Guangxi Xuě Yá

Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wamakono, wopangidwa ndi luso lapadera kuchokera ku dera la mapiri la Bǎisè m’chigawo chodziyimira cha Guangxi Zhuang. Tiyiyu anapangidwa pophatikiza miyambo iŵiri: masamba osalala a mtundu wa Fuding Da Bai Hao (福鼎大白毫), omwe mwamwambo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tiyi woyera, amakonzedwa ndi njira ya tiyi wobiriŵira yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Zotsatira zake ndi tiyi wokhala ndi mphukira zasiliva, kutsekemera kwapafupi, ndi kukoma kwachilendo kwa zipatso ndi maluŵa, zomwe sizidziŵika ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wachikale waku China.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriŵira (绿茶, lǜchá) – wopanda fermentation, mlingo wa okisijeni wochepera 10%. Kuthetsa ma enzyme ndi kutentha (杀青, shāqīng).
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriŵira wamakono wopangidwa ndi mphukira ndi masamba achichepere; womwazika (散茶, sǎnchá), wopanda kukanikizidwa kapena kununkhiritsidwa. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya tiyi “yophatikiza” yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mbewu ya tiyi woyera koma njira ya tiyi wobiriŵira.
• Chiyambi: China, Chigawo Chodziyimira cha Guangxi Zhuang (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), dera la Bǎisè (百色, Bǎisè). Minda ya tiyi ili m’mapiri pa utali wa 800–1,200 m, malo ena (monga Nanling, 南岭) mpaka 1,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Derali lili m’malire ndi gawo la kulima tiyi la Lingyun County (凌云县, Língyún Xiàn), lodziŵika ndi tiyi wake wa Lingyun Bai Hao (凌云白毫, Língyún Báiháo) – yemwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo (geographical indication) chadziko lonse.
• Malo a Geography: ≈ 23.9° N, 106.6° E (dera la Bǎisè; minda imagaŵidwa m’mphepete mwa mapiri kumpoto chakumadzulo).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Lingaliro la kupanga Guangxi Xuě Yá linayamba m’zaka za m’ma 2010 ngati yankho ku chidwi chokulirapo cha msika wapadziko lonse pa mitundu ya tiyi “yophatikiza” ndi yosachiritsika. Opanga a m’dera la Bǎisè, omwe anali ndi mwayi wofikira ku minda ya mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao (yomwe poyamba inabweretsedwa kuchokera ku chigawo cha Fujian kuti ipange tiyi woyera), anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya tiyi wobiriŵira pa zinthu zopangira “tiyi woyera”. Zotsatira zake zinali mankhwala okhala ndi kakomedwe kapadera, kophatikiza kutsekemera ndi mafungo atsopano a zomera, zomwe sizingapezeke mwa njira yachikale.

  Mosiyana ndi tiyi wa mbiri yakale wa m’derali – Lingyun Bai Hao yemwe ali ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi – Guangxi Xuě Yá alibe m’bado wakale, koma mwamsanga adalandira ulemu pa msika wapadziko lonse chifukwa cha kusakhala kwake wamba. “Xuě Yá” (雪芽, Xuě Yá) m’masuliridwe enieni amatanthauza “mphukira ya chipale chofewa” – dzinali limasonyeza tsitsi loyera-lasiliva lomwe limaphimba mphukira zazing’ono za Fuding Da Bai Hao ndi kupangitsa masamba owuma kuoneka ngati aphimbidwa ndi chisanu.

• Dzina:

  • 广西 (Guǎngxī) – Guangxi, chigawo chodziyimira kummwera kwa China.
  • 雪 (xuě) – chipale chofewa.
  • 芽 (yá) – mphukira, chimera. Potero, “Guangxi Xuě Yá” – “Mphukira ya Chipale Chofewa yochokera ku Guangxi”.

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dera la Bǎisè ndi limodzi mwa likulu la chikhalidwe cha Zhuang kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa China, lodziŵika m’mbiri yakale ngati kwawo kwa Lingyun Bai Hao ndi minda yomwe imatha kutulutsa zinthu zopangira magulu onse asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi waku China (绿、红、白、黄、黑、青 – “mtengo umodzi – masinthidwe chikwi”, 一茶千化, yī chá qiān huà). Kubwera kwa Guangxi Xuě Yá kumasonyeza mphamvu ya kulenga kwa opanga a m’derali: pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodziŵika bwino za “tiyi woyera”, iwo adapanga chinthu chatsopano kotheratu chomwe chimakulitsa malire a magulu okhazikika.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Mbewu: Fuding Da Bai Hao (福鼎大白毫, Fúdǐng Dàbái Háo), wodziŵikanso monga Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) – Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, mtundu wa China. Mbewuyi inasankhidwa m’boma la Fuding (福鼎, Fúdǐng) m’chigawo cha Fujian ndipo mwamwambo ndiye maziko a Bai Hao Yin Zhen (白毫银针, Báiháo Yínzhēn – “Masingano a Siliva”). M’khalidwe la Guangxi, imapanga mawonekedwe a mtengo wa pakati, kufika kutalika kwa 1.5–2 m. Masamba ndi ooneka ngati mphero, kukula mpaka 15×7 cm. Mphukira zazing’ono zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera-lasiliva (白毫, báiháo). Kukula pang’onopang’ono pa utali wa 800–1,500 m kumathandiza kuti tiyiyu akhale ndi L-theanine (mpaka 2%) ndi ma catechin (mpaka 18%).
• Kututa: Kumayambiriro kwa masika okha – mwezi wa March, chikondwerero cha Qingming chisanafike (清明, Qīngmíng). Mulingo wokutira ndi mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba loyamba laling’ono (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè), “kutuluka”. Zokolola za zinthu zoterezi zosalamulirika n’zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiyiyu akhale wamtengo wapatali.
• Zofunika pazinthu: Mphukira ndi masamba athunthu, olimba, opanda zowonongeka; tsitsi loyera-lasiliva lofanana mosamala; kusapezeka kwa “kukalamba” kwachikasu; kutumizidwa mwamsanga kumalo opangira kuti tipewe okisijeni wosayendetsedwa.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Malo ndi nyengo: Dera la mapiri la Bǎisè lili kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa phiri la Yunnan-Guizhou. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka – pafupifupi 16 °C; chinyezi chambiri – pafupifupi 85%; mvula ya pachaka – 1,800–2,000 mm. Dzuŵa – pafupifupi maola 1,700 pachaka, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya dzuŵa limeneli ndi yobalalika chifukwa cha chifunga chambiri. Mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri pakukula pang’onopang’ono kwa zitsamba za tiyi ndi kudza kwa ma amino acid ofunika ndi mankhwala onunkhira.
• Utali wa kulima: 800–1,200 m (minda ikuluikulu); mpaka 1,500 m (malo ena, mwachitsanzo Nanling). Mapiri amapereka kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku, zomwe n’zofunika kwambiri pakupanga kutsekemera ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa kakomedwe.
• Dothi: Dothi lofiira-lachikasu la ferralitic (红黄壤, hónghuáng rǎng), lolemera ndi organic; kutuluka kwabwino kwa madzi m’mapiri.
• Ulimi: Minda ina m’derali imatsatira mfundo za ulimi wa organic: fetereza zachilengedwe (manyowa ochokera ku zotsalira za zomera za m’deralo), kusowa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, njira zamakina zolimbana ndi tizirombo. Komabe, mlingo wa satifiketi umasiyana pakati pa opanga – pogula, ndi bwino kufunsa ngati pali chizindikiro cha organic.
• Mphamvu ya terroir pa kakomedwe: Kusamuka kwa mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao kuchokera ku Fujian yapamphepete mwa nyanja kupita ku mapiri a Guangxi otentha kumasintha “manja” ake a kumverera: dothi lofiira-lachikasu la ferralitic mmalo mwa la m’mphepete mwa nyanja, chinyezi chapakati pachaka chokulirapo, mtundu wosiyana wa kuŵala kobalalika. Zinthu zimenezi, molingana ndi opanga, zimalimbikitsa kukoma kwa zipatso za kumalo otentha ndikusungunula “utuchi wa uchi wozizira” womwe umadziŵika ndi zinthu za ku Fujian.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa Guangxi Xuě Yá kuli pa kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kwa tiyi wobiriŵira pa zinthu zomwe ku Fujian kwawo zimakonzedwa ndi kufota kwanthawi yayitali ndi kuumitsa padzuŵa (njira ya tiyi woyera). Ndiko “kugundana” uku kwa mbewu ndi ukadaulo komwe kumapanga kakomedwe kapadera.

• Kufota (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Masamba otumizidwa amayalidwa mosamala pa thireyi za nsungwi m’chipinda chopumira mphepo pa kutentha pafupifupi 20 °C kwa nthawi yopitirira maola 24. Masamba amataya pafupifupi 30% ya chinyezi, amakhala ofewa ndikukonzeka kutenthedwa. Gawo ili ndilotalikirapo kuposa la tiyi wobiriŵira wambiri – limasunga “chisamaliro” cha tiyi woyera pakugwira zinthu zosalala.
• Kutentha (杀青 — shāqīng): Mphindi yofunika imene imasiyanitsa Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi tiyi woyera. Masamba amawotchedwa mwamsanga mu mapoto a nkhuni (锅炒, guōchǎo) pa kutentha pafupifupi 180 °C kwa masekondi pafupifupi 30. Kutentha kwakukulu kumalepheretsa polyphenol oxidase ndi peroxidase, kuyimitsa okisijeni ndikusunga mtundu wobiriŵira wa masamba ndi mpaka 80% ya ma polyphenol.
• Kupota (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kupota pamanja, kosamalitsa – masamba amawapatsa mawonekedwe apadera ozungulira, osawononga mphukira zosalamulirika. Kukhudza kochepa kwambiri ndi china mwa zotsatira za njira ya “tiyi woyera”.
• Kuumitsa (烘干 — hōnggān): Mwapang’onopang’ono, pa kutentha komwe kumakwera pang’onopang’ono kuchokera 50 mpaka 90 °C; chinyezi chotsalazo chochepera 5%. Kukwera kwapang’onopang’ono kwa kutentha kumatsimikizira kukhazikika posunga ndi kuteteza “kuwotcha” kwa mafungo abwino.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumverera:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Makulungidwe pang’ono ozungulira a mphukira zasiliva ndi masamba achichepere osalala; mtundu – wobiriŵira-siliva, ndi tsitsi loyera lambiri.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Latsopano, lokhala ndi mafungo a udzu wa m’madambo, udzu wouma, miyala yonyowa ndi kanthu kakang’ono ka maluŵa, kofanana ndi jasmine.
• Fungo la chomwa: Losalala, latsopano, la maluŵa ndi udzu lokhala ndi maziko “otentha” okoma.
• Kakomedwe: Kofewa, kotsekemera; kumalamulira mafungo a zipatso za kumalo otentha (mango), kukoma kwa acid pang’ono (sea buckthorn) ndi mathero otsitsimula a udzu. Thupi – loterezi ngati silika, “lophimba”, lopanda kuŵaŵa.
• Mtundu wa chomwa: Choyera kwambiri, chotumbululuka cha amber chokhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriŵira; choyera.
• Kukoma kotsalira: Kwakutali, kotsitsimula, ndi kumverera kwa “kuzizira” pang’ono m’kamwa – mafungo omalizira a “mint-amondi”, pang’onopang’ono akusintha kukhala kutsekemera koyera. Ndiko kumene kumawonekera bwino khalidwe la mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao: kufewa ndi “kufuŵafuŵa” kosatheka ndi tiyi wamba wobiriŵira.
• Kukhudza: Kapangidwe ka chomwa “koterera”, ngati silika – popanda kufinya kowuma ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli koyenera.
• Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Mphukira zosalala, zathunthu ndi masamba aching’ono – obiriŵira mopepuka, olimba, ofanana mosiyanasiyana.

Chidziŵitso: Mukamwera ndi madzi otentha kwambiri (kuposa 75 °C) kakomedwe kangakhale ndi kuŵaŵa pang’ono chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa mopitirira muyeso kwa gallic acid – tiyi amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Mbiri ya Guangxi Xuě Yá imaphatikiza mikhalidwe ya tiyi wobiriŵira ndi zina zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao.

• Ma Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Mulingo wokwera wa ma catechin (mpaka 18%), mwa iwo wamkulu ndi epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, pafupifupi 12% ya kulemera kowuma) – imodzi mwa ma antioxidant achilengedwe amphamvu kwambiri.
• Ma Amino Acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Mulingo wokwezeka wa L-theanine (pafupifupi 2%), wokulirapo kuposa wa tiyi wambiri wobiriŵira. Theanine ndiye imayambitsa kutsekemera kwapadera (umami) ndi gawo lopumula la mphamvu ya tiyi.
• Chlorogenic Acid (绿原酸, lǜyuán suān): Pafupifupi 5% – mankhwala a polyphenolic okhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant ndi yochepetsera shuga pang’ono.
• Mankhwala onunkhira osakhazikika: Mumapezeka mulingo wokwezeka wa β-ionone (mafungo a maluŵa) ndi methyl salicylate – yotsirizirayi, malinga ndi opanga, ili pafupifupi kanayi kuposa ya tiyi wamba wobiriŵira, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito yapadera ya ma enzyme a mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao.
• Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): Mulingo wapakatikati, womwe umapereka mphamvu yofewa yolimbikitsa popanda “kuphulika” mwadzidzidzi.
• Mavitamini: C, E, gulu B; chiyambi cha kumapiri chimathandiza kusunga vitamini C yomwe imawonongeka ndi kutentha.
• Mchere: Zomwe zilipo ndi zofala ku dothi lofiira-lachikasu la ferralitic la Guangxi: potaziyamu, kashiamu, maginiziyamu, manganizi.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

• Ntchito ya Antioxidant: Mulingo wokwera wa EGCG umapereka kuthetsa kwamphamvu kwa ma free radical; malinga ndi zina, mtengo wa ORAC (mphamvu ya antioxidant) wa tiyi wa mtundu uwu ungafike 12,000 μmol TE/g.
• Ntchito za ubongo ndi kupumula: L-theanine yochuluka imathandiza kupumula popanda kugona, imathandizira kukhazikika kwamaganizo ndipo ingakhale ndi mphamvu yoteteza minyewa.
• Kulimbikitsa kofewa: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine – mphamvu yosalala popanda nkhaŵa; tiyi wabwino kwambiri wa “m’mawa”.
• Kuthandiza kagayidwe kachakudya: Kafukufuku wa in vitro amasonyeza kuti zigawo za tiyi wobiriŵira zimatha kuletsa alpha-glucosidase, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pakuwongolera mulingo wa shuga m’magazi.
• Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Ma catechin amathandiza kusunga kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha ndi kukhazikika kwa mafuta.
• Khungu ndi kukalamba: Ma polyphenol amateteza khungu ku kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kukalamba kochititsidwa ndi dzuŵa.

Chidziŵitso: Ichi ndi chakudya, osati mankhwala. Ngati mukukhudzidwa ndi caffeine, chepetsani muyeso ndi kutentha. Ma tannin mu tiyi angachepetse pang’ono mayamwidwe a iron – sikoyenera kumwa tiyi nthawi yomweyo kapena atangomwa chakudya chokhala ndi iron yambiri.

9. Kaphikidwe:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 65–70 °C. Ili ndi limodzi mwa tiyi wobiriŵira “wozizira” kwambiri potengera kutentha koyenera – madzi otentha kwambiri (kuposa 75 °C) amayambitsa kuŵaŵa ndi kuwononga mafungo osalala.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3–4 g pa 150 ml (gaiwan); kapena 1 g pa 50 ml (pachiyeso champhamvu).

• Chombo: Gaiwan ya porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) kapena mtsuko wa dothi la Yixing (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) – kuti kusungidwe kutentha bwino. Chombo cha galasi – kuti musangalale ndi maonekedwe a mphukira zasiliva m’chomwa choyera. Pewani zosefera zachitsulo – zingasinthe kakomedwe.

• Ndondomeko (kutsanulira mobwerezabwereza):

  1. Tenthetsani chombo ndi madzi otentha; tsanulani.
  2. Ikani tiyiyo; mulole kuti “idzuke” kwa masekondi 20–30 m’chombo chotsekedwa chotentha.
  3. Kutsanulira koyamba: 65–70 °C, masekondi 40–45.
  4. Kutsanulira kulikonse kotsatira – onjezerani masekondi 15.
  5. Tiyi amatha kupirira kutsanulira kokwanira mpaka 5, pang’onopang’ono kuwulula mbali zatsopano za kakomedwe.

• Malangizo: Ngati muli ndi chizoloŵezi chomwera tiyi wobiriŵira pa 80 °C – chepetsani kutentha ndi madigiri 10–15. Guangxi Xuě Yá “amapereka mphotho” pa kuleza mtima: pa 65 °C amapereka kutsekemera kwake ndi kukoma kwa zipatso kopambana.

10. Kusunga:

• Kuyika m’zotengera zotseka bwino, zosaonekera; posunga kwanthawi yaitali (kuposa chaka chimodzi) vacuum ndiyo yoyenera.
• Kusunga pamalo ouma, ozizira (pansi pa 25 °C), kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuŵa ndi magwero a mafungo amphamvu.
• N’koyenera – m’firiji (0–5 °C) mutatsekedwa mwathunthu.
• Pewani kukhala pafupi ndi zakudya zokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu: zokometsera, zipatso zouma (makamaka longan wouma – molingana ndi opanga, amathandizira kukalamba kwa tiyi).
• Titangotsegula – agwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 1–2. Nthawi yonse yosungidwa m’paketi yoyambirira – mpaka miyezi 12.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

• Mtengo: Guangxi Xuě Yá amaikidwa ngati tiyi wa kalasi yapamwamba: zinthu zosalala za m’masika, kututa pamanja, zokolola zochepa. Mtengo wogulitsa wongoyerekeza – pafupifupi $80–120 pa kg (malinga ndi deta ya 2025). Mtengo ndi wokulirapo kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriŵira waku Guangxi, koma ukufanana ndi wa Lingyun Bai Hao wapamwamba.
• Zonyenga zodziŵika: Tiyi wochokera kumadera ena (Hunan, Sichuan) wopangidwa ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito utoto (chlorophyllin) kutengera ubiriŵira watsopano. Mtengo wa zonyenga – $20–40 pa kg.
• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe amatchula famu ndi batch.
  • Yang’anani maonekedwe: tiyi weniweni – mphukira zasiliva zathunthu ndi masamba osalala a mawonekedwe apadera ozungulira; ofanana, opanda “fumbi” ndi zidutswa.
  • Unikani fungo: kutsitsimula koyera, mafungo a maluŵa ndi zipatso; opanda mafungo a “mankhwala onunkhiritsa” kapena “mankhwala”.
  • Yang’anani chomwa: chotumbululuka cha amber ndi mawonekedwe obiriŵira; zonyenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriŵira kwambiri mopanda malire (chizindikiro cha utoto).
  • Kuti mudziŵe mwaukadaulo: microscopy imatha kuonetsa ma trichome apadera a mbewu ya Fuding Da Bai Hao; kusanthula kwa labotale kwa chiŵerengero cha EGCG ndi L-theanine (tiyi weniweni – pafupifupi 6.0; zonyenga – pansi pa 4.0).

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi imodzi mwa tiyi ochepa obiriŵira omwe mwadala amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu ya “tiyi woyera” ndikuyikonza m’njira ya “wobiriŵira”. Njirayi inatheka chifukwa cha kubweretsa Fuding Da Bai Hao kunja kwa kwawo ku Fujian kupita ku madera amapiri a Guangxi, kumene nyengo ndi dothi linapereka ku zinthu zopangira makhalidwe atsopano a kumverera.
• Malinga ndi opanga, tiyiyu ali ndi mulingo wokwezeka wa methyl salicylate – mankhwala odziŵika m’mankhwala onunkhiritsa monga “mafuta a wintergreen” – zomwe zimathandizira pa mafungo achilendo a “kuzizira” pambuyo pakumwa.
• Dera la Bǎisè lili m’malire ndi malo opangira Lingyun Bai Hao – mbewu yapadera yomwe imatha kutulutsa zinthu zopangira magulu onse asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi. Guangxi Xuě Yá, ngakhale kuti si ya mtundu womwewo wa mbewu, ikupitiriza filosofi ya derali: “malire pakati pa magulu a tiyi ndi osinthika.”
• Kuyesa kwasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera Guangxi Xuě Yá ku mitundu ina ya oolong kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kakomedwe kawo – chiwonetsero chochititsa chidwi cha mphamvu ya tiyi ngati “chophatikiza chosakaniza.”
• Guangxi ndi limodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri olima tiyi ku China: chikhalidwe cha tiyi kuno chinayamba m’nthawi ya Tang (唐, Táng, 618–907 CE), pamene chigawochi chinali m’gawo la tiyi la Lingnan (岭南茶区, Lǐngnán cháqū). Kubwera kwa Guangxi Xuě Yá m’zaka za m’ma 2100 ndi mutu winanso wam’mbiri ya tiyi ya zaka chikwi ya chigawochi, wolembedwa tsopano ndi chinenero cha ukadaulo watsopano.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriŵira Wopangidwa Kuchokera ku Zinthu za “Tiyi Woyera” ndi Mitundu Ina ya Tiyi ya ku Guangxi:

• Lingyun Bai Hao (凌云白毫, Língyún Báiháo): Tiyi wamkulu wobiriŵira wa m’dera la Bǎisè. Amachokera ku mbewu yake yeniyeni ya m’deralo (乔木大叶种, qiáomù dàyè zhǒng), osati ku Fuding Da Bai Hao. Ndi tiyi wobiriŵira “wachikale” kwambiri: mafungo a mtedza wotentha (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), thupi lolimba, kupirira kwakukulu kwa kumwera mobwerezabwereza. Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi wosalala kwambiri, wotsekemera kwambiri, wokhala ndi mbali yodziŵika bwino ya zipatso ndi maluŵa.
• Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá): Nayenso ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wochokera ku mbewu “yoyera”, koma yosiyana kotheratu – yochokera ku mtundu wosinthika wokhala ndi chlorophyll yochepa (Zhejiang). Anji Bai Cha ndi wofewa kwambiri, wokhala ndi kutsekemera kwa amino acid kufika 10%. Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi wolimba kwambiri, wokhala ndi kukoma kwa acid wa zipatso ndi khalidwe la “kumalo otentha” limene Anji alibe.
• Bai Hao Yin Zhen (白毫银针, Báiháo Yínzhēn): Tiyi woyera wochokera ku mbewu yomweyo (Fuding Da Bai Hao), koma wokonzedwa ndi njira ya tiyi woyera (popanda kutentha). Yin Zhen – “kukonza kochepa”: kutsekemera ngati uchi, fungo la maluŵa ndi udzu wouma, thupi lofewa kwambiri. Guangxi Xuě Yá, amene anadutsa pa kutentha ndi kupota, ndi “wobiriŵira” kwambiri m’makhalidwe: watsopano kwambiri, wa udzu, wokhala ndi kakomedwe kosiyana kwambiri.
• Fuding Lü Xue Ya (福鼎绿雪芽): Dzina lakale lomwe limagwirizana ndi mtengo wa amayi wa tiyi woyera pa Phiri la Taimu (太姥山); tsopano ndi mtundu wa tiyi woyera wochokera ku Fuding. Ngakhale kuti mawuwo akufanana, Fuding Lü Xue Ya ndi Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi zinthu zosiyana kotheratu: woyamba ndi tiyi woyera wachikale, wachiŵiri ndi tiyi wobiriŵira wapadera.

14. Zotsutsana:

• Kusalolera kwa munthu payekha ku zigawo za tiyi.
• Kuchepa kwa iron m’magazi: Ma tannin angachepetse pang’ono mayamwidwe a iron yopanda heme; ndi bwino kulekanitsa kumwa tiyi ndi chakudya chokhala ndi iron yambiri ndi mphindi 30–60.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena: Mukamamwa ma antidepressant (SSRIs) kapena mankhwala ena omwe amalumikizana ndi monoaminoxidase, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala.
• Kukhala ndi pakati: M’miyezi itatu yomaliza ya pakati, ndi bwino kuchepetsa kumwa tiyi kufika 200 ml patsiku chifukwa cha caffeine.
• M’mimba yosachedwa kupsa: Osamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu; yambani ndi mlingo wochepa.

Pomaliza:

Guangxi Xuě Yá ndi tiyi woyesera amene wakhala chinthu: kugundana kwa dala kwa mbewu ya “tiyi woyera” ndi ukadaulo wa “tiyi wobiriŵira” kwapereka msika chinthu chomwe sichikwanira m’gulu lililonse lozolowereka. Mphukira zasiliva, kakomedwe kofewa ngati zipatso za kumalo otentha, kutsekemera kosalala kwa L-theanine ndi mathero otsitsimula okhala ndi mafungo a “zobiriŵira za m’nyengo yozizira” – zonsezi zikupanga chithunzi cha tiyi yemwe angapereke mbali zatsopano za kakomedwe ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziŵa bwino. Muwaphike mosamala – pa 65–70 °C, mopanda changu – ndipo Guangxi Xuě Yá adzakuyankhani ndi kuwolowa manja kumene “mphukira za chipale chofewa” za m’mapiri akummwera kwa China zimanyamula.