Gaoqiao Yin Feng · new.thetea.app

Gaoqiao Yin Feng (高桥银峰, Gāoqiáo yín fēng) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wapadera wotenthedwa mu poto, wopangidwa mu chaka cha 1959 ndi Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute monga “mphatso ya zaka khumi za China Yatsopano” (国庆十周年献礼). Uwu ndi “tiyi watsopano wodziwika” (新创名茶) woyamba kupangidwa ku Hunan pambuyo pa 1949. Dzina lake lili ndi tanthauzo la ndakatulo lolondola: mphukira zokutidwa kwambiri ndi tsitsi loyera ngati siliva zimaoneka ngati nsonga za mapiri za siliva (银峰, “nsonga za siliva”). Mu 1964, wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba mbiri komanso mtsogoleri wa boma Guo Moruo (郭沫若, Guō Mòruò) analawa tiyi uyu ndipo anamulembera ndakatulo yachinayi yosangalatsa, kumuyika pamlingo wofanana ndi tiyi wa nthano za m’nthawi ya Tang ndi Song.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosafufutidwa). Tiyi wobiriwira wapadera wotenthedwa mu poto (特种炒青绿茶, tèzhǒng chǎoqīng lǜchá) — gulu la tiyi “olembedwa” opangidwa potsatira kafukufuku wa sayansi.
Gulu: Tiyi wodziwika ku China (中国名茶, 1989). Wopambana mphoto pa Hunan Science Conference (湖南省科学大会奖, 1978). Wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ngati mphatso ya boma (国礼) kwa alendo ochokera kunja. Anayamikiridwa ndi Mao Zedong ndi Zhou Enlai.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), mzinda wa Changsha (长沙, Chángshā), mudzi wa Changsha (长沙县, Chángshā Xiàn), tawuni ya Gaoqiao (高桥镇, Gāoqiáo Zhèn). Malo apakati a chigawochi ndi minda ya tiyi yoyesera ya Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute (湖南省茶叶研究所), yomwe ili ndi malo pafupifupi mahekitala 53 (800 mu), yomwe ili kumapeto kwa nsonga ya Yuhuangfeng (玉皇峰, Yùhuáng Fēng – “Phiri la Mfumu ya Nefriti”).
Mbali za geogirafi: 113°19′ kum’mawa, 28°29′ kumpoto.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi tiyi wokhala ndi tsiku lobadwa lenileni ndi cholinga chenicheni. Mu 1959, pa chikondwerero cha zaka khumi za kukhazikitsidwa kwa China, Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute (yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1935 — imodzi mwa malo akale owunikira za tiyi ku China) inalandira ntchito yopanga “tiyi watsopano wodziwika” woyenera kupereka ngati mphatso ya tsiku lobadwa. Akatswiri a za tiyi anapanga teknoloji yoyambirira yokhala ndi siteji yofunikira yotsogola — “提毫” (tí háo, “kutulutsa tsitsi”): njira yapadera imene tsitsi loyera ngati siliva siliponderezedwa pamwamba pa tsamba (monga zambiri), koma “limalamulidwa” kuyima molunjika, kupanga maonekedwe a “nsonga za mapiri” za siliva. Tiyi anatchulidwa “Yin Feng” (银峰, “Nsonga za Siliva”), ndipo malo ake — tawuni ya Gaoqiao (高桥, “Mlatho Wautali”) — anapereka gawo loyamba la dzina.

Mu 1964, wolemba ndakatulo ndi mtsogoleri wa boma Guo Moruo (郭沫若, 1892–1978) analawa Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndipo analemba ndakatulo yotchuka: “肯让湖州夸紫笋，愿同双井斗红纱” — “Lolani Huzhou ikunyadirire mphukira za mtundu wofiirira, / Ife ndife okonzeka kupikisana ndi Shuangjing pa nthawi ya silika wofiira.” Guo Moruo anayika tiyi wa ku Hunan m’gulu limodzi ndi Guzhuzi Sun (紫笋, “Mphukira za Mtundu Wofiirira” zochokera ku Huzhou) za m’nthawi ya Tang ndi Shuangjing (双井, “Chitsime Chachiwiri”) za m’nthawi ya Song — tiyi awiri a nthano za m’mbuyomu. Ndakatulo iyi inakhala chizindikiro cha Gaoqiao Yin Feng.

Mu 1978 — mphoto ya Hunan Science Conference. Mu 1989 — udindo wa mwambo wa “Tiyi Wodziwika ku China.” Tiyi anaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza ngati mphatso ya boma kwa magulu a alendo ochokera kunja.
Dzina:
- “Gaoqiao” (高桥) — “Mlatho Wautali”: dzina la tawuni komwe kuli malo owunikira.
- “Yin” (银) — “siliva”: mtundu wa tsitsi lochuluka lomwe limakutira mphukira.
- “Feng” (峰) — “nsonga, phiri”: maonekedwe — mphukira zokutidwa ndi tsitsi la siliva zimaoneka ngati nsonga za mapiri zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi chizindikiro cha “ulimi wa tiyi wa sayansi” wa nthawi yatsopano: tiyi wopangidwa osati ndi mwambo wamakolo wa m’mudzi, koma ndi ntchito yodabwitsa ya malo owunikira za tiyi. Kuyamikira kwa Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai ndi ndakatulo ya Guo Moruo kunatsimikizira udindo wake ngati tiyi “wodziwika mwa ndale” — imodzi mwa ochepa omwe anasangalatsidwa ndi oyambitsa angapo ndi atsogoleri a chikhalidwe a China.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zinthu Zopangira:

Mitundu / Kulima: Mitundu ingapo ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis yosabereka (ya clone) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yosankhidwa mwapadera kuti tsitsi la siliva liwonekere kwambiri:
- Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá) — mtundu waukulu wolimidwa. Tsitsi lochuluka kwambiri (茸毛特多), kulimbana ndi chisanu kwakukulu, kuyenera kupanga tiyi wobiriwira.
- Baihao Zao (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo) — mtundu wachitsanzo cha boma. Muli ndi amino acid 4.1%. Imapereka tiyi ndi tsitsi la siliva ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa emerodi (银毫隐翠).
- Zhuyeqizhong (槠叶齐, Zhūyèqí) ndi Xiangbolü (湘波绿, Xiāngbōlǜ) — mitundu yachitsanzo ya m’chigawo, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira, ndi fungo loyera lapamwamba.
Kuthyola: Kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa kalasi yapamwamba — mphukira imodzi ndi kapepala kakang’ono kotseguka (一芽一叶初展), kutalika kwa mphukira pafupifupi 2.5 cm. Kuti apange kilogalamu imodzi ya tiyi wouma wa kalasi yapamwamba amafunika mphukira 12,000–13,000.
Zofunikira pa zinthu zopangira: Mphukira zofewa, zofanana, zosaonongeka. Kukonzedwa kumachitika tsiku lomwe lathyole.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe Apadera a Kulima:

Nyengo: Chigawo chotentha cha mphepo ya monsoon yonyowa. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi 16.6°C, mvula ya pachaka ndi 1441 mm, nyengo yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 275. Malo a bungweli kumapeto kwa Yuhuangfeng nthawi zambiri amakutidwa ndi mitambo ndi nkhungu.
Kutalika kwa malo akulimidwa: Dera la mapiri kumapeto kwa Yuhuangfeng, mapiri otsika ndi apakatikati.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira (红壤, hóng rǎng), zomwe zinapangidwa pa miyala yofiirira yofiira (紫色板页岩), yochuluka ndi phosphorous. pH pafupifupi 5.0. Pansi pakuya, chonde chachikulu.
Chilengedwe: Minda ya tiyi ili m’malo okongola “mitsinje ndi nyanja kumapeto kwa Mfumu ya Nefriti” (玉皇峰下河湖掩映). Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kuli kwakukulu. Kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale kulibe. Zinthu izi zimathandizira kusonkhanitsidwa kwa amino acid ndi zinthu zopangira fungo.

5. Technology Production:

Technology ya Gaoqiao Yin Feng imaphatikiza magawo khumi — zovuta kwambiri kuposa tiyi ambiri obiriwira. Chatsopano chachikulu ndi gawo la “提毫” (kutulutsa tsitsi).

Kuthyola (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Kuthyola pamanja kwa masika kwa mphukira za muyezo wa “mphukira imodzi — tsamba limodzi.”
Kuyala ndi kufowoketsa (摊青 — tān qīng): Kuyala kwakanthawi kochepa.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青 — shāqīng): Pa 120–130°C — kutentha kochepa, kusunga kufewa kwa zinthu zopangira ndi tsitsi.
Kupukuta ndi mphepo — “Qingfeng” (清风 — qīngfēng): Gawo lapadera: pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, masamba amapakidwa (扬簸, yángbǒ), kuchotsa zinthu zina ndi zidutswa zazing’ono. Njira iyi imatsimikizira ukhondo wa mankhwala omaliza.
Kupindika koyamba (初揉 — chūróu): Kupanga mopepuka.
Kuumitsa koyamba (初干 — chūgān): Kuumitsa koyambirira.
Kupanga mawonekedwe (做条 — zuòtiáo): Kupanga pamanja kwa mphukira kukhala “zingano” zolimba, zopindika pang’ono.
Kutulutsa tsitsi (提毫 — tí háo): Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi lodziwika bwino — chatsopano chotengeredwa ndi opanga Gaoqiao Yin Feng. Pa kutentha kwa 45–50°C, m’misiri amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apadera “搓揉” (cuōróu, “kupindika-kusisita”) “kuti atulutse” timatsitsi tating’ono ta siliva pamwamba pa tsamba, kuwapangitsa kuyima molunjika. Zotsatira zake ndikuti mphukira zokutidwa ndi chisanu cha siliva chosawuluka posunga ndi popanga tiyi. Ndilo gawo limeneli lomwe linapatsa tiyi dzina lake — “Nsonga za Siliva.”
Kuziziritsa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Kuziziritsa kwapakati.
Kuumitsa komaliza (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Magawo awiri: choyamba pa 70°C, kenako pa 60°C. Kutentha kwapang’onopang’ono kumalimbikitsa tsitsi ndi kupanga fungo lomaliza.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Njira yachikale ya Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi “mabwino anayi” (四美, sì měi): mawonekedwe abwino (形美), fungo latsopano (香鲜), kutsanulidwa koyera (汤清), kukoma kokoma (味醇).

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mphukira zolimba, zopyapyala, zopindika pang’ono (条索紧细微曲). Zokutidwa kwambiri ndi tsitsi la siliva loyima molunjika (满披银毫) — chizindikiro chachikulu chowonekera. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira wa emerodi, wowonekera kupyolera m’chisanu cha siliva (翠绿隐毫).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lofewa, losatha (嫩香持久). Watsopano woyera wobiriwira (清香). Fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (栗香).
Fungo la tiyi: Watsopano, wosatha, ndi mbiri ya chestnut-wobiriwira.
Kukoma: Watsopano ndi wofewa (鲜醇, xiānchún), ndi kutsekemera kobwerera (回甘). Thupi ndi lolemera laling’ono, lozungulira. Kuphulika ndi kochepa. Kumaliza kulibe kanthu, wotsitsimutsa.
Mtundu wa tiyi: Wobiriwira wopepuka, woyera ndi wowonekera (汤清).
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba opangidwa): Mphukira zofewa, zofanana za mtundu wobiriwira. Zathunthu, zosasunthika.

7. Zomwe Zili M’mankhwala:

Polyphenols (catechin): Kuchuluka kwakukulu — kumapereka mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Amino acid (kuphatikiza L-theanine): Kuchuluka kwakukulu — mtundu wa Baihao Zao uli ndi amino acid 4.1%, yomwe ndi yochuluka kuposa avareji ya tiyi wobiriwira.
Alkaloids: Caffeine — kuchuluka kwapakati.
Fluoride: Kuchuluka kwakukulu — kumathandiza kuteteza enamel ya mano.
Mavitamini: Vitamin C, vitamini za gulu B.
Minerals: Potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc, manganese, fluoride.

8. Ubwino Wothandiza:

Ntchito ya antioxidant: Catechins amachotsa ma free radicals.
Zotsatira zolimbitsa (提神醒脑): Caffeine ndi L-theanine amapereka mphamvu yofewa.
Kuwongolera mayendedwe a lipid (降血脂): Catechins amathandizira kuchepetsa mlingo wa cholesterol.
Kuteteza mano ndi maso (护齿明目): Fluoride amalimbitsa enamel; carotenoids amathandizira thanzi la maso.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Mavitamini ndi minerals amathandizira ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi.
Zofunika: zotsatira zomwe zatchulidwa zikuchokera pa zopezeka pagulu ndipo siziri malangizo a zamankhwala.

9. Kuphika (Brewing):

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml madzi (chiŵerengero 1:50–1:60).
Zombo: Kapu ya galasi kapena kapu yoyera ya porcelain — kuti muwone tsitsi la siliva ndikuyesa kuyera kwa tiyi.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani chombo, tsitsani.
2. Ikani tiyi.
3. Tsitsani madzi. Kutsanulidwa koyamba — masekondi 10–20.
4. Kutsatira — onjezerani masekondi 5–10. Tiyi amatha kutsanulidwa katatu kapena kanayi.
Zindikirani: tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa wotentha, ola limodzi pambuyo pa chakudya. Kutsanulidwa kuli bwino kumwe mu mphindi 30 mutatha kuphika — pakazizira ndi oxidation, kukoma kumaipiraipira.

10. Kusunga:

Sungani mu chotengera chotsekedwa, pamalo amdima ndi ozizira.
Chabwino — mufiriji pa 0–5°C.
Nthawi yosunga — mpaka miyezi 12.
Mutatsegula — mugwiritse ntchito mkati mwa miyezi 1–2.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi tiyi wopangidwa pang’ono: malo apakati ndi minda yoyesera ya 800 mu ya Hunan Tea Research Institute. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa, kupangitsa tiyi weniweni kukhala wosowa kunja kwa Hunan.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika, makamaka mankhwala omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha Hunan Tea Research Institute (湖南省茶叶研究所监制).
- Yang’anani tsitsi: tsitsi la siliva lodziwika liyenera kuyima molunjika, osaswa. Tsitsi lothinana kapena lopanda — chizindikiro cha chinyengo.
- Yang’anani fungo: lofewa, latsopano, la chestnut. Fungo lowawa kapena “la udzu” — chifukwa chokaikira.
- Yang’anani tiyi: yoyera, yowonekera, wobiriwira wopepuka. Yomwe ili ndi matope — kukaikira.
- Samalani za mtengo: Gaoqiao Yin Feng weniweni wochokera kuchigawo chapakati sangakhale wotchipa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi imodzi mwa tiyi ochepa opangidwa ngati “mphatso ya tsiku lobadwa la dziko”: anapangidwa pa zaka khumi za China mu 1959. Uwu ndi “tiyi watsopano wodziwika” woyamba ku Hunan pambuyo pa 1949.
Ndakatulo ya Guo Moruo (1964): “肯让湖州夸紫笋，愿同双井斗红纱” — “Lolani Huzhou ikunyadirire mphukira za mtundu wofiirira, / Ife ndife okonzeka kupikisana ndi Shuangjing pa nthawi ya silika wofiira.” Guo Moruo anayika Gaoqiao Yin Feng pamlingo umodzi ndi tiyi awiri a nthano: Guzhuzi Sun (紫笋) wa m’nthawi ya Tang ndi Shuangjing (双井) wa m’nthawi ya Song — chiyamiko chapamwamba kwambiri.
Technology ya “提毫” (kutulutsa tsitsi) ndi chatsopano chokhacho cha Hunan Institute, chopanda mafanizo achindunji mu ulimi wa tiyi wachikhalidwe. Tsitsi la siliva limayima molunjika, osati kukhala pafupi ndi pamwamba, — izi zimasiyanitsa Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi tiyi ena onse a “tsitsi lochuluka.”
Tiyi anayamikiridwa ndi Mao Zedong ndi Zhou Enlai — anthu awiri ofunika kwambiri a China. Tiyi ochepa angadzitamande ndi chidwi cha atsogoleri onse awiri.
Zokolola za bungweli zidayesa kukhala “无公害” (zosavulaza) ndi mlingo wa mankhwala otsalira ochotsa tizirombo omwe akugwirizana ndi miyezo ya European Union.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wa ku Hunan ndi “wotsitsi” wobiriwira:

Guzhang Mao Jian (古丈毛尖): Kuchokera ku Xiangxi, Hunan. Komanso wa ku Hunan, komanso wotsitsi, koma — wopangidwa ngati zingano komanso wokhala ndi mphamvu yapadera yopirira (mpaka kutsanulidwa 15). Guzhang ndi wopirira kwambiri ndi “wolimba”; Yin Feng ndi wofewa kwambiri ndi “wa siliva.”
Junshan Yin Zhen (君山银针): Kuchokera ku Hunan, koma — ndi tiyi wachikasu, osati wobiriwira. Onse — “a siliva,” onse a ku Hunan, koma mwa teknoloji ndi kukoma ali m’magulu osiyana.
Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰): Kuchokera ku Anhui. Tiyi wobiriwira wotenthedwa ndi mawonekedwe a “lilime la mpheta.” Mao Feng ndi wonunkhira ngati maluwa a orchid; Yin Feng ndi “woyera mwa sayansi,” ndi tsitsi loyimirira molunjika.
Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Kuchokera ku Henan. Komanso wotsitsi, koma — ngati zingano, ndi fungo lofowoka la chestnut la “kuwotcha kawiri.” Xinyang ndi wolemera kwambiri ndi “wakumpoto”; Yin Feng ndi wofewa kwambiri ndi “wakumwera.”

Pomaliza:

Gaoqiao Yin Feng ndi tiyi wobadwa ndi sayansi ndipo woperekedwa kwa Dziko. Anapangidwa mu labotale ya Hunan Tea Research Institute pa tsiku lobadwa la China, anayamikiridwa ndi Guo Moruo mu ndakatulo imodzi ndi tiyi wamkulu wa nthawi ya Tang ndi Song, anayamikiridwa ndi Mao Zedong — ndipo panthawi imodzimodzi amakhalabe tiyi wodzichepetsa, wofewa, “wa siliva,” umene kukongola kwake kwakukulu kuli mu tsitsi loyimirira molunjika, lomwe limafanana ndi nsonga za mapiri zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Kukoma kwake kwatsopano, kofewa ndi kutsanulidwa koyera, kowonekera sikumangokhala chisangalalo cha kumva koma ndi zotsatira zowoneka za momwe sayansi ndi luso zingapangire tiyi woyenera “kupikisana pa nthawi ya silika wofiira” ndi nthano za m’mbuyomu.