Tiyi Wakuda wa Kale wa Yi · new.thetea.app

Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ni tiyi wakuda wopangidwa ndi njira yochedwetsa kupsa kuchokera ku boma la Yī Xiàn (黟县, Yī Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Ānhuī, womwe umadziwikanso ndi dzina lakale la Ān Chá (安茶, Ān Chá) — “Tiyi wochokera ku Anhui”. Tiyiyu, yemwe kale ankalemekezedwa ndi amalonda a ku Huizhou, a huī shāng (徽商, Huī shāng), anayenda ulendo wochokera ku mabwalo amfumu kupita ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala ku Southeast Asia, kumene ankatchedwa “tiyi wopatulika” (圣茶, shèng chá) chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu zamankhwala. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu zolibala, Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá akutulukiranso, n’kuphatikiza luso lachikale la Anhui ndi njira zamakono zopangira tiyi wakuda.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wakuda wochedwetsa kupsa (hēi chá, 黑茶, hēi chá). Ali m’gulu la tiyi momwe kuphatikizika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa kuvunda mu gawo la wò duī (渥堆, wò duī — “mulu wonyowa”) n’kofunika kwambiri, komanso kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi gulu, um’n’modzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yayikulu ya tiyi wa ku China.
Gulu: Tiyi wakuda wa m’chigawo cha Anhui, tiyi wakale wa Huizhou. Mtundu wamakono ndi “Gǔ Yī” (古黟, “Yi wakale”), wopangidwa ndi kampani ya “Huángshān Tiānfāng Cháyè Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī” (黄山市天方茶叶有限公司). Mumphatikizo muli mitundu inayi: 茯砖 (fú zhuān), 天尖 (tiān jiān), 黑砖 (hēi zhuān) ndi 花卷 (huā juǎn).
Chiyambi: China (中国, Zhōngguó), chigawo cha Anhui (安徽省, Ānhuī Shěng), mzinda wa Huángshān (黄山市, Huángshān Shì), boma la Yī Xiàn (黟县, Yī Xiàn). Chigawo chachikulu cha kupanga tiyi n’minda yapamwamba ya Měixī Xiāng (美溪乡, Měixī Xiāng), komwe kuli minda ya tiyi yoposa mahekitala 67. Mwakale, zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupanga kwa ān chá ku Qímén Xiàn (祁门县, Qímén Xiàn), komwe luso loyambitsa tiyi watsopano lichokera.
Ma coordinates: Pafupifupi 29°55′ kumpoto, 117°56′ kum’mawa.
Mayina ena: Ān Chá (安茶, Ān Chá) — dzina lakale la malonda, limatanthauza “tiyi wa ku Anhui”; Ruǎn Zhī Chá (软枝茶, ruǎn zhī chá) — dzina la anthu wamba, “tiyi wa nthambi zofewa”; Yùn Hé Chá (运合茶, yùn hé chá) — dzina lakalekale, lolembedwa m’zolemba za m’nthawi ya Song.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Miyambo ya Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ikuchokera mu nthawi ya mafumu a Song (宋, Sòng, 960–1279). M’buku la Xīn Ān Zhì (《新安志》, “Zolemba za Xīn’ān”), lomwe linalembedwa mu nthawi ya Chúnxī (淳熙, Chúnxī, 1174–1189), limatchula za tiyi wotchedwa “yùn hé chá” (运合茶) — tiyi yemwe anavunda mwakuchilengedwe chifukwa chonyamulidwa. M’chinenero cha m’dera la Yī Xiàn, liwu “hé” (合) limamveka ngati “hēi” (黑 — “wakuda”), ndipo mwina ikuwonetsa kugwirizana kwa tiyi wakalewo ndi tiyi wakuda wamakono wa m’derali.

Mu nthawi ya Ming (明, Míng, 1368–1644) ndi Qing (清, Qīng, 1644–1912), tiyi wa ku Anhui anakhala wodziwikira kwambiri kudzera kwa amalonda a ku Huizhou, omwe anayendetsa malonda ake kupita ku Guangdong, Hong Kong ndi mayiko a Southeast Asia. Panthawi imeneyinso tiyi anapatsidwa dzina la “ān chá” — chidule cha “tiyi wa ku Anhui”. 岭南 (Lǐngnán) — dera lakumwera kwa China — linakhala msika waukulu: asing’anga akumeneko anagwiritsa ntchito ān chá ngati mankhwala. Sing’anga wotchuka wa ku Lǐngnán, Fāng Zhēn (方珍), ankapatsa odwala ān chá ngati tiyi wachipatala.

Nthawi ya Republic of China (民国, Mínguó, 1912–1949) inali nthawi ya chitukuko: m’boma la Yī Xiàn mokha, kunali malo ogulitsira tiyi okwana 47 (茶号, cháhào). Koma Nkhondo Yotsutsana ndi Japan ndi mavuto ena anachititsa kuti kupanga tiyi kuleke kotheratu.

Kuyambiranso kunayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1980, pamene ku Qímén Xiàn anayesa koyambirira kubwezeretsa luso lomwe linatayika. Mwini luso wotchuka, Wāng Zhènxiāng (汪镇响), anasonkhanitsa bwino bwino luso lochokera kwa anthu ochepa omwe anali ndi chidziwitso chachikale — akulu amalo ogulitsira a “Sūn Yìshùn” (孙义顺). Pofika 1992, kupanga ān chá kunayambiranso bwino pa fakitale ya “Jiāngnán Chūn” (江南春茶厂).

M’chaka cha 2010, wochita malonda Zhèng Liánjūn (郑连军) anakhazikitsa “Malo a Kafukufuku waumisiri wa Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá” (黄山市古黟黑茶工程技术研究中心) ndipo mothandizana ndi Anhui Agricultural University (安徽农业大学) ndi Huángshān Industrial Technology Institute, anayamba ntchito yokhazikika yobwezeretsa ndi kutsitsimutsa luso lachikale lopanga tiyi wakuda ku Yī Xiàn. Anapanga mizere yamakina yopangira, kwinaku magawo ofunika kwambiri akupitirizidwa kuchitidwa ndi manja.

Dzina:
- “Gǔ” (古) — “wakale, wakalekale”, kutsindika mbiri yochokera zaka mazana ambiri.
- “Yī” (黟) — dzina la boma la Yī Xiàn, lina la zaka zakalekale la ku Anhui, lodziwika ndi zikombwe za UNESCO (midzi ya Xīdì ndi Hóngcūn).
- “Hēi Chá” (黑茶) — “tiyi wakuda/wakuda”, kutsindika gulu lake m’machitidwe a ku China.
- Choncho, dzina lonse limatanthauza “Tiyi Wakuda Wakale wa ku [boma la] Yi”.
Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe: Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ali wolumikizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Huīzhōu (徽州, Huīzhōu). Mwambo wapadera wa tiyi ndi “xī gé zi chá” (锡格子茶, xī gé zi chá) — mwambo wa Chaka Chatsopano wodziwika m’boma la Yī Xiàn. “Xī gé” ndi bokosi la zigawo zambiri lopangidwa ndi malata ochokera ku malonda a m’deralo, momwe muli zipinda zinayi za zotsekemera zakomweko (kuphatikizapo zokhwasula-khwasula zotchuka “qiānzhāng sū”), mazira a tiyi ndi tiyi. Tiyi amaperekedwa ndi tiyi wobiriwira kapena wofiira ndipo akuyimira zofuna za “kukwera nthawi zonse” (步步高升, bùbù gāoshēng) ndi “kusunga chimwemwe m’nyumba” (留福在家, liú fú zài jiā). Masiku ano, Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Yī Xiàn monga chimodzi mwa “zinthu zisanu zakuda” (五黑, wǔ hēi) za bomalo — palimodzi ndi mpunga wakuda, nkhuku zakuda, zipatso zamapulasitiki zakuda ndi ngongole zakuda.

Kupanga kwamakono kwa Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá n’kwapadera chifukwa kumagwirizanitsa luso la tiyi ndi luso lachikale la Huīzhōu la “zosema zitatu” (徽州三雕, Huīzhōu sān diāo — kusema matabwa, miyala ndi njerwa). Akatswiri amapanga matailosi okongoletsa, zithunzi za tiyi ndi zojambula za malo a Huīzhōu kuchokera ku tiyi wophimbidwa, ndikusandutsa tiyi kukhala chinthu cha luso choyenera kumwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa.

3. Malongosoledwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Munda waukulu wa zopangira ndi masamba a cultivar Zhūyè Zhǒng (槠叶种, Zhūyè Zhǒng) — mtundu wa masamba apakatikati ndi aang’ono a Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, womwe uli m’gulu la mitundu ya tiyi yolemekezeka mdziko lonse la China (国家级良种, guójiā jí liángzhǒng). Ndi cultivar yomweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga Qímén Hóngchá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá — Keemun) yotchuka. Mitengo ya Zhūyè Zhǒng imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zokulira, yolimba ku kuzizira ndi matenda, masamba ake ali ngati oval ndi m’mphepete mwa mano ang’onoang’ono, wobiriwira kwambiri.
Kusonkhanitsa: Kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kumachitika m’chaka cha masika — kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April mpaka kumapeto kwa May. Malinga ndi mwambi wam’deralo, “tiyi wa masika — katundu wonse, tiyi wa m’chilimwe — chokha chokhuta, ndipo tiyi wa m’dzinja musautole, ngakhale mufunika kugulitsa ana anu” (春茶一担、夏茶一头、卖儿卖女不采秋茶). Zololeredwa kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa za masamba a m’chilimwe (pafupifupi 20% kuchokera ku masika) kusakaniza, koma masamba a m’dzinja sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Muyezo wa kusonkhanitsa: Kusankha mwatsatanetsatane — chipukwa chimodzi ndi masamba awiri (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Kwa tiān jiān, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zopangira zazing’ono kwambiri — chipukwa chimodzi ndi masamba aang’ono mmodzi kapena awiri. Chikhalidwe chodziwika: kuloledwa ngakhale kuyanjidwa kukhalapo kwa shanga wamng’ono (梗, gěng), chifukwa ndikofunika ku gawo la kuvunda kwa tizilombo ndi kupanga kakomedwe.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Mphukira ndi masamba ayenera kukhala aakulu, onenepa, ndi shanga wowoneka bwino. Yī Xiàn ndi wotchuka ndi tiyi wa masamba aakulu (大叶种, dà yè zhǒng), ngakhale cultivar waukulu ndi wa gulu la masamba apakatikati. Zopangira zochokera ku minda yapamwamba ya Měixī zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa maluwa kochokera ku zomera zonunkhira zomwe zimamera pafupi.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:

Boma la Yī Xiàn lili kumwera kwa chigawo cha Anhui, m’mapiri a Huángshān. Maphunziro ake ndi a mapiri ndi mapiri okhala ndi zigwa zakuya — “mapiri aatali, zigwa zakuya” (山高谷深, shān gāo gǔ shēn). Malowa ali ndi mitambo yambiri ndi nkhungu, zomwe zimapatsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kosabalalika ndi chinyezi chambiri — zinthu zabwino kumitengo ya tiyi.
Msinkhu wa malo: Minda yayikulu ili pa msinkhu wa 400–800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yapamwamba ku Měixī ifika pa 700–800 m.
Nthaka: Zachonde, makamaka za asidi zofiira-za chikasu (红壤-黄壤), zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe ndi mchere. Kukhala ndi chitsulo ndi aluminiyumu kumathandizira kapangidwe ka kakomedwe kodziwika.
Nyengo: Nyengo ya m’nyanja ya chinyezi ya kumpoto kwa subtropiki (北亚热带湿润季风气候). Zinayi zosiyana: dzinja lofatsa, m’chilimwe kotentha. Kutentha kwa pachaka: 15–16°C. Mvula ya pachaka: 1500–1800 mm. Masiku a dzuwa ndi ochepa — mitambo ndi nkhungu zimakhala zambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa ma catechins ndi kukweza amino acid m’masamba.
Zachilendo: Minda ya tiyi yazingidwa ndi mitengo yonunkhira ndi zitsamba (桂花, osmanthus; 兰花, orchid), zomwe zonunkhira zake zimalowetsedwa ndi masamba a tiyi pakukula ndi pakusungidwa kwachilengedwe. Yī Xiàn ndi limodzi mwa ma boma otsogola a za chilengedwe opanga tiyi m’dziko (全国生态产茶县).

5. Njira ya Kupanga:

Kupanga Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ndi njira yovuta ya magawo ambiri, yotenga miyezi ingapo, ndipo pokhala ndi kusungidwa kofunikira — zaka. Njira imaphatikiza magawo ochokera ku Hunan ndi machitidwe achikale a Anhui, osinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zopangira zakomweko.

Kusonkhanitsa (采摘, cǎi zhāi): April — May, muyezo wa “chipukwa chimodzi — masamba awiri” ndi shanga wamfupi.
Shāqīng — kukonza / “kupha zobiriwira” (杀青, shā qīng): Kutentha kwambiri mu wok kapena m’mizere yamakina yapadera kuti ma enzyme asagwire ntchito, kuyimitsa oxidation ndi kufewetsa masamba. Panapangidwa makina apadera a shāqīng, osinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zopangira zakomweko.
Róuniǎn — kukhotola (揉捻, róu niǎn): Kukhotola koyamba kuti maselo a masamba aphwanyike ndi kutulutsa madzi. Zimapanga chiyambi cha kuvunda kumene kudzachitike.
Wòduī — mulu wonyowa (渥堆, wò duī): Gawo lofunika kwambiri losiyanitsa tiyi wakuda ndi mitundu ina yonse. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito njira yofewetsa kuvunda (轻发酵, qīng fājiào) ndi milu yaing’ono (小堆, xiǎo duī) ya makilogalamu 50 mpaka 500. M’maola anayi alionse, amasakanizidwa ndi kutembenuzidwa (翻堆, fān duī) kuti njira za tizilombo ziziyenda bwino mofanana ndikupewa kutentha kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kusunga zinthu zonunkhira zimene zikanatayika ndi kuvunda kwakukulu.
Fùróu — kukhotolanso (复揉, fù róu): Kukhotola kowonjezera pambuyo pa wòduī kuti kapangidwe ka masamba kalimbe ndi kufalikira bwino kwa madzi oyamba kuvunda.
Gānzào — kuyanika (干燥, gān zào): Kuyanika koyamba kuti chinyezi chitsike pa mulingo woyenera kusungira.
Qìzhēng tíxiāng — kutsitsimutsa fungo ndi nthunzi (汽蒸提香, qì zhēng tí xiāng): Gawo lachikhalidwe la Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá: kuphika ndi nthunzi kumafewetsa masamba ndi kuyambitsa kutuluka kwa mafuta onunkhira. Njira imeneyi ikuchokera ku luso lachikale la ān chá, pamene tiyi ankaphikidwa ndi nthunzi asanalowetsedwe mu mabasiketi ansungwi.
Yāzhì chéngxíng — kupondaponda (压制成型, yā zhì chéng xíng): Malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akufunika, tiyi amapondedwa kukhala njerwa (砖, zhuān), kapena amaumbidwa monga matumba a cylindrical (花卷, huā juǎn) m’mabasiketi ansungwi kapena kusiyidwa mosakanizidwa (散茶, sàn chá — pa tiān jiān). Popondaponda njerwa za tiyi, amagwiritsa ntchito luso la kusema kwa Huīzhōu kupanga zojambula zokongoletsa.
Chénhuà — kusungidwa kwachilengedwe / kuphimbidwa (陈化, chén huà): Nthawi yochepera — zaka zitatu. Kusungidwa kumachitika m’misasa yapadera yamatabwa (专用木仓, zhuānyòng mù cāng) momwe kutentha ndi chinyezi zimalamulidwa. Pamene akusungidwa, kuvunda kwa tizilombo kukupitirizabe, mankhwala atsopano onunkhira akupangika, ndipo kakomedwe kakukhala kofewa. Kwa fú zhuān (茯砖), gawo la kusungidwa limatsagana ndi kupangika kwa “jīn huā” (金花, jīn huā — “maluwa agolide”) — mitsinje ya mafangasi a ubwino Eurotium cristatum (冠突散囊菌, guàn tū sàn náng jūn).

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Amasiyana malinga ndi mmene tiyi walembedwera. Tiān jiān wosasakanizidwa — masamba aakulu, akuda, okhala ndi shanga zowoneka bwino, mtundu kuyambira woderapo mpaka wakuda-m’bulauni (乌褐, wū hè). Tiyi wa njerwa (fú zhuān, hēi zhuān) — matailosi amphamvu, osalala; fú zhuān ikathyoledwa, imakhala ndi madontho agolide — mitsinje ya “jīn huā”. Huā juǎn — mzere wamphamvu wa cylindrical mu mabasiketi ansungwi.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lonekera ndi lapadera. Zotsalira zazikulu ndi za ginger wouma (干姜, gān jiāng) ndi zitsamba zokometsera (草药香, cǎo yào xiāng), zomwe zikutulutsa kafukufuku wodziwika wam’bulauni wam’bulauni wogonjetsa momwe. Malinga ndi zaka ndi mtundu, pakhoza kukhalanso fungo la udzu wobiriwira (青草香), zipatso zotsekemera, ndipo pa fú zhuān — fungo losiyana la bowa la “jīn huā”.
Fungo la msuzi: Wochuluka, womatuluka pang’onopang’ono. M’kumwa koyamba, zimakoma ginger ndi zitsamba zomwe pambuyo pake zimasinthidwa ndi fungo la zipatso zouma ndi zotsekemera (果脯蜜饯香, guǒ pǔ mì jiàn xiāng). Pansi pa kapu (杯底香, bēi dǐ xiāng) fungo limakhala nthawi yaitali — chikhalidwe cha Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá wabwino. Pa fú zhuān, pali fungo lodziwika bwino la bowa la “jūn huā xiāng” (菌花香).
Kakomedwe: Kumwa koyamba kumatulutsa kuwawa kochepa (微苦, wēi kǔ) ndi kumva kolimba (收敛性强, shōu liǎn xìng qiáng), kofanana ndi khalidwe la shēng pǔ’ěr wachinyamata. Komabe, kuwawaku kumasinthidwa mwachangu ndi kukoma kwapambuyo (回甘快, huí gān kuài) — chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za tiyi uyu. Msuziwo ndi wandiweyani, wokhuthala (醇厚, chún hòu), kapangidwe kake kosalala ndi kofewa (柔滑, róu huá). M’kupita kwa zaka, kumva kolimba kumafewetsedwa, ndipo kukoma kumakuya. Tiyi wazaka khumi ndi kuposerapo amadziwika ndi kapangidwe kosalala ngati mafuta, komata (粘稠, niánchóu).
Mtundu wa msuzi: Wachikasu-m’lalanje (橙黄, chéng huáng), wowala, wosaoneka mavunde. M’kupita kwa nthawi yosungira, mtundu umakuya kukhala wofiira-lalanje ndi woderapo-m’bulauni. Kwa tiyi wachinyamata, msuzi ukhoza kukhala wowala, ndi katsitsulo ka zobiriwira.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba otenthedwa): Masamba amafutukuka, kuwonetsa mtundu woderapo-m’bulauni ndi kuwala kofiira. Shanga ndi masamba athunthu zimaoneka. Masamba ndi olimba, osafooka — chizindikiro cha kuvunda kwabwino.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi:

Polyphenols: Zochuluka za polyphenols ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriwira, koma zasinthidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa tizilombo. Ma catechins amasandulika pang’ono kukhala theaflavins ndi thearubigins, zomwe zimatulutsa kakomedwe kofewa ndi mtundu wokhuthala wa msuzi. Kukhalapo kwa “maluwa agolide” mu fú zhuān kumasinthanso mawonekedwe a polyphenol: Eurotium cristatum imawononga mbali ya tannins, ndikuchepetsa kumva kolimba.
Amino acids: Pali L-theanine, yomwe kukhalapo kwake kumatheka chifukwa cha kulimidwa m’mapiri ndi kuwala kosabalalika. Kumathandizira pakupanga kakomedwe kofewa, kochepekera pambuyo.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (2–4% ya kulemera kowuma), theobromine, theophylline. Chifukwa cha kuvunda ndi kusungidwa kwakanthawi, caffeine yaulere imagwirizana pang’ono ndi polyphenols, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yake ikhale yofewa komanso yotalikirapo poyerekeza ndi tiyi wobiriwira.
Mavitamini: Vitamini za gulu B (B₁, B₂, B₆), vitamini PP (nicotinic acid), zochepa za vitamini C. Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini osungunuka m’mafuta (E, K) kumakula pa nthawi ya kuvunda kwa tizilombo.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiyamu, manganizi, fluoride, zinki, seleniyamu. Tiyi wochokera ku mapiri a Yī Xiàn ali ndi manganizi ndi zinki zambiri chifukwa cha zomwe zili m’nthaka.
Mafuta onunkhira: Ndi ofunika kwambiri pakupanga fungo lapadera la ginger ndi zitsamba. Zinthu zosaoneka zonunkhira zimaphatikizapo linalool, geraniol, citronellol ndi ma terpenoids ena, zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika mu tiyi wochedwetsa kupsa. Gawo la “kutsitsimutsa fungo ndi nthunzi” limayambitsa kutuluka kwa mafuta onunkhira.
Zachilendo: Fú zhuān ili ndi gulu la metabolites la Eurotium cristatum, limene limaphatikizapo mitundu 18 ya amino acids ndi zinthu zoposa 450 zokhala ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe. Komanso, pali zinthu zofanana ndi lovastatin zomwe zimathandiza kulamulira kayendedwe ka mafuta.

8. Ubwino:

Kuthandiza kwambiri kugaya chakudya (消食, xiāo shí): Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati mmodzi mwa “tiyi othandiza kugaya chakudya” olondola. Ma enzymes a tizilombo amaphwanya mafuta ndi mapuloteni, ndikufulumizitsa kugaya chakudya cholemera. Mphamvu iyi inkayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu oyendayenda a m’chipululu ndi anthu a kumwera komwe chakudya chawo chinali ndi mafuta ambiri.
Kuchepetsa mafuta ndi kuthana ndi kunenepa (去肥腻, qù féi nì): Polyphenols ndi metabolites a “maluwa agolide” amathandiza kulamulira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi triglycerides m’magazi. Tiyi nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa chakudya cholemera, chamafuta.
Kuteteza ku ma radicals: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins, komanso zinthu zochokera ku kagayidwe ka tizilombo, zimatha kuthetsa ma radicals aulere, ndikuchepetsa kufulumira kwa ukalamba wa maselo.
Kuthetsa kutupa ndi kupha tizilombo (清热止血, 解毒消肿, qīng rè zhǐ xuè, jiě dú xiāo zhǒng): Mankhwala achikhalidwe a ku China amalemekeza kwambiri ān chá chifukwa cha mphamvu yake “yochotsa kutentha ndi kuyimitsa magazi”, “kuchotsa poizoni ndi kuthetsa kutupa”. M’zaka za m’ma 1800, asing’anga a ku Lǐngnán anagwiritsa ntchito tiyi uyu kupirana ndi miliri ku Guangdong, ndipo mu 2003, kufunikira kwa ān chá kunakula kwambiri pa nthawi ya mliri wa SARS — kumwera kwa China anaugwiritsa ntchito ngati mbali ya mankhwala a chikhalidwe.
Kupereka mphamvu (益寿提神, yì shòu tí shén): M’malingaliro azikhalidwe, mphamvu ya kukondowetsa ya Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá imaposa mphamvu ya tiyi wobiriwira wamba, kwinaku yofewa ndi yotalikirapo.
Kukhazikitsa bwino kachulukidwe ka tizilombo m’matumbo: Ubwino wothandiza thanzi la m’matumbo, wokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa metabolites abwino a mafangasi (makamaka mu fú zhuān), umathandizira kuti m’matumbo mukhale ndi tizilombo towongoka.
Kulimbikitsa dongosolo la mtima: Kumwa nthawi zonse tiyi wakuda kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

9. Kumwa:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 100°C — madzi otentha kwambiri. Kuti fungo ndi kakomedwe ka Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá katuluke bwino, pamafunika kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Chiyerekezo 1:40 (mwachitsanzo, 5 g za tiyi pa 200 ml ya madzi). Kwa tiyi wopondedwa — dziwani teapot pafupifupi ¼ ya kuchuluka kwake.
Zombo: Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zombo za ceramic (陶壶, táo hú) kapena teapot yochokera ku Yīxīng ya dongo lachikasu (紫砂壶, zǐ shā hú). Kapangidwe ka porous ka dongo kumalowetsa fungo la “nyumba yosungira” (堆味, duī wèi) lomwe limapezeka pa tiyi wakuda wachinyamata, ndi kuthandiza kutulutsa fungo labwino. Kwa kuyesa, gàiwǎn nazonso zingathe.
Ndondomeko:
1. Kutenthetsa zombo (温杯, wēn bēi): Sambani teapot ndi makapu ndi madzi otentha kuti zitenthedwe mofanana.
2. Kuthira tiyi (投茶, tóu chá): Ikani tiyi mu teapot yotentha (pafupifupi ¼ ya kuchuluka kwake kwa tiyi wopondedwa, 5–7 g kwa wosasakanizidwa).
3. Kutsuka (洗茶, xǐ chá): Thirani madzi otentha, dikirani masekondi 5 ndipo tsanulani msanga. Gawo ili “limadzutsa” masamba ndikuchotsa fumbi.
4. Kumwa koyamba: Thirani madzi otentha, dikirani masekondi 15, kagayileni.
5. Kumwa kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu: Nthawi yodikira masekondi 10.
6. Kumwa kwachinayi kufikira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri: Onjezani nthawi kufika masekondi 20, kenako onjezani masekondi 5–10 pa kumwa kulikonse kotsatira.
7. Kumaliza: Pamene tiyi ayamba kutopa (nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa kumwa kwa 7–8), masamba otsala akhoza kuikidwa mu teapot yophikira (煮饮, zhǔ yǐn). Kuphika ndi njira ya chikhalidwe komanso yolimbikitsidwa kwa zitsanzo zakale (“chén chá”, 陈茶): pamene tiyi akutenthedwa, fungo la mkati limatuluka lomwe silingatuluke mwa kumwa wamba.

10. Kusungira:

Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ndi wa gulu la tiyi omwe amakhala bwino m’kupita kwa zaka (越陈越香, yuè chén yuè xiāng — “chakale ndicho chonunkhira”). Nthawi yochepera yosungira ndi zaka zitatu; yabwino kwambiri — kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi kuposerapo. Tiyi wazaka 10+ amadziwika ngati wokhwima ndipo amayamikiridwa kwambiri.

Malo: Malo owuma, ozizira, amdima, olowera bwino mpweya. Kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kutentha: 15–30°C, popanda kusintha kwakukulu.
Chinyezi: 50–70%. Chinyezi chochuluka chimapangitsa mafangasi osafunikira, chochepa kwambiri chimawumitsa ndikuyimitsa njira zokhwima.
Chidebe: Popangira, amagwiritsa ntchito misasa yamatabwa (木仓). M’nyumba, mungagwiritse ntchito pepala la kraft, bokosi la makarton, kapena chidebe chansungwi. Ndizololedwa kusunga popanda chophimba m’kabati lapadera la tiyi. Chidebe chotsekedwa kotheratu sichikuloledwa kwenikweni — tiyi ayenera “kupuma”.
Zida za tiyi: Fungo lachilendo (sungani kutali ndi zokometsera, mafuta onunkhira, mankhwala apanyumba), kuwala kwa dzuwa, chinyezi chambiri, tizilombo.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ali pakati pa mtengo wapakati mwa tiyi wakuda wa ku China. Tiān jiān wachinyamata amapezeka ndi mtengo wochepa, pomwe njerwa zosungidwa ndi huā juǎn za zaka zambiri zingakhale zodula kwambiri. Zomwe zimatengera mtengo ndi: zaka za tiyi (陈化年份), mtundu wa mankhwala (fú zhuān wa “jīn huā” wochuluka amayamikiridwa kwambiri), khalidwe la zopangira (zapamwamba zochokera ku Měixī ndizodula), ndi khalidwe la luso (njerwa za tiyi zokongoletsa za kusema kwa Huīzhōu ndizinthu zimene anthu amasonkhanitsa).

Momwe mungapewere zabodza:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika: Sakani oimira bungwe la “Gǔ Yī” (古黟) kapena malo apadera a tiyi. Kampani ya “Tiānfāng” ili ndi malo ogulitsira oposa 300 ku China konse.
Onani maonekedwe: Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá weniweni ali ndi mtundu woderapo-m’bulauni, wakuda ngati makala. Masamba ayenera kukhala athunthu, ndi shanga zowoneka bwino. Pa fú zhuān, pakuthyola, “maluwa agolide” akuyenera kuoneka — madontho agolide ofalikira mofanana. Mpweya wotuwa kapena wakuda wopanda fungo lake ndi chizindikiro cha mafangasi wamba, osati “jīn huā”.
Onani fungo: Payenera kukhala fungo la ginger ndi zitsamba, popanda fungo losasangalatsa. Fungo la “jīn huā” ndi losangalatsa, labowa, lofanana ndi fungo la m’nkhalango.
Yesani msuzi: Msuzi uyenera kukhala wosaoneka mavunde, wachikasu-m’lalanje, ndi “kubwerera kwachangu kwa kukoma”. Msuzi wosabvala, wokakamira, kapena wowawa ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kapena chabodza.
Samalani ndi mtengo: Mtengo wochepetsetsa kwambiri wa tiyi “wosungidwa” ndi chifukwa chokaikira. Tiyi weniweni wazaka khumi sangakhale wotchipa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

“Tiyi wopatulika” wa ku Southeast Asia: M’zaka za m’ma 1800 ndi koyambirira kwa 1900, ān chá (yemwe anatsogolera Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá) ankayamikiridwa kwambiri ku Guangdong ndi mayiko a Southeast Asia kotero kuti ankatchedwa “tiyi wopatulika” (圣茶). Asodzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku China ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala a matenda a m’mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kumwa madzi amchere a m’nyanja: ankawira tiyi pa chitofu ndi kumwa madzi ake.
Nthano ya sisitere wansembe: Malinga ndi nthano, mu 1725, sisitere wansembe Miàojìng (妙静师太) wochokera ku nyumba ya ansembe ya m’mapiri ku Yī Xiàn anasiya mwangozi masamba a tiyi ophimbidwa panja usiku wonse. Mame ndi nkhungu zinasandutsa kukhala mulu wakuda, ndipo sisitereyo anakulunga m’masamba a nsungwi ndikuwulendewera kuti uume. Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, pamene anali kudwala, anaphika tiyi waiwalika uja — ndipo anachira. Umu ndi momwe, malinga ndi nthano, luso la ān chá linabadwira.
Kubwerera kuchokera ku kuiwalika: Mu 1983, Guān Fènfā (关奋发), wapampando wa Hong Kong Tea Industry Development Foundation, anatumiza phukusi la ān chá wakale ku Anhui pamodzi ndi kalata yopempha kuti ayambitsenso kupanga “tiyi wopatulika”. Zinatenga pafupifupi zaka khumi za kuyesa, mpaka mu 1992, khalidwe la tiyi wobwezeretsedwa linavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri a ku Hong Kong.
Luso mu tiyi: Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ndi tiyi wakuda wokhawo ku China momwe kusema kwa Huīzhōu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo popanga. Akatswiri amapanga kuchokera ku tiyi wopondedwa zojambula zazing’ono za malo osangalatsa a Huángshān — milatho, mapagoda, malo amapiri. “Zojambula za tiyi” izi n’zosangalatsa komanso tiyi weniweni woyenera kumwa.
“Zakuda zisanu” za Yī Xiàn: Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ali m’gulu la “zakuda” zisanu zotchuka za boma la Yī Xiàn (五黑产业, wǔ hēi chǎnyè), kukhala chizindikiro chachuma chakomweko pamodzi ndi mpunga wakuda, nkhuku zakuda, zipatso zamapulasitiki zakuda ndi ngongole zakuda.

13. Mitundu ya Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá:

Fú Zhuān (茯砖, Fú Zhuān) — “Njerwa ya Fú”: Tiyi wopondedwa mu njerwa, yemwe chikhalidwe chake chachikulu ndi kukhalapo kwa “maluwa agolide” (金花, jīn huā), mitsinje ya mafangasi a ubwino Eurotium cristatum. Amakhala ndi fungo la bowa (菌花香), kakomedwe kofewa, kochepekera. Amadziwika kuti ndi wothandiza kwambiri pakugaya chakudya ndi kulamulira kayendedwe ka mafuta. Ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá.
Tiān Jiān (天尖, Tiān Jiān) — “Nsonga Yakumwamba”: Tiyi wosasakanizidwa (wosasalikidwa), wopangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira zazing’ono zokongola kwambiri. Amasiyana ndi fungo lalitali, kakomedwe kochuka komanso koyera poyerekeza ndi mitundu yopondedwa. Fungo loyera, lodziwika bwino la ginger ndi maluwa. Ndiwabwino kwambiri kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku m’njira yochulutsa.
Hēi Zhuān (黑砖, Hēi Zhuān) — “Njerwa Yakuda”: Tiyi wopondedwa mwamphamvu wa mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda kotheratu. Amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu ndi kulimba, zomwe zimateteza bwino posungidwa kwakanthawi. Kakomedwe kake n’kathunthu, kokhutiritsa, ndi kumva kolimba kowoneka bwino. Ndiwabwino kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri.
Huā Juǎn (花卷, Huā Juǎn) — “Mpiriso Wamaluwa”: Tiyi wopondedwa mu mawonekedwe a cylindrical m’basiketi lansungwi — kufanana ndi qiān liǎng chá (千两茶) wa ku Hunan. Mkati mwake, kuvunda kocheperako kukupitirizabe pang’onopang’ono kwa zaka zambiri. Ndi mtundu wosankhidwa kwambiri wa “kusonkhanitsa” wokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kukhwima.

Pomaliza:

Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá ndi tiyi wokhala ndi tsoka lodabwitsa: wobadwira munkhungu za m’mapiri za Huīzhōu wakale, wolemekezedwa ndi amalonda m’misika ya Southeast Asia, waiwalika kwa zaka makumi asanu ndipo wabwezeretsedwa mwamphamvu ndi anthu ofunitsitsa. Iye anyamula mkati mwake mzimu wa miyambo iwiri yayikulu ya tiyi — ukadaulo wa Anhui ndi kukhazikika kwa Hunan, kuwaphatikiza kukhala mankhwala apadera, osangalatsa mofanana kwa okonda shēng pǔ’ěr (chifukwa cha kumva kolimba “kwakutchire” kwa zitsanzo zachinyamata) ndi okonda hēi chá wosungidwa (chifukwa cha kuya kosalala kwa tiyi wokhwima). Fungo lake la ginger ndi zitsamba, “kubwerera kwachangu kwa kukoma” kwake, ndi mphamvu yake yodabwitsa yosintha kuchoka ku tiyi wachinyamata wamtudzu kukhala wokalamba wofewa, wamafuta, zimapangitsa Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá kukhala mmodzi mwa “zimphona zogonazo” zodalirika kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wakuda wa ku China. Kwa iwo amene akufuna china chake kupitirira tiyi wamba wa pǔ’ěr ndi ānhuà hēi chá, awa ndi kupezeka kwenikweni.