Dòngtíng bìluóchūn · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (wosafufuzika, 绿茶, lǜchá). Kuchuluka kwa okisijeni n’kochepera 5%.
Gulu: Tiyi odziwika ku China (中国十大名茶, Zhōngguó shí dà míngchá). Mmodzi mwa tiyi khumi apamwamba kwambiri ku China, chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn), cholowa chosadziwika cha chikhalidwe cha People’s Republic of China.
Chiyambi: China, Province ya Jiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), mzinda wa Suzhou (苏州, Sūzhōu), dera la Wuzhong (吴中区, Wúzhōng qū). Amapangidwa kokha pa mapiri a Dongting (洞庭山, Dòngtíng shān) — Dongting Dongshan (洞庭东山, Dòngtíng Dōngshān, “Phiri la Kum’mawa la Dongting”, chilumba chaching’ono, tsopano mudzi wa Dongshan) ndi Dongting Xishan (洞庭西山, Dòngtíng Xīshān, “Phiri la Kumadzulo la Dongting”, chilumba pa Nyanja ya Taihu, tsopano mudzi wa Jinting, 金庭镇). Tiyi amene amapangidwa kunja kwa madera awiriwa, malinga ndi muyezo wadziko, sangatchulidwe kuti “洞庭碧螺春”.
Ma coordinates a malo: Pafupifupi 31°03′ N, 120°22′ E (dera la Nyanja ya Taihu, 太湖, Tàihú).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Kulima tiyi ku mapiri a Dongting kumachokera ku nyengo ya Mafumu Asanu ndi Mmodzi (六朝, Liùcháo, zaka za m’ma 200–500 AD), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhalidwechi chikhale choposa zaka chikwi. M’nyengo ya Tang (唐, Táng, 618–907), tiyi wa ku Dongting amatchulidwa m’buku lakale la Lu Yu la “Chájīng” (茶经, “Buku Lopatulika la Tiyi”), ndipo olemba ndakatulo Pi Rixiu (皮日休, Pí Rìxiū) ndi Lu Guimeng (陆龟蒙, Lù Guīméng) ankalemekeza mapiri a tiyi a Taihu. M’nyengo ya Song (宋, Sòng, 960–1279), tiyi wa Dongting “Shuǐyuè” (水月茶, Shuǐyuè chá) ankaperekedwa kale kwa mfumu ngati gongcha (贡茶, gòngchá, “tiyi wopereka”). M’nyengo ya Ming (明, Míng, 1368–1644), ku Dongting ankachokera “Cloud Tea” (云雾茶) ndi “Spring Shoots Before the Rains” (雨前茗芽). Pofika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya Qing (清, Qīng, 1644–1912), tiyiyu anali atayamba kale kukhala wofanana ndi mmene alili lero, ndipo ankadziwika ndi dzina lachikhalidwe “Xiàshàrénxiāng” (吓煞人香, Xiàshàrénxiāng), lomwe lingamasuliridwe kuti “Kununkhira Kodabwitsa”. Malinga ndi “Zolemba Pansi pa Mibulu” (柳南随笔, Liǔnán suíbǐ) za Wang Yingkui (王应奎, Wáng Yìngkuí), m’chaka cha 38 cha ulamuliro wa Kangxi (康熙三十八年, 1699), mfumu, paulendo wake wakumwera wowunikira (南巡, nánxún), inalawa tiyi wa Dongting woperekedwa ndi mkulu wa mzinda wa Suzhou Song Luo (宋荦, Sòng Luò). Kangxi anaona kuti dzina lachikhalidwe “Xiàshàrénxiāng” linali losalongosoka ndipo anapatsa tiyiyu dzina lakuti “Bìluóchūn” (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn) — “Mizimu Yobiriwira ya Masika”. Kuyambira pamenepo, tiyiyu ankaperekedwa chaka chilichonse kwa mfumu ngati gongcha.
Dzina:
- 碧 (bì) — wobiriwira ngati emerald, ngati mwala wamtengo wapatali. Limaimira mtundu wa madzi ophikidwa ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono, ndiponso, malinga ndi nthano ina, likunena za phiri la Biluo (碧螺峰, Bìluó fēng) ku Dongting Dongshan.
- 螺 (luó) — nkhono, mzimu wozungulira. Limasonyeza maonekedwe a tiyi atapotokota mwamphamvu, ngati zipolopolo zazing’ono.
- 春 (chūn) — masika. Limaimira kukolola koyambirira kwa masika, pamene mphukira zofewa ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa.
Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Bìluóchūn ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Jiangnan (江南, Jiāngnán, “Kumwera kwa Mtsinje wa Yangtze”). Wafilosofi wa m’nyengo ya Qing Gong Zizhen (龚自珍, Gōng Zìzhēn), yemwe anabadwira ku Hangzhou — kwawo kwa Lóngjǐng, — analemba kuti: “Pakati pa tiyi onse, tiyi wa ku Dongting — Bìluóchūn — ndi woyamba pansi pa thambo; anthu akale sanali kudziwa.” Mu 2011, luso la kupanga Bìluóchūn pamanja linalembedwa pa Mndandanda wa Cholowa Chosadziwika cha Chikhalidwe cha PRC (国家级非物质文化遗产, Guójiājí fēi wùzhì wénhuà yíchǎn). Mu 2020, dongosolo la ulimi wa minda ya tiyi ndi zipatso ku Dongting linadziwika kuti ni Cholowa Chofunikira cha Ulimi cha China (中国重要农业文化遗产, Zhōngguó zhòngyào nóngyè wénhuà yíchǎn), ndipo tiyi weniweniyo analandira chiphaso cha “Chizindikiro Cha Malo a Zogulitsa Zaulimi” (农产品地理标志).

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Amagwiritsa ntchito gulu la masamba ang’onoang’ono a m’deralo — Dongtingshan Quntizhong (洞庭山群体小叶种, Dòngtíngshān qúntǐ xiǎoyèzhǒng, “mtundu wamagulu a masamba ang’onoang’ono a mapiri a Dongting”), womwe uli m’gulu la Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Izi ndi zotsatira za kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe ndi kwa anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri m’mikhalidwe yapadera ya chilumba ndi chilumba chaching’ono cha nyanja ya mikolimba. Masamba ndi ang’onoang’ono, ofewa, okhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka komanso kununkhira kwapadera kwa maluwa ndi zipatso.
Kukolola: Kumayamba ndi nthawi ya Chunfen (春分, Chūnfēn, “Equinox ya Masika”, ~20–21 March) ndipo kumatha pafupi ndi Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, “Mvula ya Mbewu”, ~20 April). Chofunikira kwambiri ndi tiyi wa “mingqian” (明前茶, míngqián chá), wokololedwa pamaso pa phwando la Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng, ~5 April). Pambuyo pa 20 April, tiyiyu m’chikhalidwe cha kwanuko satchedwanso “Bìluóchūn”, koma “chao qing” (炒青, chǎoqīng, “wobiriwira wokazinga”).
Mulingo wa kukolola: Amakolola mphukira zofewa kwambiri, zomwe zangoyamba kumene kutuluka, ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri apamwamba kwambiri, okutidwa ndi ubweya woyera (bai hao, 白毫, báiháo). Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi tsamba ndi 1.6–2.0 cm, mawonekedwe ake amatchedwa “queshe” (雀舌, quèshé, “lilime la mpheta”). Kuti apange 500 g ya Bìluóchūn wapamwamba, pamafunika mphukira zokwana 68,000 mpaka 74,000; m’mbiri yakale, pali zolembedwa za magulu omwe anali ndi mphukira mpaka 90,000 pa 500 g.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zokhwima kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira zofanana, zosawonongeka, ndi masamba; kukolola kumachitika nyengo yopanda mvula, m’maola ozizira a m’mawa. Mfundo zitatu za kukolola: “molawirira” (摘得早), “mofewa” (采得嫩), “moyera” (拣得净).

4. Malo ndi Makulidwe:

Mikolimba yapadera: Mapiri a Dongting — chilumba chaching’ono (Dongshan) ndi chilumba (Xishan) pa Nyanja ya Taihu — azingidwa ndi madzi mbali zitatu kapena zinayi. Chifunga cha m’nyanja, nyengo yozizira yofewa, chilimwe chozizira, kuwala kwakopepuka kofalikira, ndi chinyezi chochuluka zimapanga malo omwe anthu a ku Suzhou amafotokoza kuti “m’nyengo yozizira sikumazizira kwambiri, m’chilimwe sikutentha kwambiri” (冬暖夏凉). Mpweya ndi woyera, ubwino wa madzi ndi woyamba m’muyezo wadziko.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira za m’derali (红土壤, hóngtǔrǎng) zomwe zimakhala ndi chonde chochuluka komanso mchere, zokhala ndi asidi pang’ono (pH 4.5–6.0), zolowetsa madzi bwino, ndipo ngakhale zikanyowetsedwa zimapitiriza kuloleza mpweya. Ili ndiye malo abwino kwambiri a chitsamba cha tiyi.
Minda ya Tiyi ndi Zipatso (茶果间种, cháguǒ jiānzhòng): Khalidwe lalikulu la malo a Dongting. Zitsamba za tiyi zimabzalidwa mosakanikirana ndi mitengo ya zipatso — mabulosi a Japan (枇杷, pípá), mandarini (柑桔, gānjú), myrica rubra (杨梅, yángméi), ma plums (梅, méi), mapichesi, ma apricots, ma kaki, makangadza, ginkgo. Mizu yake imalumikizana, maphindu a mitengo amapereka mthunzi wochepa, potenthetsa chitsamba cha tiyi kumalo owala kwambiri a dzuŵa ndikuthandizira kusonkhanitsa ma amino acid. Kununkhira kwa maluwa a mitengo yomwe ikufalitsa kumalowa m’masamba a tiyi, kumapanga “kukoma kwa maluwa ndi zipatso” (花香果味, huāxiāng guǒwèi) — chizindikiro cha Dongting Bìluóchūn, chomwe sichipezeka m’mitundu yonyenga yopangidwa kunja.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Mapiri a Dongting ndi otsika — mpaka 300–350 m pamwamba pa nyanja; cholingamira ndi kutsika kwa malo ndi mikolimba ya nyanja ndi chifunga chakuda.
Dera ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga: Dera lopangirapo ndi lochepa kwambiri; dera lonse la minda ya tiyi ku Dongshan ndi Xishan ndi laling’ono. Kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni ndi pafupifupi matani 100–120 — izi ndi pafupifupi 0.2% yokha ya tiyi wonse womwe amagulitsidwa pa dzina loti “Bìluóchūn” ku China.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kupanga kwa Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni ndi ntchito yochitidwa pamanja, yodziwika ngati cholowa chosadziwika cha chikhalidwe cha PRC. Ukadaulowu umasiyana ndi ena chifukwa chakuti kukazinga, kupotokota, kupanga mawonekedwe, ndi kuuma zonse zimachitika mu poto limodzi (锅, guō), popanda kupuma.

Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Tafotokozera pamwambapa. Amachitidwa m’maola ozizira a m’mawa.
Kusankha ndi kusanja (拣剔, jiǎntī): Zopangirapo zimasankhidwa mosamalitsa, kuchotsa masamba owonongeka ndi osafanana ndi muyezo. Cholinga ndi kuti zonse zikhale zofanana.
Kufowoketsa (摊放, tānfàng): Zopangirapo zosankhidwa zimayalidwa mosanjikiza pansi pamtamba pa zitsulo za nsungwi kwa maola 3-5 kuti achotse chinyezi cha pamwamba, afowoketse pang’ono, ndi kuyamba kununkhira.
“Kupha zobiriwira” pa kutentha kwambiri (高温杀青, gāowēn shāqīng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Mu poto lopotozedwa lotentha (kutentha kwa pansi ~190–200 °C) amayika magalamu 500–700 a zopangirapo zofowoketsedwa. Katswiri ndi manja ake amasakaniza masamba, kuyimitsa ntchito ya ma enzymes ndikusunga mtundu wobiriwira. Fungo la udzu limachoka, ndipo fungo la maluwa limayamba kuonekera.
Kupotokota ndi kupanga mawonekedwe (揉捻整形, róuniǎn zhěngxíng): Popanda kuchotsa mu poto, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang’ono. Katswiri amasakaniza, kugwedeza, ndi kupotokota masamba, kuwapatsa mawonekedwe oyamba a mzimu wozungulira. Zochita ziyenera kukhala zosamala kuti tisawononge ubweya wonse ndikupewa masamba osweka. Nthawi yake ndi pafupifupi mphindi 12–15.
Kupukutira m’mipira ndi kuonekera kwa ubweya (搓团显毫, cuōtuán xiǎnháo): Gawo lodziwika bwino la Bìluóchūn. Kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 120–150 °C. Katswiri amatenga tiyi m’manja, kuwupukutira m’mipira yozungulira-mozungulira, kenako nkuwayala m’mbali mwa poto, ndikupukutiranso — ndipo motero mobwerezabwereza. Apa ndipomwe masamba a tiyi amapatsidwa mawonekedwe omaliza a mizimu yotopota (“miyendo ya uchi”, 蜜蜂腿, mìfēng tuǐ), ndipo ubweya woyera umatuluka panja. Mfundo: “choyamba chopepuka, kenaka cholemetsa, kenakonso chopepuka” — ngati akakanikiza mopitirira muyeso ubweya umachoka, ngati sakanikiza mokwanira mzimu suwapanga. Nthawi yake ndi pafupifupi mphindi 10.
Kuuma pamoto wochepa (文火干燥, wénhuǒ gānzào): Kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 50–60 °C. Tiyi amasakanizidwa mosamala mpaka chinyezi chitafika pafupifupi 7%. Ndipamene mawonekedwe amakhazikika ndi kununkhira kumakhazikika.
Kuziziritsa ndi kulongedza: Tiyi womalizidwa amachotsedwa mu poto, kuziziritsidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalongedzedwa mu chotengera chosapita mpweya.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kulawa:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Zingwe zofewa, zokongola, zopopotoka mwamphamvu ngati mizimu, zofanana ndi zipolopolo za nkhono kapena “miyendo ya uchi” ya njuchi (铜丝条, tóngsītiáo, “waya wamkuwa”). Zili ndi ubweya woyera kwambiri (白毫显露). Mtundu ndi wobiriwira-siliva wokhala ndi kamtundu kakang’ono ka emerald (银绿隐翠, yínlǜ yǐncuì).
Kununkhira kwa tsamba louma: Kwamphamvu, kosanjikizana: koyamba — maluwa atsopano (jasmin, maluwa a m’mundamo), kachiwiri — zipatso (pichi, apricot, mabulosi a Japan), katatu — kapangidwe kakang’ono ka mkaka ndi uchi. Ndiye “kukoma kwa maluwa ndi zipatso” (花香果味) kwenikweni kumene kumatsimikizira kuti ndi wa ku Dongting.
Kununkhira kwa madzi opangidwa: Kowala, koyera, kokoma-maluwa, ndi kapangidwe ka uchi ndi zipatso; kununkhira kumakhala kokhazikika kuyambira kupakira koyamba mpaka kotsiriza.
Kukoma: Kofewa, kofatsa, kwatsopano, kokoma pang’ono (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), popanda kuwawa kosayenera kapena kuphwanya. Kukoma kokhazikika kochokera ku ma amino acid (回甘, huígān) ndi mphamvu yotsitsimula (生津, shēngjīn). Khalidwe lodziwika: pakupakira koyamba, kukoma kumakhala kochepa komanso kopepuka, pofika kachiwiri kapena kachitatu — kumakhala kokwanira ndi kochuluka; “maluwa ndi zipatso” zimakhalapo nthawi yonseyi.
Mtundu wa madzi opangidwa: Wobiriwira wopepuka wokhala ndi kamtundu kakang’ono ka chikasu (嫩绿, nèn lǜ), owala, otuwa, oyera. Kwa mitundu yapamwamba — ndi kawala kakang’ono ka emerald.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopangidwa): Mphukira zofewa, zokwanira, zotanuka ndi masamba; mtundu wake ndi wofanana, wobiriwira wopepuka (嫩黄绿明亮); mphukira zooneka bwino.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Dongting Bìluóchūn ndi wapadera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid ndi kaphatikizidwe kosangalatsa ka kununkhira, zomwe zimachokera ku mtundu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono, mthunzi kuchokera ku mitengo ya zipatso, ndi kukolola koyambirira kwa masika.

Polyphenols (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Kuchuluka kwake kuli pafupifupi 15–20% ya kulemera kwa kuumitsidwa (malinga ndi kafukufuku wina — mpaka 11.1 g/100 g). Catechins olamulira: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC). Chiŵerengero cha polyphenols ndi ma amino acid chimakhala chochepa poyerekeza ndi tiyi ena obiriwira ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma kofewa.
Amino acids (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Kuchuluka kwake kuli pafupifupi 2.9 g/100 g (2916.29 mg/100 g malinga ndi kafukufuku wa labotale), zomwe zimaposa zomwe zimapezeka mu Huangshan Maofeng ndi Lushan Yunwu. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjīsuān) imatsogolera, yomwe imachititsa kukoma, “umami”, ndi mphamvu yomasuka.
Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — 2–4% ya kulemera kwa kuumitsidwa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mulingo wamba wa tiyi obiriwira oyambirira a masika; theobromine ndi theophylline — pang’ono kwambiri.
Mafuta onunkhira ndi mankhwala a kununkhira: Kafukufuku adziwika kuti mu kununkhira kwa Dongting Bìluóchūn muli zigawo 42, kuphatikizapo ma alcohol 11, ma nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds 7, aldehydes 6, terpenes 5, acids 3, ketones 2, ndi zinthu zina. Ndiye kaphatikizidwe kovutaku kamene kamasiyanitsa tiyi weniweni wa Dongting ndi onyenga.
Mavitamini: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), mavitamini a gulu B, vitamin A (carotenoids) — kuchuluka kwa vitamin A kumakhala kokulirapo poyerekeza ndi tiyi wofiira ndi wakuda.
Mchere: Fluorine (F), potaziyamu (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se pang’ono kwambiri).

8. Ubwino wa Thanzi:

Kuchita kwa antioxidant: Kuchuluka kwa catechins (makamaka EGCG) kumatsimikizira kutha kwa ma free radicals; mphamvu ya antioxidant ya ma polyphenols a tiyi ndi yokulirapo kuwirikiza ka 6–7 poyerekeza ndi vitamin E.
Mphamvu yotsitsimula ndi kuthandiza ubongo: Kugwirizana kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka kuwonjezeka kofewa koma kokhazikika kwa kukhala tcheru ndi kugwira ntchito popanda “kukwera” kapena “kutsika” komwe kumadziwika ndi khofi.
Kuthandiza mtima ndi mitsempha: Polyphenols amathandizira kuchepetsa LDL-cholesterol ndi triglycerides, kusintha kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha, ndikuletsa kuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti.
Kusintha kwa chigayo: Caffeine ndi catechins amathandizira kutuluka kwa madzi a m’mimba ndikufulumizitsa kagayidwe ka mafuta; mwachikhalidwe, Bìluóchūn amamwa pambuyo pa chakudya kuti athandize chigayo.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Vitamin C ndi ma amino acid pamodzi amathandizira ntchito ya chitetezo; kumwa tiyi wobiriwira pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa matenda a chimfine.
Kuteteza mkamwa: Kuchuluka kwa fluoride m’masamba a tiyi kumalimbitsa enamel ya mano ndikuchepetsa ngozi ya kuwola kwa mano; polyphenols amaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya a m’kamwa.
Kuthandiza thanzi la khungu: Mphamvu ya antioxidant ya polyphenols imachedwetsa kukalamba kwa khungu kochititsidwa ndi kuwala, ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative m’maselo a khungu.
Mphamvu yotsitsimula: Mbali yodziwika bwino yothetsa ludzu ndikutsitsimula (生津止渴, shēngjīn zhǐkě) — imodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri m’nyengo yotentha ndi yachinyezi ya Jiangnan.

9. Kaphikidwe:

Bìluóchūn ndi imodzi mwa tiyi ochepa omwe mwachikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kuponya pamwamba” (上投法, shàngtóufǎ): choyamba amathira madzi, kenako amamponya tiyi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa tsamba lake ndi lofewa kwambiri.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C. Madzi otentha kwambiri “amawiritsa” tsamba lofewa laubweya, kupereka kuwawa ndikuchotsa kununkhira kofewa.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3–5 g pa 150–200 ml ya madzi.
Zombo: Chosankha chabwino kwambiri — kapu ya galasi kapena botolo la galasi (kuti muwone “kuvina” kwa masamba a tiyi), gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yopangidwa ndi porcelain wopyapyala kapena ceramic ya celadon.
Ndondomeko (njira ya “kuponya pamwamba”):
1. Tenthetsani kapu ya galasi kapena gaiwan ndi madzi otentha, tsanuleni.
2. Dzazani kapuyo ndi madzi (75–80 °C) pafupifupi 2/3 ya kuchuluka kwake.
3. Mwamphamvu ponyani tiyi pamwamba pa madzi. Onani momwe masamba a tiyi akumira pansi pang’onopang’ono, akutambasuka ndikutulutsa kununkhira, — iyi ndi gawo limodzi la kukongola kwa mwambo womwa tiyi.
4. Kupakira koyamba — mphindi 1.5–2. Kununkhira kumakhala kofewa, kukoma kumakhala kopepuka.
5. Kupakira kwachiwiri — mphindi 2–3. Kukoma kumafika pokwanira.
6. Kupakira kwachitatu — mphindi 3–4. Kukoma ndi kununkhira kumachepa pang’onopang’ono.
7. Dongting Bìluóchūn wapamwamba amatha kupakira mokwanira maulendo 3–4.
Njira ya kutsanulira (功夫泡法, gōngfū pàofǎ):
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan.
2. Ponyani: 4–5 g pa 100–120 ml.
3. Kutsuka: kwa Bìluóchūn watsopano nthawi zambiri sikutheka.
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: masekondi 10–15 pa 75–80 °C.
5. Kutsanulira kotsatira: maulendo 5–7, kuwonjezera nthawi masekondi 5–10 pa ulendo uliwonse.
Mbali yapadera: Dongting Bìluóchūn wapamwamba amatha kutulutsa kukoma kwake ngakhale ataphikidwa ndi madzi a m’chisime kapena madzi a mineral a kutentha kwa m’chipinda (kuphiphiritsa kozizira) — ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi kukoma kwa mphukira, chomwe sichipezeka m’mitundu yonyenga.

10. Kusunga:

Mikhalidwe: Malo ouma, amdima, ozizira, otetezedwa ku fungo lina.
Chotengera: Chosapita mpweya — mtsuko wa porcelain, mtsuko wachitsulo wokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba, kapena phukusi la vacuum. Pewani zotengera zoonekera (kuwala kumathandizira kutha kwa chlorophyll).
Kutentha: Mwapadera — mu furiji pa 0–5 °C. Bìluóchūn ndi tiyi wobiriwira woyambirira wa masika wokhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka omwe amakonda chinyezi; pa kutentha kwa m’chipinda amataya mphamvu mwachangu kuposa tiyi obiriwira okazingidwa.
Nthawi: Mwapadera amwetsedwe pakatha miyezi 6–12 kuchokera pamene anapangidwa. Tiyi watsopano wa chaka chino (新茶, xīnchá) ndiwofunika kwambiri; wa chaka chatha amataya “mphamvu” yake yodziwika.
Adani a tiyi: Chinyezi, kuwala, kutentha kwambiri, fungo lina, mpweya.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gulu la mtengo: Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni ndi mmodzi mwa tiyi obiriwira okwera mtengo kwambiri ku China. Mtengo wa mitundu yapamwamba (特一, 特二) ungafikire masauzande angapo a yuan pa 500 g. Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo: dera laling’ono kwambiri lopangirapo, ntchito yochitidwa pamanja, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphukira pa kulemera kwa uniti, kuchuluka kochepa kwa pachaka (~matani 100–120 padziko lonse la China).
Vuto la zonyenga: Ambiri mwa “Bìluóchūn” ogulitsidwa ku China ndi kunja, amapangidwa kunja kwa Dongting — ku Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan. Tiyi amenewa amafanana m’maonekedwe, koma alibe kununkhira kodziwika kwa “maluwa ndi zipatso” ndipo ali ndi kukoma kosalala ndi kuwawa kwa udzu.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Onetsetsani muyezo pa phukusi: Tiyi weniweni amalembedwa ndi muyezo wadziko GB/T 18957 “Chizindikiro cha Malo — Dongting(shan) Bìluóchūn”. Ngati palembedwa muyezo wa mafakitale (NY/T) kapena muyezo wa kampani (Q/) — ndi tiyi wa kudera lina.
- Onani maonekedwe: Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni ndi wopyapyala kwambiri, “ngati waya wamkuwa”; ubweya wake ndi wachilengedwe, umagawidwa bwino. Zonyenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu ndi zosalala, ubweya ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachinyengo (mwachitsanzo, ubweya wa mabulosi a Japan).
- Nunkhani tsamba louma: Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni amakhala ndi kununkhira kosiyana kwa maluwa ndi zipatso. Zonyenga zimanunkhira “zobiriwira zosapsa” kapena “fundo la nthaka”.
- Onani madzi opangidwa: Tiyi weniweni amatulutsa madzi oyera, otuwa, obiriwira ofewa; onyenga — amakhala osalala, achikasu.
- Samalani pa mtengo: Mtengo wochepa kwambiri (mochepera 500 yuan pa 500 g kwa “wopamwamba”) ndi chitsimikizo choti tiyiyo anapangidwa kunja kwa Dongting.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Kupanga 500 g ya Dongting Bìluóchūn wapamwamba kumafuna mphukira 68,000 mpaka 74,000 — pomwe mphukira iliyonse imadulidwa pamanja. M’mbiri, pali zolembedwa za magulu okhala ndi mphukira zokwana 90,000 pa 500 g ya tiyi wouma.
Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni akaphikidwa ndi njira ya “kuponya pamwamba” amamira pansi pa kapu, osayandama pamwamba pake — iyi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yoyesera kuti ndi weniweni, imene idakwezedwa m’zolemba za nthawi ya Republican.
Dongting Bìluóchūn ndi tiyi yekhayo ku China amene dongosolo lake la chilengedwe (minda ya tiyi ndi zipatso) ndi luso la kukonza zonse zalembedwa m’ma rejista a cholowa cha chikhalidwe — kawiri kawiri, kwapadera ku fakitale ya tiyi ya Jiangsu.
Kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa Dongting Bìluóchūn weniweni (~matani 100–120) ndi pafupifupi 0.2% yokha ya tiyi wonse wogulitsidwa ku China pansi pa dzina limeneli. Otsala 99.8% ndi ogulitsidwa ochokera kumadera ena.
Mu kununkhira, asayansi adziwika kuti pali mankhwala 42 osakhazikika — mmodzi mwa mbiri zovuta kwambiri za kununkhira pakati pa tiyi obiriwira a ku China.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena Obiriwira:

Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Onse ali m’gulu la khumi lapamwamba, onse ndi a masika, a masamba ang’onoang’ono. Kusiyana kwakukulu: Longjing ndi wophwanyidwa, woponderezedwa mu mawonekedwe a “lilime la mpheta”, wopanda ubweya, wokazingidwa pa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka fungo la “mabokosi ndi nyemba”; Bìluóchūn ndi wozungulira-mozungulira, wokutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya, wokhala ndi fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso. Longjing ndi “wamafuta” komanso wokhuthala, Bìluóchūn ndi wofewa komanso “wamlengalenga”.
Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Ali ndi ubweya wofanana komanso kufewa, koma Maofeng ali ndi mawonekedwe a “duwa la maluwa” (osati mzimu), ndipo kununkhira kwake ndi “kwammapiri” kwambiri, ndi zizindikiro za orchid ndi zobiriwira zatsopano, popanda gawo lowonekera la zipatso. Maofeng amapirira kutentha kwakukulu pang’ono pophikira.
Yin Luo (银螺, Yín Luó): Mwachisawawa — ndiye wofanana kwambiri m’maonekedwe (wopotokota ngati mzimu, wokhala ndi ubweya). Komabe, Yin Luo si tiyi wokhazikika kudera, amapangidwa m’maboma angapo kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, alibe kununkhira kwa “maluwa ndi zipatso” kwa Dongting, ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi tsamba lalikulu komanso kukoma kochepa. Mtengo umakhala wotsika kwambiri.
Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Komanso tiyi wobiriwira wamasaika wokhala ndi ubweya, koma wochokera ku Henan. Tsamba limakhala lowongoka komanso lopyapyala, fungo — la mabokosi ndi udzu, popanda zipatso. Amakhala ndi kuwawa kochuluka m’kukoma.
Taiping Houkui (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Wosiyana kwambiri m’maonekedwe — masamba akuluakulu ophwanyidwa kutalika mpaka 6–7 cm. Kununkhira kwa orchid, kukoma kofewa, koma mawonekedwe ndi kakhalidwe ndi kosiyana kotheratu.

Pomaliza:

Dongting Bìluóchūn ndiye chiyambi cha masika a Jiangnan, chotsekeredwa m’mizimu yaying’ono yobiriwira-siliva. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa malo a zaka chikwi, minda ya tiyi ndi zipatso pa zilumba za Taihu, mtundu wosawerengeka wa masamba ang’onoang’ono, ndi luso lochitidwa pamanja zimapangitsa tiyiyu kukhala wosayerekezeka. Kununkhira kwake kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, kukoma kokhazikika kwa ma amino acid, ndi kufewa kopambana kwa madzi ake — si mawu opanda pake, koma zotsatira za sayansi yochuluka, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi labotale. Bìluóchūn ndi tiyi wa omwe amayamikira kukongola, omwe ali okonzeka kuchedwetsa ndikuwona momwe masamba ang’onoang’ono a tiyi, akuzungulira, akumira pansi pa kapu, ndikutulutsa kununkhira komwe zaka mazana anayi zapitazo okolola eni ake adapatsa dzina lolondola kwambiri mwa momwe zinali zotheka — “kodabwitsa.”