Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān

Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān ndi tiyi wofiira wochokera kumalo omwe ali pa ndandanda ya Zinthu Zachilengedwe za Dziko Lonse za UNESCO, Phiri la Fànjìngshān m’chigawo cha Guìzhōu. Ichi ndi mbali ya chizindikiro chachikulu “Fànjìngshān Chá” (梵净山茶), chomwe chinalandira mwayi wokhala malonda odziwika ndi malo (geographical indication) mchaka cha 2016. Tiyiyu ali ndi kukoma kwabwino kopanda vuto, fungo lamaluwa losavuta, komanso milingo yapamwamba kwambiri ya zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi – zotsatira za kukhalapo kwa mapiri apamwamba a Yun-Guì Plateau.

1. Gulu Lake ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira waku China (红茶, hóngchá), wokhala ndi okosijeni wathunthu.
Gulu: Tiyi wofiira wa kumapiri a Guìzhōu; amapangidwa m’maonekedwe osiyanasiyana – wopindidwa (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng), wowongoka (条形, tiáo xíng) ndi wokhala ndi tinthu tating’ono (颗粒形, kēlì xíng).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guìzhōu (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), mzinda wa Tóngrén (铜仁市, Tóngrén Shì). Malo akuluakulu a kupanga: chigawo cha Yìnjiāng (印江土家族苗族自治县, Yìnjiāng Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn), chigawo cha Jiāngkǒu (江口县, Jiāngkǒu Xiàn), chigawo cha Shíqiān (石阡县, Shíqiān Xiàn), chigawo cha Sōngtáo (松桃苗族自治县) ndi zigawo zina za Tóngrén. Zigawo zonse khumi za Tóngrén zili m’dera lotetezedwa la Fànjìngshān Chá.
Coordinate za malo: pafupifupi 27°50′ N, 108°40′ E (nsonga ya Fànjìngshān — 27°54′ N, 108°42′ E).

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi mdera la Fànjìngshān umayambira nthawi ya Ming Dynasty. Mchaka cha 1411 (Yǒnglè 9, ulamuliro wa Emperor Chéngzǔ), tiyi wapafupi wochokera ku mudzi wa Tuánlóng (团龙村, Tuánlóng Cūn) mchigawo cha Yìnjiāng adalandiridwa ngati mphatso ya ku nyumba yachifumu ndipo adapatsidwa mwayi wa “gòng chá” (贡茶, gòngchá, “tiyi woperekedwa”). Malinga ndi “Mbiri ya Banja la Chái” (《柴氏家谱》), makolo amudzi wa Tuánlóng anabweretsa luso la kulima tiyi kuchokera ku Jiāngxī kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Sòng ndi Yuán (chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 13); mitengo yakale ya tiyi yomwe inadzalidi mpaka lero — zaka zake zikuyerekezedwa kukhala 450–600, ndipo amadziwika kuti “Zhōngguó chá wáng shù” (中国茶王树, “Mitengo yachifumu ya tiyi ku China”): iyi ndi mitengo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi yotsimikizidwa ndi zolembedwa mdzikolo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa minda ya tiyi ku Tóngrén kunayamba mzaka za 1980–1990. Mu 1987, chigawo cha Yìnjiāng chinaphatikiza ntchito ya tiyi pamndandanda wa “ntchito zothandiza”. Mu 2005, “Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng” (梵净山翠峰, tiyi wobiriwira) adalandira chitetezo cha chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品). Mu 2010, minda ya tiyi mu Yìnjiāng yokha inakwana 21,000 mu, pomwe 8,500 mu inali ikubala. Mu 2016, chizindikiro chonse cha “Fànjìngshān Chá” (kuphatikiza tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira) chinalandira mwayi wa chizindikiro cha malo padziko lonse (农产品地理标志) kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China. Mu 2018, Phiri la Fànjìngshān lenileni linalowetsedwa pa ndandanda ya Zinthu Zachilengedwe za Dziko Lonse za UNESCO, zomwe zidakulitsa mbiri yapadziko lonse. Pofika mzaka za 2020, chizindikiro cha “Fànjìngshān Chá” chinakhala chachikulu kwambiri chachigawo ku Guìzhōu, ndi mtengo woposa 23 biliyoni yuan.
Dzina: “Fànjìngshān” (梵净山) — “Phiri la Kuyera kwa Brahma”; dzinali limasonyeza mwambo wachibuda: “fàn” (梵) — kuchokera ku Sanskrit brahma (woyera, wopatulika), “jìng” (净) — “woyera, wopanda banga”. Fànjìngshān ndi nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri a Wǔlíng (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān, 2,572 m), imodzi mwa mapiri anayi opatulika a Chibuda ku China, yogwirizana ndi bodhisattva Maitreya. “Hóng chá” (红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira.
Chikhalidwe: Fànjìngshān ndi mphambano ya mwambo wachibuda, chikhalidwe cha anthu a Tǔjiā (土家族) ndi Miáo (苗族), komanso ndondomeko yamakono ya chilengedwe ya Guìzhōu. Tiyi pano si chakumwa chokha: ndi chizindikiro cha “kuyera” kwa nthaka yomwe sinakhudzidwe ndi mafakitale. Chigawo cha Guìzhōu chinali choyamba mdziko la China kuletsa mankhwala osungunuka m’madzi a glyphosate m’minda ya tiyi; mndandanda wa mankhwala oletsedwa unakulitsidwa kufika pa mitundu 128 (kuposa 66 ya dziko lonse). Tóngrén imadziwikanso kuti “likulu la matcha padziko lonse” (世界抹茶之都) — malo akuluakulu opangira matcha (抹茶) padziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito zomwezo za Fànjìngshān.

3. Unamwino ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito:

Mitundu / Cultivar: kupanga tiyi wofiira amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mitundu ya m’deralo (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, komanso mitundu ina yobzalidwa — Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) ndi zina zake. Mitengoyi ndi ya masamba ang’onoang’ono kapena apakatikati, ya chitsamba. Mitengo yakale ya tiyi ya mudzi wa Tuánlóng ndi gulu lapadera lomwe limakula mpaka mamita 5 ndi mbali ya thunthu “lokwanira mbale”.
Kusonkha: kusonkha mchaka (March–April) kumapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri; kumakumananso ndi kusonkha kwachilimwe ndi kwakugwa. Nyengo ya pamapiri imachedwetsa kuyamba kwa kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zizikhala ndi zakudya zambiri.
Mulingo wosonkha: mphukira imodzi + masamba 1–2 kwa magulu apamwamba; kuloledwa mphukira imodzi + masamba 2–3 kwa magulu wamba.
Zofunikira pa zinthu: tsamba latsopano, lathunthu popanda kuwonongeka kapena zitsulo zolimba; kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo posonkha kuti tipewe okosijeni wosayenera.

4. Malo ndi Zomwe Zimakulitsa:

Mapiri ndi chilengedwe: Tóngrén ili kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Yun-Guì Plateau, pakati pa mapiri a Wǔlíng. Kumakhala ndi mapiri a miyala ya limestone, zigwa ndi maphiri. Fànjìngshān ndi nsonga yaikulu ya mapiri (2,572 m); nkhalango za mdera la mapiri zili pa 95%, mafunde a ion negative mpaka 120,000/cm³.
Utali wa kulima: minda yaikulu ya tiyi ili pakati pa 400–1,300 m; malo abwino a tiyi wofiira ndi 800–1,300 m, pomwe kusintha kwa nyengo ya mapiri kumawonekera kwambiri.
Nyengo: nyengo ya subtropical monsoon ya pakati ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika. Kutentha kwapachaka 13–18 °C (mdera la tiyi 16–18 °C); mvula yapachaka 1,100–1,500 mm, kudera la phiri lenileni — kupitirira 1,500 mm. Kuwala 1,085–1,324 h/y — kumakhala ndi “dzuwa lochepa” (寡日照, guǎ rìzhào), chomwe chimadziwika m’minda ya tiyi ya Guìzhōu: mitambo imachedwetsa kuwala kofiira ndi infrared, ndipo kumaliza buluu ndi ultraviolet, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga chlorophyll b, amino acids ndi zida za fungo. Nyengo yopanda chisanu masiku 200–300. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati usiku ndi masana.
Dothi: dothi lachikasu, lachikasu-lofiirira ndi lofiira (黄壤、黄棕壤、红壤), acidic (pH 4.5–6.5), ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo. Dothi la acidic limakhala 74.2% ya malo a Tóngrén.
Madzi: Fànjìngshān ndi malo ogawa pakati pa mitsinje ya Yuánshuǐ (沅水, mtsinje wa Yangtze) ndi Wūjiāng (乌江). Phiri limapereka madzi oyera opitirira 2.8 biliyoni m³ pachaka. Madzi ndi oyera kwambiri: mitsinje yoposa 60% ili ndi gulu lachitatu kapena kupitirira.
Ntchito zachilengedwe: m’minda ya tiyi ya Tóngrén, chitsanzo cha “munda wa tiyi wa chilengedwe” (生态茶园, shēngtài cháyuán) cha mtundu wa “nkhalango — zitsamba — udzu” (林-灌-草) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe pakati pamizere pamabzalidwa mbeu zapadera za clover kuti ziletse udzu, zisunge chinyezi ndi zithandizire kuthirira nthaka ndi nayitrogeni mwachilengedwe. Izi zimalola kuleka kwathunthu mankhwala ophera udzu, ndikusunga chonde ndi kuyera kwa tsamba.

5. Njira Zopangira:

Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān amapangidwa m’maonekedwe osiyanasiyana — wopindidwa, wowongoka ndi wokhala ndi tinthu; njira za teknoloji zimasiyana pa gawo la kupanga maonekedwe.

Kuyala ndi kuwotcha tsamba latsopano (鲜叶摊青, xiānyè tānqīng): tsamba lomwe mwangosonkha limayalidwa m’gulu lopyapyala kuti liziwotcha komanso kuti ma enzymes ake ayambe kugwira ntchito.
Kuwotcha (萎凋, wěidiāo): kuchepetsa chinyezi cha tsamba mpaka 60–65%; tsamba limakhala losavunda, ndipo fungo lopepuka lamaluwa limamveka.
Kupindapinda (揉捻, róuniǎn): kuphwanya khoma la maselo, kutulutsa madzi kunja.
Kugawirana zidutswa (解块, jiěkuài): kulekanitsa zidutswa zomwe zanamatira pambuyo popindapinda kuti okosijeni ukhale wofanana.
Okosijeni / kupsa (发酵, fājiào): m’malo osamalitsidwa a kutentha ndi chinyezi; nthawi yake imatsimikizidwa ndi katswiri potengera mtundu ndi fungo la tsamba lomwe likupsa.
Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, chūhōng): ndi mphepo yotentha kuyimitsa okosijeni.
Kuziziritsa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Kupanga maonekedwe: ku mtundu wopindidwa — “cuōtuán tíháo” (搓团提毫, kukulunga ndi “kukweza nsonga”); ku mtundu wa tinthu — “zàolì” (造粒, kupanga tinthu).
Kuziziritsa (摊凉).
Kuyanika komaliza (足干, zúgān): kufikitsa chinyezi ku ≤7%.
Kuziziritsa ndi kusankha (摊凉 → 分级归类, fēnjí guīlèi).

6. Makhalidwe a Ziwalo:

Maonekedwe a tsamba lowuma: ulusi wochepa, wopindika mwamphamvu (条索细紧, tiáosuǒ xìjǐn); mtundu wakuda ndi kuwala ngati mafuta (乌润, wūrùn) ndi nsonga zagolide zoonekera bwino (显金豪, xiǎn jīnháo).
Fungo la tsamba lowuma: lotsekemera (甜香, tiánxiāng) ndi kachidutswa ka maluwa (稍带花香, shāo dài huāxiāng); m’magulu apamwamba — kamvekedwe ka uchi ndi zipatso zouma.
Fungo la msanganizo: loyera, losatha, lotsekemera la maluwa; pamene likuzizira, mavekedwe a zipatso zakupsa ndi mafuta ochepa a caramel amamveka.
Kukoma: kotsekemera ndi kofewa (甜醇, tiánchún), ndi thupi lozungulira komanso kukoma kotsalira koyera ndi kosatha. Mlingo wapamwamba wa amino acids (3.5–4.5%) umapereka chakumwa chakuya cha “umami” chosawonekera mu tiyi wofiira. Kubwerera kwatsopano kwa kukoma (回甘).
Mtundu wa msanganizo: wofiira wowala ndi woonekera (红亮, hóngliàng); m’magulu apamwamba — ndi mphete yagolide yosiyana.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lotheledwa): lofewa, lathunthu, ndi mphukira zooneka; kofiira ngati mkuwa ndi mtundu wofanana (细嫩显芽, xìnèn xiǎn yá).

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Msanganizo wamadzi (水浸出物): ≥36.0% — mlingo uwu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa muyezo wapakati wa China wa tiyi wofiira, zomwe zikusonyeza kukoma kokwanira kwambiri. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwa Tóngrén, mlingo wa zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi m’tiyi wa komweko umafika 38–47.8%.
Polyphenol: 20–30% (malinga ndi muyezo wa chizindikiro); panthawi ya okosijeni, mbali yaikulu imasandulika kukhala theaflavins ndi thearubigins.
Amino acids: 3.5–4.5% — mlingo wapamwamba modabwitsa, chifukwa cha kutalika, mitambo ndi kuwala kochepa. L-theanine ndi wamkulu pakati pa ma amino acids aulere.
Alkaloids: caffeine ~2–4% ya kulemera kowuma.
Phulusa: ≤6.0%; fiber ≤14.5%; kuchuluka kwa ufa ≤1.0%.
Mchere ndi trace elements: Fànjìngshān ili m’dera lolemera ndi lithiamu, strontium, zinki ndi seleniyamu; zida izi zimapezeka m’madzi komanso m’tsamba la tiyi.
Mavitamini: gulu B, vitamin C (imatsala pang’ono pambuyo pa okosijeni wathunthu).
Mawonekedwe apadera: zokolola za derali zimayesedwa ndi mfundo zoposa 500 malinga ndi mfundo za EU, zomwe zimatsimikizira kusapezeka kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zitsulo zolemetsa.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Kuwonjezera mphamvu: caffeine ndi L-theanine mogwirizana zimapereka chidwi chofewa komanso chokhalitsa popanda nkhawa kapena “kugwa kwa caffeine”.
Kuteteza kwakukulu kwa antioxidant: mlingo wapamwamba wa polyphenols ndi zotsatira za okosijeni wawo (theaflavins, thearubigins) zimathandiza kusunga thanzi la maselo ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni (oxidative stress).
Kuthandiza chakudya: mofewa kumalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa ma enzymes a chakudya; mwambo wakale mderali amamwa ngati chakumwa pambuyo pa chakudya chambiri. Nthano ya m’dera la Tuánlóng imanena kuti tiyi wolimba amatha “kusungunula ndalama yamkuwa” — fanizo lokokomeza la mphamvu yake yothandiza chakudya.
Thandizo la mtima ndi mitsempha: kumwa kochepa pafupipafupi kumagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa lipid profile ndi kusunga kukhazikika kwa mitsempha.
Kuwonjezera trace elements: kukhalapo kwachilengedwe kwa seleniyamu, zinki, lithiamu ndi strontium m’nthaka ya Fànjìngshān kumalowa m’tsamba la tiyi, ndipo kumathandizira kudzaza zinthu zochepa m’thupi.
Kutenthetsa thupi: monga tiyi yense wofiira, Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān ndi chakumwa “chofunda” mu zakudya za China, chomasuka m’mimba.
Ntchito yoletsa tizilombo: ma polyphenols a tiyi ali ndi mphamvu yoletsa mabakiteriya, kuthandiza chitetezo cha m’thupi chachilengedwe.
Thandizo la ubongo: mlingo wapamwamba wa L-theanine (amino acid yomwe imapezeka makamaka mu tiyi wa pamthunzi ndi wapamwamba) imathandiza kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, kusintha chidwi ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa maganizo. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pamodzi ndi caffeine, yomwe imakulitsa mphamvu popanda nkhawa yomwe imabwera ndi khofi.

9. Kakuzedwe:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95 °C kwa magulu wamba; 85–90 °C kwa magulu apamwamba a nsonga.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml (njira ya gongfu); 2–3 g pa 200–250 ml (njira ya ku Europe).
Ziwiya: gài wǎn (盖碗) yadothi yoyera ya 100–120 ml — kusankha kwabwino; ketulo yamagalasi kuti muwone mtundu wa msanganizo; ketulo yadothi kwa magulu okhuthala.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani ziwiya ndi madzi otentha, tayani.
2. Ikani tiyi, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro kwa masekondi ochepa ndikumva fungo la tsamba lowuma.
3. Kusamba (ngati mungafune): kutsanulira mwachangu kwa masekondi 2–3.
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: masekondi 5–8.
5. Kutsanulira kotsatira: wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 3–5.
6. Kuchuluka kwa zotsanulira: 6–8 kwa magulu abwino.
Dziwani: kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi (≥36%) kumapangitsa Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān kukhala wolimba kwambiri pamene akukazinga mobwerezabwereza — msanganizo umakhalabe wolemera ngakhale pazotsanulira zakumapeto.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe chosindikizidwa, chosawala (chitini chachitsulo, thumba la foil lovakiyumu); kutentha 10–25 °C; kutetezedwa ku chinyezi ndi fungo lina. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri: miyezi 12–24. Nyengo ya Guìzhōu imakhala yachinyezi kwambiri, choncho posunga m’deralo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a silika gel kapena mapaketi ovakiyumu.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Mtundu wa mtengo: kuchokera wapakati mpaka wapamwamba. Magulu oyamba — kuyambira 100–300 yuan pa jin (500 g); magulu apamwamba a mchaka a nsonga — kuyambira 300–600 yuan kapena kupitirira. Zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo: kutalika kwa munda, nyengo ya kusonkha (yachisanu yamtengo wapatali), kuchuluka kwa nsonga, maonekedwe a kupindika ndi kuti ali ndi certification ya organic.

Mmene mungapewere zonyenga:
1. Fufuzani zolemba: pakuyika pakhale chizindikiro cha “Fànjìngshān Chá” ndi chizindikiro cha malo; ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro umayendetsedwa ndi Tóngrén Tea Association.
2. Unikani fungo: loyera, lotsekemera, ndi kamaluwa; kusowa kwa mawawa amankhwala kapena kuwawa.
3. Yang’anani msanganizo: wowala, woonekera, wofiira; kukhala kwa matope kapena mtundu wakuda-wofiira kumasonyeza kuswa kwa teknoloji.
4. Lawani kukoma: kukoma kotsekemera kodziwika ndi “kuyera” kwa chakumwa chotsalira popanda kakomedwe ka asidi kapena kafufu.
5. Fufuzani chiyambi: magulu abwino amapangidwa m’zigawo za Yìnjiāng, Jiāngkǒu ndi Shíqiān.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

Mu mudzi wa Tuánlóng m’chigawo cha Yìnjiāng, pali mitengo yakale ya tiyi 20 yazaka 450–600; imadziwika kuti ndi mitengo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi yotsimikizidwa ndi zolembedwa ku China ndipo imatchedwa “Zhōngguó chá wáng shù” (中国茶王树). Kutalika kwa mitengo ina kumafika mpaka 5 m, mbali ya thunthu — pafupifupi 15 cm.
Phiri la Fànjìngshān ndi malo a Zinthu Zachilengedwe za Dziko Lonse za UNESCO (kuchokera 2018) ndipo ndi limodzi mwa mapiri anayi opatulika a Chibuda ku China, yogwirizana ndi Buddha wam’tsogolo Maitreya. Amonke a Fànjìngshān, malinga ndi nthano, anali ena mwa oyamba kupanga tiyi m’derali.
Guìzhōu ndi chigawo choyamba cha China kuletsa kwathunthu glyphosate ndi mankhwala osungunuka m’madzi opha tizilombo m’minda ya tiyi; mndandanda wa zinthu zoletsedwa unakulitsidwa kuchoka pa 66 (muyeso wa dziko lonse) kufika pa 128. Zokolola za “Fànjìngshān Chá” zimayesedwa ndi mfundo zoposa 500 malinga ndi mfundo za EU, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala mmodzi mwa “oyera kwambiri” ku China.
Tóngrén imadziyesa yokha ngati “likulu la matcha padziko lonse”: m’chigawo cha Jiāngkǒu kumunsi kwa Fànjìngshān kuli fakitale yaikulu kwambiri ya matcha padziko lonse (贵茶产业园), yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito zokolola za minda ya chizindikiro cha “Fànjìngshān Chá”.
Malinga ndi nthano yochokera ku “Mbiri ya Banja la Chái”, mu 1411, mfumu ya m’deralo (土司, tǔsī, mfumu yobadwa nayo) adafunikira mwamsanga mphatso yopereka ku nyumba yachifumu; kholo wake “Róng-zǔ” (荣祖) anaganiza zopereka tiyi wa ku Tuánlóng, ndipo Emperor Yǒnglè anasangalala kwambiri kotero kuti tiyiyo adalowetsedwa kwamuyaya m’kaundula wa “mphatso zamtengo wapatali” (宠物).

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:

Zūnyì Hóng Chá (遵义红茶, Zūnyì Hóngchá) — tiyi wina wofiira wodziwika ku Guìzhōu, wolowa m’gulu la khumi labwino kwambiri la tiyi m’chigawochi. Zūnyì Hóng nthawi zambiri amakhala “wowawa” komanso wolemera, ndi kamvekedwe ka chimera. Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān ndi wosavuta, wotsekemera komanso “woyera” kwambiri, ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa.
Qímén Hóng Chá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá) — tiyi wofiira wamkulu wa Ānhuī. Qímén amadziwika ndi fungo lapadera la zokometsera ndi maluwa a orchid “qímén xiāng”; Fànjìngshān alibe zovuta zotere za fungo, koma amalipira ndi kuchuluka kwa amino acids ndi kukoma kwakuya kwa “umami”.
Zhāopíng Hóng Chá (昭平红茶, Zhāopíng Hóngchá) — tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Guǎngxī, nawonso chizindikiro chachigawo chochokera posachedwa. Tiyi onsewa ndi ang’ono masamba, a gongfu hong cha aku kumwera kwa China, koma Zhāopíng Hóng ndi wopepuka komanso wopindika mozungulira, pamene Fànjìngshān ndi wokhuthala komanso wolemera mu zosungunuka.
Diān Hóng (滇红, Diān Hóng) — tiyi wofiira wa Yúnnán wa masamba akuluakulu. Diān Hóng ndi wamphamvu, “wowawa” kwambiri ndi wa chimera; Fànjìngshān, pokhala wa masamba ang’ono, ndi wosavuta komanso wochenjera pa fungo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pa mlingo wa zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi (mpaka 47.8%), ma tiyi a Tóngrén amatha kupikisana ndi a Yúnnán a masamba akuluakulu, ngakhale ali ndi kukula kosiyana kwa masamba.
Shíqiān Táichá Hóng (石阡苔茶红, Shíqiān Táichá Hóng) — tiyi wofiira wochokera ku chigawo choyandikana cha Shíqiān, nawonso wa m’chigawo cha Tóngrén. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku cultivar ya m’deralo ya Shíqiān Táichá, yomwe imadziwika ndi tsamba lokhuthala, “lobiriwira mtundu wa moss” (苔, tái). Poyerekeza naye, Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān ndi wosavuta pa zida zonse ndipo ali ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa kowonjezereka.

Pomaliza:

Tiyi Wofiira wa Fànjìngshān — tiyi wobadwira pamphambano ya malo opatulika a Chibuda, cholowa cha UNESCO ndi utsogoleri wa chilengedwe. Malo apamwamba a Yun-Guì Plateau ndi mitambo yake, mvumbi ndi “dzuwa lochepa” zimapanga tsamba lokhala ndi amino acids ndi zosungunuka zambiri modabwitsa, zomwe zimapereka tiyi wofiira womaliza kukoma kwakuya, kotsekemera koyera komanso kulimba pakukazinga mobwerezabwereza. Tiyiyu ndi wabwino kwa iwo omwe amakonda tiyi wofiira wofewa koma “wolemera” wopanda kuwawa koopsa — ndi omwe akufuna kukhudza limodzi mwa madera a tiyi oyera kwambiri pa chilengedwe ku China.