi khadi la chizindikiritso cha chiyambi chenicheni cha Fenghuang; silingathenso kupangidwa ndi kununkhiritsa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Mtengo wa amayi wa Guìhuā Xiāng unapulumuka moto wowononga wa nkhalango wa 1958 — kuchokera pa minda yonse ya deralo, zidangotsala mbewu 54, zomwe zinakhala oyambitsa gulu lamakono. “Kupanikizana kwa chibadwa” kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mtengo uliwonse wa Guìhuā Xiāng (桂花香) ukhale wamtengo wapatali ngati nkhokwe ya chibadwa chapadera.
Fènghuáng dāncóng ndi ulun yekhayo amene mfundo ya “mtengo umodzi — tiyi umodzi” yakwezedwa kukhala chofunikira. Katswiri wopanga tiyi amadziwa khalidwe la mtengo uliwonse m’deralo ndipo amakonza zopangirazo poganizira “mmene uliri” munyengo imeneyo. Kusiyako kochepa kuchokera ku njira yapadera kumatsitsa mlingo wa chinthucho.
Fungo la Guìhuā Xiāng limabwereza molondola fungo la osamantasi weniweni moti ngakhale akatswiri odziwa tiyi, akamalawirira osadziwa, nthawi zina amakayikira kuti anali wonunkhiritsidwa. Kusanthula kwa gas chromatography kunatsimikizira kuti zigawo zazikulu za fungo (linalool ndi ma oxide ake, cis-jasmone, famesene) mu tiyi uyu ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu mafuta onunkhira a maluwa a Osmanthus fragrans.
Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 2020, pa Fenghuangshan panali mizere yoposa 80 ya mbande zolembetsedwa (品系, pǐnxì) za dāncóng, mwa izo mitundu 10 ya fungo yakale ndi mitundu yoposa 25 ya maonekedwe a masamba. Pomwepo, alimi a tiyi amavomereza: chiwerengero chonse cha mbande zapadera n’chachikulu moti ngakhale akatswiri akumaloko sangathe kuzilemba zonse.
M’mwambo wa chaozhou gōngfu chá, pali lamulo lotchedwa “关公巡城” (Guāngōng xúnchéng — “Guangong akuyendera linga”): tiyi amatsanulidwa mopitiriza mozungulira m’makapu onse, kuti madziwo akhale ofanana. Madontho omaliza — “韩信点兵” (Hánxìn diǎn bīng — “Han Xin akuwerenga asilikali”): amagawa dontho limodzi m’kapu iliyonse, chifukwa madontho omaliza ndiwo onunkhira kwambiri komanso amphamvu.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi ma dāncóng ena:

Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香, Mì Lán Xiāng): Mtundu wofala kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwino. Fungo la uchi ndi orchid — ndi lotseguka, “lalikulu” ndi lokoma. Guìhuā Xiāng — ndi woletsa, “ngati ufa”, ndi kuzama kokazinga ndi ulemerero wocheperako, womwe ndi wa osamantasi.
Huáng Zhī Xiāng (黄栀香, Huáng Zhī Xiāng): Fungo la gardenia (栀子花) — lowala, lapamwamba, lothina pang’ono. Guìhuā Xiāng ndi wofewa komanso “wotentha”, ndi kamvedwe ka uchi kowonekera kwambiri. Huáng Zhī Xiāng ndi umodzi mwa dāncóng “aphokoso” kwambiri; Guìhuā Xiāng ndi umodzi mwa “otonthola” komanso otsukuluka kwambiri.
Yù Lán Xiāng (玉兰香, Yù Lán Xiāng): Fungo la magnolia — loyera, latsopano, “la maluwa oyera”. Guìhuā Xiāng — ndi wotentha komanso wonunkhira; Yù Lán Xiāng — ndi wozizira komanso “wowonekera”. Mitundu yonse iwiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi ulemerero, koma Yù Lán — ndi “masika”, pamene Guìhuā — ndi “dzinja”.
Ròuguì Xiāng (肉桂香, Ròuguì Xiāng): Fungo la sinamoni — lonunkhira, lotenthetsa, “la zokometsera”. Osasokoneza ndi mtundu wotchuka wa Wuyi (武夷肉桂). Ròuguì Xiāng dāncóng — ndi “wakuda” komanso wokometsera; Guìhuā Xiāng — ndi wa maluwa komanso wokoma.
Jiāng Huā Xiāng / Tōng Tiān Xiāng (姜花香 / 通天香, Jiānghuā Xiāng): Fungo la maluwa a ginger — lowala, “lobaya”, ndi kupsa pang’ono. Dāncóng “waphokoso” kwambiri. Guìhuā Xiāng — ndi wosiyana naye kwathunthu: wosafuula, wofewa, wokuta.

Pomaliza:

Guìhuā Xiāng Dāncóng — tiyi yemwe salira, koma amanong’ona. M’fungo lake losafuula koma loyera kopanda chilema la osamantasi muli kuzama konse kwa mwambo wa Fenghuang: mtengo wazaka 300 pathiri lachifunga la Wudong, katswiri amene amadziwa khalidwe la mphukira iliyonse, ndi dengu la nsungwi momwe tsamba limatsegula pang’onopang’ono zomwe chilengedwe chinaikamo. Kuthira koyamba kumanunkha ngati madzulo agolide a dzinja, apakati — ngati uchi wofunda ndi maapurikoti apsya, ndipo omaliza — ngati kutsekemera koyera kwa mchere wa mwala wa m’mapiri. Kwa iwo amene atopa ndi tiyi “aphokoso” ndipo akufuna thambo lokongola koma lowama, Guìhuā Xiāng adzapereka chimodzimodzi ndi momwe amadziwika m’dzina lake la osamantasi: fungo limene silikakamira, koma, likadziwika, silimayiwalikanso.