Guìdìng xuě yá

Guìdìng xuě yá (贵定雪芽, Guìdìng xuě yá) ndi tii yobiriwira yokhotakhota yochokera kumapiri a m’chigawo cha Guiding m’chigawo cha Guizhou, ndi gulu lapamwamba la “Guìdìng Yúnwù Gòngchá” (贵定云雾贡茶, “Tii Yamitambo ya Guiding Ya Msonkho”). Tii iyi ndi imodzi mwa tiyi zolembedwa zakale kwambiri za “gongcha” (tiyi ya msonkho) ku China: kuyambira pomwe inadatchulidwa koyamba mu 1325 (nthawi ya Yuan) mpaka pamene mwala wolembedwa “Wàngǔ Liúfāng” (万古留芳, “Kununkhira kwa mibadwo 10,000”) unakhazikitsidwa molamulidwa ndi Qianlong mu 1790, umene ndi mwala wokhawo ku Guizhou wotsimikizira udindo wa tiyi yamsonkho ya mfumu. Tii yapangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wapadera wakomweko wotchedwa Niǎowáng (鸟王, “Mfumu ya Mbalame”), mtundu wa mbewu umene umadziwika ngati “chotsalira chamoyo” cha mbiri ya tiyi ya China, pa phiri la Yúnwù (云雾山), lomwe ndi phiri lalikulu la mapiri a Miáolǐng (苗岭) komanso malo amene madzi amagawanikira pakati pa mitsinje itatu ikuluikulu ya Guizhou.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii yobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), yopanda kuvunda. Ndi imodzi mwa tiyi zobiriwira zopangidwa ndi kutentha kotchedwa juǎnqūxíng chǎoqīng lǜchá (卷曲形炒青绿茶). Mawonekedwe a tiyi yomalizidwa amafanana ndi mbedza ya nsomba, ndipo ndicho chimene chimapangitsa dzina lake lakale la “Yúgōuchá” (鱼钩茶, “Tii-mbedza ya nsomba”).

• Gulu: Gulu lapamwamba la malonda a “Guìdìng Yúnwù Gòngchá” (贵定云雾贡茶). Chogulitsa chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (国家地理标志保护产品, 2024). Imodzi mwa “tiyi khumi zodziwika bwino za Guizhou” (贵州十大名茶). Chigawo cha Guiding chili ndi dzina loti “Dziko la Tii Zodziwika za China” (中国名茶之乡) ndi “Dzina la Tiyi ya Msonkho ya Miáolǐng” (中国苗岭贡茶之乡). Wopambana pa Chiwonetsero chachinayi chapadziko lonse cha kuunika tiyi (2002, golide). Mu 1990, pa kuunika kwa tiyi zodziwika ku China konse, adapeza mapoint 99.85, chomwe chinali chotsatira chapamwamba kwambiri m’dzikolo, ndipo adalandira mphoto zinayi, kuphatikizapo mphoto ya Unduna wa Zamalonda ya “tiyi yabwino kwambiri”. Luso lopangira pamanja la “Yúnwù Gòngchá” lidalembedwa mu Kaundula wa Cholowa Chosagwira cha Chikhalidwe cha Guizhou (2009).

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), dera lodzilamulira la Qiannan la a Buyi ndi a Miao (黔南布依族苗族自治州), chigawo cha Guiding (贵定县, Guìdìng Xiàn). Tiyi imapangidwa pa phiri la Yúnwùshān (云雾山, Yúnwù Shān), lomwe ndi phiri lalikulu la mapiri a Miáolǐng (苗岭山脉主峰) komanso malo amene madzi amagawanikira pakati pa mitsinje ya Wu (乌江), Yuan (沅江) ndi Pan (盘江). Phirili lili ndi kutalika kopitilira 1500 m.

• Malo: Pafupifupi 26°20′ kumpoto, 107°14′ kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Guiding ili ndi mbiri yozama komanso yolembedwa bwino kwambiri ya tiyi ku Guizhou: kuposa zaka 2000 yolima tiyi, ndi kuposa zaka 600 zotsimikizika za udindo wa “gongcha”.

  Nthawi yakale. Kuposa zaka 2000 zapitazo, makolo a mtundu wa Miao (苗族, Miáozú), omwe amakhala m’mphepete mwa phiri la Yúnwù, adayamba kulima tiyi ya m’tchire. Mitundu yoyambirira idatulukira, ndipo adayitcha mayina am’deralo monga: “Niǎowáng Chá” (鸟王茶, “Tii ya Mfumu ya Mbalame”), “Dōngmiáo Chá” (东苗茶), “Yúgōu Chá” (鱼钩茶, “Tii-mbedza ya nsomba”), “Báiyún Chá” (白云茶, “Tii ya mitambo yoyera”). A Miao am’deralo ankatcha tiyi m’chinenero chawo “Bùlǎojī” (不老几). Pa phiri la Yúnwù pali mitengo ya tiyi yakuthwa yoposa zaka 1000, yokhala ndi miyambo yomwe amuna akuluakulu anayi okha angathe kuikumbatira, ndi zitumbu zoposa 40 m kutalika: izi ndi umboni wamoyo wakuti Guiding ndi limodzi mwa malo amene tiyi inayambira.

  Nthawi ya “gongcha”. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa kutumiza tiyi ya Guiding ku bwalo la mfumu ndi kwa nthawi ya Yuan: mu 1325 (chaka cha 2 cha mzere wa Taiding), tiyi idatumizidwa kwa mfumu Taiding-di. M’nthawi ya Ming (洪武五年, 1372), tiyi idalembedwa m’kaundula wa mfumu wa “gongcha”. Mu “Kangxi Guizhou Tongzhi” (《康熙贵州通志》, 1673) mwalembedwa kuti: “Madera onse a Qianzhou amapanga tiyi, koma tiyi yamitambo ya phiri la Yúnwù ku Guiding ndi yodziwika kwambiri” (黔省各属皆产茶，贵定云雾最有名). Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya Qing, tiyi ya Guiding idali imodzi mwa “tiyi zazikulu zisanu ndi zitatu za China” (八大名茶).

  Mwala wa “Wàngǔ Liúfāng” (1790). M’chaka cha 55 cha ulamuliro wa Qianlong (乾隆五十五年, 1790), pa phiri la Yúnwù, pafupi ndi chipata cha Guānkǒuzhài (关口寨) kumudzi wa Niǎowáng (鸟王村), mwala wa “Yúnwù Gòngchá Bēi” (云雾贡茶碑) unakhazikitsidwa ndi malemba “万古留芳” (“Kununkhira kwa mibadwo 10,000”). Malemba 228 a mwalawu adalemba lamulo la boma la Qing: kuti lichepetse zovuta za alimi a Miao, liyimitse kwakanthawi kusonkhetsa msonkho wa tiyi, liletsa akuluakulu a m’deralo kubera ndalama, ndi kupereka ndalama zasiliva 420 kuti athandizire kupanga “gongcha”. Uwu ndi mwala wokhawo ku Guizhou, ndi umodzi mwa mwa miyala yochepa kwambiri ku China, yolemba za udindo wa tiyi ya msonkho ya boma. Mu 1982, mwalawo udalembedwa mu Kaundula wa zipilala zotetezedwa za chigawo cha Guizhou. Mu 1805 (嘉庆十年), mwala winanso unakhazikitsidwa kuti udziŵike malire a malo opangira “gongcha”.

  Kutchuka kwa anthu onse. M’nthawi ya Guangxu (光绪, 1904–1905), bwanamkubwa wa Guizhou Lin Shaonian (林绍年) adakonza mabokosi awiri a tiyi ya Guiding: “lina la mfumu, lina la Agogo Akazi a Mfumu [kutanthauza mfumu yamkazi yopanda mwamuna Cixi]”. Izi zidasungidwa mu “Zolemba zachinsinsi za nyumba ya Qing” (《清宫秘档》), zomwe zili mu nyumba yoyamba ya zolemba zakale ku China ku Beijing.

  Nthawi yamakono. Mu 1971–1982, mmisiri Li Jinshi (李金石) adalongosola mwadongosolo njira yakale ya kukonza tiyi ndipo adayambitsa njira yatsopano ya “Njira za masitepe asanu ndi anayi” (九步法, jiǔ bù fǎ) yopangira makina. Mu 1982, tiyi yatsopanoyo idatchedwa “Guìdìng xuě yá” (贵定雪芽). Mu 1990, adapeza mapoint apamwamba kwambiri (99.85) pa kuunika kwa dziko lonse ndi mphoto zinayi. Mu 1993, mphoto yagolide pa chiwonetsero chapadziko lonse. Mu 1997, tiyi idaperekedwa kwa wapampando wa bungwe la Buddhist Association ku China, Zhao Puchu (赵朴初), ndipo atailaŵa, iye adati (清香味永, “kununkhira koyera, kulaŵa kosatha”), ndipo adalemba ndi dzanja lake mawu akuti “佛茶” (“Tiyi ya Buddha”).

  Katswiri wodziwika wa tiyi, pulofesa Chen Chuan (陈椽), adalemba ndime ina yokhudza tiyi ya Guiding: “Yokondedwa kwambiri. Ndithu ndi mbedza. / Madzi a tiyi owala: msonkho wapamwamba. / Nyanja yakumitambo, mzinda wa nthunzi, / Ubwino ndi kuchuluka mwagwirizana.” (贵哉定钩，清茗贡修。云海雾都，质量兼优).

• Dzina:

  • “Guiding” (贵定) ndi dzina la chigawo, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 581. Mawu akuti “贵” (“yamtengo wapatali”) ndi mbali ya dzina la chigawo cha Guizhou, komanso akutanthauza kufunika kwakukulu kwa tiyi ya m’deralo.
  • “Xuě yá” (雪芽) ndi “Mphukira ya chipale chofewa”. Akutanthauza tsitsi lochuluka lasiliva lomwe limaphimba tiyi ngati mbandakucha wa chipale. Komanso, tiyiyi imadziwika ndi mayina akale monga: “Yúnwù Gòngchá” (云雾贡茶, “Tii Yamsonkho ya mitambo”), “Niǎowáng Chá” (鸟王茶, “Tii ya Mfumu ya Mbalame”), “Yúgōu Chá” (鱼钩茶, “Tii-mbedza ya nsomba”), “Báiyún Chá” (白云茶, “Tii ya mitambo yoyera”).

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Guìdìng xuě yá si tiyi chabe, koma ndi chithunzi chamoyo cha “cholowa chachitatu” (三重遗产): cholowa cha mbiri (mwala wa 1790, zolemba zakale za nyumba ya Qing), cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha fuko (mwambo wazaka mazana ambiri wa ulimi wa tiyi wa a Miao, miyambo ya kukolola ndi kupereka), ndi cholowa cha Buddha (phiri la Yangbaoshan ndi limodzi mwa nyumba zitatu zazikulu za amonke a Buddha kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, kumene amonke amalima tiyi ya “Tii ya mitambo yoyera” kwa zaka mazana ambiri). Chaka chilichonse ku Guiding, pali “Chikondwerero cha tiyi ya msonkho” (贡茶文化旅游节), chomwe chimaphatikizapo mpikisano wa ng’ombe wa a Miao (斗牛), chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimakopa alendo zikwizikwi.

3. Kafotokozedwe ka Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu waukulu ndi Niǎowáng Qúntǐzhǒng (鸟王群体种, Niǎowáng Qúntǐzhǒng) — “Mtundu wa Mbili ya Mfumu ya Mbalame”. Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa m’deralo wa Camellia sinensis var. sinensis wochulutsidwa ndi mbewu, womwe umadziwika ngati “chotsalira chamoyo” (活化石) cha mbiri ya tiyi ya Guizhou, komanso umodzi mwa mitundu ya tiyi yopezeka kokha padziko lapansi. Makhalidwe: masamba obiriwira, tsitsi lochuluka, mphukira zikuluzikulu komanso zamnofu, ndipo sizimafooka mwachangu pokololedwa (持嫩性强). Ndi mtundu wa mtengo (乔木型). Kwa magulu apamwamba, Niǎowáng yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito; kwa magulu ambiri, Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶) imawonjezedwa.

  Mafotokozedwe a mankhwala amtundu wa Niǎowáng (mphukira imodzi, masamba amodzi): ma polyphenols — 31.67%, ma amino acid — 2.18%, caffeine — 3.39%, zotulutsa zamadzi — 43.28%, ma catechins — 114.66 mg/g.

• Kukolola: Pafupifupi mitundu isanu yakukolola imachitika chaka chilichonse: itatu ya m’chaka, zero kapena iwiri ya m’chilimwe. Sikukolola m’dzinja. Yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi “míngqiánchá” (明前茶) — isanafike Tsiku la Qingming (~5 April).

• Mulingo wa kukolola:

  • Gulu lapamwamba (特级): mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi masamba omwe angotseguka pang’ono (一芽一叶初展), yotchedwa “nsonga ya cholembera” (钢笔尖, gāngbǐ jiān), fanizo lofotokoza kuthwa ndi kuwongoka kwa nthambi.
  • Gulu loyamba (一级): mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi masamba awiri omwe ayamba kumene kutseguka.
  • Gulu lachiwiri (二级): mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu.

• Zofunika pa zopangira: Nthambi ziyenera kukhala zofanana kukula, zonse, zokhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka. Mwambi wa anthu amafotokoza mulingowo: “Kokolani modekha ngati mukugwira lilime la chikhwezu” (嫩采雅雀嘴, nèn cǎi yǎ què zuǐ).

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Nyengo: Phiri la Yúnwù lili m’dera la nyengo ya mphepo zamkuntho za subtropiki, koma kotentha kwambiri ndi dzuŵa lochepa: maola a dzuŵa pachaka ndi 677–1068 okha, ndipo gawo la dzuŵa (日照率) ndi 15–24%. Awa ndi amodzi mwa malo a tiyi okhala ndi “mitambo yambiri” kwambiri ku China. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 13.9–15°C. Mvula yapachaka ndi 1100–1800 mm. Chinyezi chapafupi ndi ≥80%. Masiku a nthunzi kumalo apakati a kupanga ndi opitilira 200. Nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 300–340.

• Kutalika kwa malo: 800–1400 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo apakati a kupanga ali pa 1200–1500 m, m’dera lamitambo nthawi zonse.

• Nthaka: Nthaka zachikasu za asidi (酸性黄壤, suānxìng huáng rǎng) zokhala ndi pH 4.4–4.85. Zomwe zimapezeka m’nthaka ndi 3.19% (chiŵerengero chokwezeka kwambiri). Nthaka zili ndi mchere wochuluka.

• Madera ofunikira kupanga:

  • Katawuni ya Yúnwù (云雾镇), mudzi wa Yǎngwàng (仰望村) — malo apakati a mbiri opangira, pamene mwala wa “Wàngǔ Liúfāng” uli. Mudzi wa Niǎowáng (鸟王村) ndi “chiyambi” cha mtundu wa Niǎowáng.
  • Mudzi wa Yíngshān (营上村) — minda yakale ya tiyi.
  • Famu ya tiyi ya “Yúnwù Hú” (云雾湖茶场) — malo amakono a kupanga. Kudzaza ndi nkhalango ndi 44%.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Guìdìng xuě yá amapangidwa motsatira “Njira za masitepe asanu ndi anayi” (九步法, jiǔ bù fǎ) zomwe zidapangidwa ndi mmisiri Li Jinshi mu 1971–1982, potengera mwambo wakale wa “kuyatsa katatu ndi kukhotetsa katatu” (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu). Chinthu chapadera ndi chakuti kupanga mawonekedwe a “mbedza” kozungulira kumachitika mwachindunji m’miphika yotentha.

• Kukolola (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Kukolola ndi dzanja motsatira mulingo wa “lilime la chikhwezu”.

• Kuyala (摊凉 — tān liáng): Mphukira zimayalidwa pa zosefera za nsungwi kwa maola 2–4.

• “Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青 — shāqīng): Kukonza pa 130–150°C. Kuyimitsa ma enzymes, kuyambitsa maziko a kununkhira.

• Kukhotetsa m’mphika — kukhotetsa kotentha (锅内热揉 — guōnèi rè róu): Gawo lapadera: kukhotetsa kumachitika mwachindunji m’mphika wotentha, osati pa tebulo lapadera. Magawo atatu a “kukhotetsa kotentha” amapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira a “mbedza ya nsomba”.

• Kupanga — “kugudubuza ndi kukweza tsitsi” (搓团提毫 — cuōtuán tíháo): Masamba amagudubuzidwa kukhala zokhotakhota zolimba, ndipo tsitsi lasiliva “limakwezedwa” pamwamba.

• Kuyanika (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Kuyanika komaliza pa moto wochepa (文火足干, wénhuǒ zúgān) mpaka chinyezi chonse chitachoka. Njira yosamala imasunga kununkhira kwa uchi.

6. Makhalidwe a Maganizo:

• Mawonekedwe a tiyi youma: Zokhotakhota zolimba (紧秀如螺), zofanana ndi mbedza za nsomba (鱼钩状弯曲), makamaka za magulu apamwamba. Mtundu: wobiriwira ngati emeralo ndi tsitsi lochuluka lasiliva (翠绿披银毫). Kwa gulu lapamwamba, mpaka 80% ya pamwamba ndi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi.

• Kununkhira kwa tiyi youma: Uchi (蜜香, mìxiāng) — ndiye mphamvu yayikulu komanso yodziwika bwino ya Guìdìng xuě yá. Imathandizidwa ndi kununkhira kwakukulu kwa maluwa (花香高扬). Kapu yozizira imasunga kununkhira kwa mphindi zoposa 30, chomwe ndi chowoneka chapadera.

• Kununkhira kwa madzi a tiyi: Uchi ndi maluwa, kokhazikika komanso kolemera. Kwa magawo abwino kwambiri, kuli ndi kununkhira kwa ladanum ndi uchi wa m’mapiri.

• Kulaŵa: Kwatsopano (鲜爽) ndi “kuthirira” kwakukulu — zotsatira za kuchuluka kwapadera kwa ma amino acid (6–9%, malinga ndi zina). Thupi lolemera (醇厚, chúnhòu) chifukwa cha ma polyphenols (25–30%). Kubwerera kwa kutsekemera (回甘) kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali ndi kochulukirapo.

• Mtundu wa madzi: Achikasu-obiriwira, owala komanso oonekera (黄绿明亮).

• Pansi pa tiyi (masamba opangidwa): Wobiriwira wofewa, wofanana, mphukira zimatseguka zonse. Mukaphika mu galasi lagalasi, pamawonekera chinthu chapadera: mtambo wa nthunzi pamwamba pa kapu poyamba umafanana ndi ambulera, kenako ndi mtambo, ndipo umakwera pang’onopang’ono mmwambamwamba. Chifukwa cha chodabwitsa chimenechi, tiyiyi idatchedwa dzina lina: “Tii yamitambo” (云雾茶).

7. Mankhwala Opezeka:

• Ma Polyphenols: 25–30% (pa mtundu wa Niǎowáng — mpaka 31.67%). Amapereka thupi lolemera ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa antioxidant.
• Ma Amino acid (kuphatikizapo L-theanine): 6–9% (malinga ndi zina zochokera ku magwero; ziŵerengero zokhazikika za mtundu wa Niǎowáng — 2.18%). Chiŵerengero chapadera chomwe chimafotokoza kutsekemera kwa uchi ndi “kuthirira”.
• Caffeine: ~3.39% (pa mtundu wa Niǎowáng). Mulingo wokwanira.
• Zotulutsa zamadzi: ≥43.28%. Kulemera kwa zosungunuka.
• Ma Catechins: 114.66 mg/g. Mulingo wokwera wa EGCG.
• Mavitamini: Vitamini C, mavitamini a gulu B.
• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, zinki, manganese.

8. Ubwino wa Thanzi:

• Ntchito yolimba ya antioxidant: Ma polyphenols 25–30% + ma catechins 114.66 mg/g.
• Mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi: Caffeine (~3.4%) kuphatikiza ndi L-theanine: mphamvu yofewa ya “pang’onopang’ono”.
• Mphamvu yotsitsimula ndi yochepetsa kutentha: Chikhalidwe “chozizira” cha tiyi yobiriwira, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m’miyezi yotentha.
• Kuthandizira chakudya: Ma catechins amathandiza kuti tizilombo ta m’mimba tiziyenda bwino.
• Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima: Ma polyphenols amathandiza kuti mafuta a m’thupi aziyenda bwino.
• Kulimbitsa thupi lonse: Kuphatikiza kwa mavitamini ndi mchere ochokera m’nthaka zamapiri zolemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Chotengera: Galasi lagalasi (kuwonera momwe mtambo wa nthunzi umayendera) kapena gaiwan yadothi.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsani galasi kapena gaiwan.
  2. Thirani tiyi.
  3. Njira ya “kutsanulira pansi” (下投法): tsanulani 1/3 ya madzi, “sambitsani” tiyi (润茶) kwa masekondi 30, tsanulirani.
  4. Onjezani madzi kufika 7/10 ya kuchuluka kwake. Dikirani mphindi 1–2.
  5. Gulu lapamwamba limatha kukaphikidwa katatu; kaphikidwe kena kalikonse muzionjezera masekondi 10.
  6. Kutentha kwabwino kolaŵa ndi ~60°C: pa kutenthaku, kutsitsimula kumakhala kwakukulu.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutseka bwino, otetezedwa ku kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo.
• Kwabwino kwambiri — mufiriji pa 0–5°C.
• Mukatsegula, mudye pasanathe mwezi umodzi.
• Pewani kukaphikitsa kupitirira mphindi zitatu: kukaphikitsa kwanthawi yayitali kumawonjezera kuwawa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zithumwa:

• Mtundu wa mtengo: Gawo lapamwamba la tiyi zobiriwira za Guizhou. Gulu lapamwamba (特级, míngqiánchá) lochokera ku mtundu wa Niǎowáng: kuyambira 600–1000 yuan pa 500 g. Gulu loyamba: 300–500 yuan. Gulu lachiwiri: lotsika mtengo.
• Momwe mungapewere zithumwa:
  • Gulani kuchokera kwa opanga omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo “贵定云雾贡茶”.
  • Tiyi yeniyeni ndi yokhotakhota yolimba yokhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka ndi fungo lodziwika la uchi. Zithumwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa, zopanda fungo la uchi.
  • Kapu yozizira iyenera kusunga kununkhira kwa mphindi ≥15 — ndi mayeso odalirika.
  • Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi chenjezo: zopangira zenizeni za Niǎowáng ndi zochepa.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

• Mwala wokhawo wa “gongcha” ku Guizhou. “Yúnwù Gòngchá Bēi” (1790, zilembo 228) ndi chipilala chamwala chokhacho m’chigawo chotsimikizira udindo wa tiyi wa mfumu. Kuyambira 1982, ndi chinthu chotetezedwa. Mwala wa “Wàngǔ Liúfāng” — “Kununkhira kwa mibadwo 10,000” — unalemba osati udindo wa tiyi wokha, komanso ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe: kumasula alimi a Miao ku msonkho wolemera wa tiyi.

• Mabokosi awiri a Cixi. Mu 1904–1905, bwanamkubwa wa Guizhou Lin Shaonian adatumiza ku bwalo la mfumu mabokosi awiri a tiyi ya Guiding: “lina la mfumu, lina la Agogo Akazi a Mfumu”. Zolembedwazo zidasungidwa mu Zolemba Zachinsinsi za nyumba ya Qing (中国第一档案馆).

• “Tiyi ya Buddha”. Mu 1997, wapampando wa bungwe la Buddhist Association ku China, Zhao Puchu, atalaŵa tiyi yopangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira za phiri la Yangbaoshan (malo opatulika a Buddha a Guiding), adalemba ndi dzanja lake zilembo zoti “佛茶” — “Tiyi ya Buddha”.

• Mapoint 99.85. Mu 1990, Guìdìng xuě yá adapeza 99.85 mwa 100 mapoint pa Kuunika Kwa Tiyi Zodziwika Ku China Konse, chotsatira chapamwamba kwambiri m’dzikolo chaka chimenecho. Izi zidatsegula njira yodziwika padziko lonse.

• Mphamvu ya nthunzi ya “mitambo”. Mu “Zhongguo Wenyi Jicheng Zhishu” (《中国文艺集成志书》) adafotokozedwa mawonekedwe apadera: “Mukachotsa chivundikiro, nthunzi yoyera imatuluka m’kapu: poyamba ngati ambulera, kenako ngati mtambo, ndipo pang’onopang’ono imakwera kumwamba. Chifukwa chake tiyi imatchedwa ‘Tiyi yamitambo’.”

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi zina zobiriwira za Guizhou:

• Dōuyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖): Tiyi yaikulu ya “dzina” ya Guizhou. Yokhotakhota, yokhala ndi tsitsi. Guìdìng xuě yá ndi tiyi ya “chipale chofewa” yokhala ndi kawonekedwe “kofewa” koposa, kuchokera kudera lina.

• Méitán Cuì Yá (湄潭翠芽): Yosalala, yonga ya Longjing. Guìdìng xuě yá ndi yonga singano/yokhotakhota, ndi “maluwa” ochuluka.

• Léigōngshān Chá (雷公山茶): Komanso ku Guizhou, wamapiri. Guìdìng amachokera ku chigawo cha Guiding, wokhala ndi kukongola kwapadera kwa “chipale” ndi mbiri ya fuko lakale la Miao.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi zina zobiriwira za Guizhou:

• Dōuyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖): Tiyi yaikulu ya “dzina” ya Guizhou. Yokhotakhota, yokhala ndi tsitsi, yokhala ndi mtsitsimulo wakuthwa. Guìdìng xuě yá ndi “masingano” oongoka, kutsekemera kwa uchi, komanso koposa mosamala.

• Méitán Cuì Yá (湄潭翠芽): Yosalala, ndi fungo la mtedza (loyandikira Long Jing). Guìdìng ndi “singano”, ya maluwa ndi uchi, yokhala ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi ya “gongcha”.

• Léishān Yínqiú Chá (雷山银球茶): Tiyi yamipira, yochokanso kumapiri a Miáolǐng. Mawonekedwe osiyana kotheratu, koma malo ofanana (mapiri amitambo, 1200+ m).

Pomaliza:

Guìdìng xuě yá ndi tiyi yokhala ndi chibadwa chomwe chingasirire “akulu khumi” ambiri: kuyambira pa kutchulidwa koyamba m’zolemba za Ufumu wa Yuan (1325), kupyolera mu mwala wa Qianlong (1790), mabokosi a Cixi (1904), zilembo za “Tiyi ya Buddha” (1997), mpaka mapoint apamwamba kwambiri pa kuunika kwa tiyi ku China konse (1990). Kumbuyo kwa mbiri imeneyi kuli malo apadera: phiri lalikulu la Miáolǐng, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mitambo masiku oposa 200 pachaka, ndi mtundu wapadera wa Niǎowáng, wopanda wofanana kunja kwa Guiding. M’kapu muli kutsekemera kwa uchi ndi fungo la maluwa, ndi nthunzi ya “mtambo” pamwamba pa madzi a tiyi. Tiyi ya iwo omwe amayamika osati kulaŵa kokha, komanso mbiri mu kumeza kulikonse.