Dìngjūn Míng Méi

Dìngjūn Míng Méi (定军茗眉, Dìngjūn míng méi) ndi tii wobiriwira wochokera ku phiri la Dìngjūn (定军山, Dìngjūn Shān) – malo odziwika bwino a nkhondo m’nthawi ya Ufumu Utatu, pomwe wamkulu wa asilikali a Shu, Huang Zhong (黄忠), anadula mutu wa mkulu wa asilikali a Wei, Xiahou Yuan (夏侯渊) m’chaka cha 219. Tiyi amatchedwa “Míng Méi”—kutanthauza “nsidze za tii”—chifukwa masamba ake opindika ngati nsidze yopyapyala ya namwali. Anapangidwa m’zaka za m’ma 1980 ndi akatswiri a m’boma la Miǎnxìàn (勉县, Miǎnxiàn) pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Fuding Dabai ndi Longjing Changye, ndipo ndi tii woyamba m’mbiri ya Shaanxi kupatsidwa mwayi woperekedwa pa madyerero a boma (1996, Zhongnanhai). M’chaka cha 2006 analowa m’gulu la chizindikiro cha “Hanzhong Xianhao” (汉中仙毫)—dzina limodzi lotetezedwa la tii wabwino kwambiri wobiriwira wa “Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Jiangnan kaching’ono” (西北小江南), monga momwe amatchulira mwandalama chigwa cha Hanzhong—kagawo kakang’ono ka nyengo yotentha koma yonyowa pakati pa mapiri a Qinling ndi Bashan.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosapisa. Amakhala m’gulu la tii wobiriwira wa “mawonekedwe a nsidze” (眉形) wophatikiza kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha (烘炒结合, hōng chǎo jiéhé). Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi opyapyala, opindika, ngati mwezi watsopano kapena nsidze ya namwali.

• Gulu: Phata la “Hanzhong Xianhao” (汉中仙毫)—chizindikiro cha malo cha People’s Republic of China (国家地理标志保护产品, 2007). Limodzi mwa magulu atatu akuluakulu a Hanzhong Xianhao (pamodzi ndi “Wuzhi Xianhao” / 午子仙毫 ndi “Ningqiang Queshe” / 宁强雀舌). “Tii wa madyero a boma” (国宴用茶, 1996 – anaperekedwa ku Zhongnanhai). Mphotho ya golide pa mpikisano wa “Lu Yu Bei” (陆羽杯, 1992). Golide pa Chiwonetsero chapadziko lonse cha Panama cha 2013 (monga gawo la “Hanzhong Xianhao”). Tii wa organic – wovomerezeka ndi “Zhonglü Huaxia” (中绿华夏) ngati mankhwala a organic a gulu AA.

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西省, Shǎnxī Shěng), mzinda wa Hanzhong (汉中市, Hànzhōng Shì), boma la Miǎnxìàn (勉县, Miǎnxiàn). Minda ya tii ili m’mphepete mwa phiri la Dìngjūn (定军山, 833 m) ndi m’zigwa zoyandikana za Qinling, pamtunda wa 800–1380 m.

• Madera a mapiri: Pafupifupi 33°08′ kumpoto, 106°40′ kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chofunika:

• Mbiri: Hanzhong ndi limodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri a tii ku China. Malinga ndi “Huayang Guozhi” (《华阳国志》, zaka za m’ma 400), kale m’zaka za zana la 11 BC tii wochokera ku ufumu wakale wa Ba ankatumizidwa ku khoti la Zhou. Dzina la malo “Xixiang Yuetuan” (西乡月团, “Mikate yozungulira ya mwezi yochokera ku Xixiang”) ndi limodzi mwa mayini oyamba a tii otchulidwa m’mbiri ya China.

  Kupangidwa (zaka za m’ma 1980). M’chaka cha 1961, m’dera la Xiaohemiao (小河庙乡) m’boma la Miǎnxìàn, mitengo yakutchire ya tii inapezeka—umboni woyamba kuti phiri la Dìngjūn lili m’dera lomwe tii amamera mwachilengedwe. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chitukuko cha ulimi wa tii chinayamba mwadongosolo. M’zaka za m’ma 1980, akatswiri a za tii a Miǎnxìàn, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶), Longjing Changye (龙井长叶) ndi Ziyang Quntizhong (紫阳群体种), anapanga njira yapadera yopangira. M’chaka cha 1990, tii anavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri ndipo anatchulidwa kuti “Dìngjūn Míng Méi”—kulemekeza phiri la Dìngjūn ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lofanana ndi “nsidze ya namwali wamng’ono” (少女秀眉). Dzinali linavomerezedwa ndi Tea Research Institute ya Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院茶叶研究所).

  Madyerero a boma (1996). M’chaka cha 1996, Dìngjūn Míng Méi anasankhidwa kuti aperekedwe pa madyerero a boma ku Zhongnanhai (中南海)—nyumba ya atsogoleri a China. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba, ndipo malinga ndi zomwe zikudziwika, yokhayo, pamene tii wobiriwira wa Shaanxi apatsidwa mwayi wotere.

  Kuphatikizidwa mu “Hanzhong Xianhao” (2006). Pakati pa 2005 ndi 2007, boma la Hanzhong linachita kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya tii: mitundu yopitirira 20 yosiyanasiyana ya malo inaphatikizidwa poyamba m’magulu atatu (Wuzhi Xianhao, Dìngjūn Míng Méi, Ningqiang Queshe), kenako pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi cha “Hanzhong Xianhao” (汉中仙毫). Komabe, Dìngjūn Míng Méi anasunga ufulu wake wa luso ndi kalembedwe—mawonekedwe ake a “nsidze” ndi mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu zikusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wa “fasolosolo wobiriwira” wa muyezo waukulu wa Hanzhong Xianhao.

• Dzina:

  • “Dìngjūn” (定军)—“ankhondo oletsa”—dzina la phiri la Dìngjūn (定军山, 833 m). Phirili limatchulidwa mu buku lotchuka la “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” (《三国演义》): pomwepa m’chaka cha 219, wakale wankhondo wa Shu Huang Zhong (黄忠) pa nkhondo yofunika anadula mutu wa mkulu wa asilikali a Wei Xiahou Yuan (夏侯渊), zomwe zinathandiza Liu Bei (刘备) kulamulira Hanzhong. Pansi pa phiri la Dìngjūn pali Nyumba Yopembedzera ya Wuhou (武侯祠)—chipilala cha Zhuge Liang (诸葛亮), amene anaikidwa m’manda apa malinga ndi chifuniro chake.
  • “Míng” (茗)—dzina laulemu la tii (lapamwamba kuposa “chá” / 茶).
  • “Méi” (眉)—“nsidze”. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi opyapyala, opindika ngati nsidze ya namwali wamng’ono (少女秀眉).

• Chofunika pa chikhalidwe: Dìngjūn Míng Méi ndi nkhani yapadera ya tii yomwe mu dzina lake muli mbiri ya nkhondo ya Ufumu Utatu, kukongola kwa zolembedwa, ndi ndakatulo za tii. Phiri la Dìngjūn ndi malo odziwika oyendera alendo ku Hanzhong, omwe amakopa anthu okonda “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” kuchokera ku China konse ndi ku Japan. Maulendo ophatikiza tii ndi zokopa alendo akuphatikizapo kuyendera Nyumba Yopembedzera ya Wuhou, phiri la Dìngjūn, minda ya tii, ndi maphunziro a mmene amapangira tii. Hanzhong yonse imadziwika ngati “Likulu la Han la zaka 2000, Hanzhong yeniyeni yokongola” (两汉三国、真美汉中).

3. Kufotokozera Kwazomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mitundu / cultivare: Mitundu ingapo ya Camellia sinensis var. sinensis:

  • Fuding Dabai Cha (福鼎大白茶)—cultivar wamkulu. Amapereka kufewa, ubweya, ndi mbiri ya amino acid.
  • Longjing Changye (龙井长叶)—cultivar wochokera ku Zhejiang. Amathandizira mawonekedwe a “nsidze” ndi fungo la mabokosi.
  • Ziyang Quntizhong (紫阳群体种)—mitundu ya malo a ku Shaanxi. Amapereka kulemera kwa kukoma ndi phunziro la mchere.

• Kututa: Chakumapeto kwa March—chiyambi cha April. Phata la kupanga ndi mingqiancha (明前茶). Kututa kumayamba mochedwa kuposa zigawo za kumwera—chifukwa cha latitude yapamwamba (33° N) ndi malo a mapiri, mphukira zimakula pang’onopang’ono koma zimaunjika ma amino acid ochuluka.

• Muyezo wa kututa: Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri—mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langotuluka pang’ono (一芽一叶初展), chiwerengero ≥95%. Mphukira zimasankhidwa mosamala malinga ndi kukula ndi kukhazikika.

4. Dera ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Nyengo: Hanzhong—“Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Jiangnan kaching’ono” (西北小江南): kagawo kakang’ono ka nyengo yotentha koma yonyowa, kotetezedwa ku mphepo za kumpoto ndi mapiri a Qinling (秦岭, mpaka 3767 m) ndi ku mphepo za kummwera ndi mapiri a Bashan (巴山). Kutentha kwapakati pachaka—~14°C. Mvula yapachaka—~1200 mm. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi usiku—>10°C. Mvumbi ndi chifunga—85% ya masiku pachaka. Kuwala kochuluka kobalalika.

• Kutalika kwa kulima: 800–1380 m. Phata la kupanga—zigwa za madera a Xiaohemiao (小河庙乡) ndi Dashuya (大树垭), pamtunda wa 1000±200 m.

• Nthaka: Nthaka ya chikasu ndi mchenga wosakaniza (黄棕壤与沙壤土) yokhala ndi pH 4.5–6.0. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe—>2.5% (kwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa muyezo wa Hanzhong Xianhao—>1.5%). Seleniyamu: 0.653–3.853 ppm—chimodzi mwa zoyezera zapamwamba kwambiri m’derali. Nkhalango—80%.

• Zachilengedwe: Derali lili m’gawo la zomera zopangira madzi a projekiti ya “Madzi a Kumwera kupita Kumpoto” (南水北调中线工程). Minda ya tii ili kutali ndi mizinda ndi misewu ikuluikulu. Chitsimikizo cha organic cha gulu AA.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Dìngjūn Míng Méi ndi tii wa “烘炒结合” (wophatikiza kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha), wosiyana ndi muyezo waukulu wa Hanzhong Xianhao (womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wathyathyathya). Masitepe asanu ndi awiri akulu:

• Kututa (采摘): Chakumapeto kwa March, kututa pamanja ndi kusankha malinga ndi mlingo.
• “Kuphedwa kwa zobiriwira” (杀青): Ng’oma yozungulira pa 180–200°C. Kulepheretsa mwachangu ma enzymes.
• Kuziziritsa (清风): Kuponya mmwamba ndi kusefa (扬簸散热) kuti zizizire mwachangu.
• Kufinya (揉捻): Kupanga mawonekedwe oyambirira a “nsidze”.
• Kuwotcha kwachiwiri (炒二青): Pa ~70°C, pogwiritsa njira ya “kugwedeza ndi kuponya” (抖扬).
• Kupanga—kutambasula mzere (理条): Pa ~50°C, kupanga “nsidze” yomaliza yopyapyala, yopindika. Kupanga mwachidziwitso “搓条定型” (kusisita ndi kukhazika mawonekedwe).
• “Kukweza ubweya” (提毫): Pa ~60°C, kusisita kuti ubweya woyera uwonekere pamwamba.
• Kuumitsa (烘干): Makala a mtengo (木炭), 70°C, maola 1.5. Ndiko kuumitsa ndi makala kumene kumapereka fungo lofewa la mabokosi ndikusungira ubweya mosamala.

6. Zodziwika ndi Zinzathu Zake:

• Maonekedwe: Masamba opyapyala, osala bwino (细秀匀齐), opindika ngati mwezi watsopano (如新月), wobiriwira mofewa ndi ubweya wa siliva (嫩绿披毫).
• Fungo: Lofewa (嫩香), lokhazikika, ndi phata la mabokosi (栗香浓郁) ndi kamsung’ono kofewa ka maluwa a orchid (隐现兰花香).
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano (鲜醇), konyowa (醇爽), ndi kubwerera kwamphamvu kwa kutsekemera, kukulirakulira— “ngati kasupe wochokera ku mwala” (回甘生津如泉涌). Amatha kusunga kukoma mpaka kuphika kasanu ndi kawiri (七泡余韵)—chodziwika chapadera.
• Mtundu wa madzi: wobiriwira wachikasu, owala komanso oonekera bwino (黄绿明亮)—chozindikiritsa chapadera chosiyanitsa Dìngjūn Míng Méi ndi tii wa “mtundu wobiriwira” wa muyezo wa Hanzhong Xianhao.
• Pansi pa tii: Wobiriwira mofewa, wofanana, mphukira zimatambasuka ngati “maluwa” athunthu (嫩绿匀整成朵).

7. Zophatikiza za mankhwala:

• Polyphenols: ≥30.5%—chizindikiro chapamwamba, chomwe chimapereka thupi lolimba ndi “mphamvu” ku madzi.
• Amino acids: 3.56%. Amapereka kutsitsimuka ndi “konyowa”.
• Seleniyamu (Se): 0.25 mg/kg—kuposa 1.3 kuchuluka kwapakati pa Hanzhong Xianhao. Nthaka yochuluka ndi seleniyamu ya ku Dìngjūn ndi phindu lachilengedwe.
• Zinthu zomwe zimatuluka m’madzi: Kuchuluka kwakukulu (mofanana ndi muyezo wamba wa Hanzhong Xianhao—≥44.57%).
• Kofiyini: ~4.4%. Yochuluka pang’ono kuposa pafupifupi—imapereka mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu.
• Vitamini: C, gulu B. Mchere: Se, Zn, K, Mg.

8. Zopindulitsa:

• Kuchita antioxidant: Polyphenols ≥30.5% + organic Se.
• Kulimbikitsa mphamvu: Kofiyini ~4.4% + L-theanine—mphamvu yodziwika koma yofewa.
• Kudzaza Se: 0.25 mg/kg—gwero lofunika.
• Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima: Catechins amathandiza kukhazikitsa cholesterol yabwino.
• Kutsitsimula: Chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe “chozizira” cha tii wobiriwira.

9. Kuwotcha:

• Kutentha: 75–85°C. Kwa mlingo wapamwamba—75–80°C.
• Kuchuluka: 3–4 g pa 150 ml.
• Chida: Kapu yagalasi yowonekera kwambiri—kuti muwone masamba a “nsidze” akuyimirira molunjika ngati singano za paini (形似松针耸立). Madzi—obiriwira achikasu, onyezimira “amoyo”.
• Zochita: Kutsitsa m’munsi (下投法). Kuthira koyamba—masekondi 10–15. Amatha kupirira kuthira kasanu ndi kawiri—wonjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10 pa kuthira kulikonse.

10. Kusunga:

• Kuyika mosindikizidwa, firiji pa 0–5°C. Akatsegulidwa—1 mwezi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zoyenereza:

• Mlingo wapamwamba—kuyambira 600–1000 yuan pa 500 g. Wambiri—200–400 yuan.
• Gulani ndi chizindikiro “汉中仙毫” + “定军茗眉” kuchokera ku mabizinesi ovomerezeka a ku Miǎnxìàn.
• Tii weniweni— “nsidze” zopyapyala zokhala ndi ubweya ndi madzi obiriwira achikasu (osati obiriwira kwambiri). Fungo la mabokosi ndi kamsung’ono ka orchid.

12. Zosangalatsa:

• Bwalo la nkhondo la Ufumu Utatu. Phiri la Dìngjūn (833 m) ndi malo a nkhondo imodzi yofunika kwambiri m’nthawi ya Ufumu Utatu: m’chaka cha 219, wakale wankhondo wa Shu Huang Zhong wa zaka 72 anadula mutu wa mkulu wa asilikali a Wei Xiahou Yuan, kutsegulira Liu Bei njira yoti adzitchule “King of Hanzhong”. Pansi pa phirili pali Nyumba Yopembedzera ya Wuhou (武侯祠)—chipilala cha Zhuge Liang, amene analamula kuti aikidwe m’manda pomwepa.

• Tii ku Zhongnanhai. M’chaka cha 1996, Dìngjūn Míng Méi anaperekedwa pa madyerero a boma ku Zhongnanhai—tiyi woyamba wa Shaanxi kupatsidwa mwayi umenewu.

• “Nsidze ya namwali wamng’ono.” Dzinali linavomerezedwa ndi Tea Research Institute ya Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ndakatulo: tsamba la tii lopindika ngati nsidze ya wokongola (少女秀眉), pomwe phiri la Dìngjūn— “ngati linga la wankhondo”. Kusiyana pakati pa dzina la nkhondo ndi chithunzi chofewa—ndi dala.

• Kuphika kasanu ndi kawiri ndi kukomako. Dìngjūn Míng Méi amadziwika bwino chifukwa chakusunga kukoma mpaka kuphika kasanu ndi kawiri—chizindikiro chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri mu oolong kuposa mu tii wobiriwira. Chifukwa chake ndi kuchuluka kwa polyphenols (≥30.5%) ndi zinthu zomwe zimatuluka m’madzi.

• Kuchokera m’malemba 20 kupita ku limodzi. Mbiri ya Hanzhong Xianhao ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za “kuphatikiza malemba” a tii ku China: mayina opitirira 20 osiyanasiyana aphatikizidwa pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi, pomwe Dìngjūn Míng Méi anasunga kudziwika kwake.

13. Kuerekeza ndi tii wina wa ku Hanzhong:

• Ningqiang Que She (宁强雀舌): “Lirime la mpheta” lochokera ku Ningqiang. Mawonekedwe a “lirime”, lokhala ndi Se, lopanda kuwawa. Dìngjūn Míng Méi—“nsidze”, ndi Se, koma wochokera kudera lina laling’ono la Hanzhong.

• Hanzhong Xianmao (汉中仙毫): Chizindikiro chophatikiza tii onse a Hanzhong. Mawonekedwe athyathyathya, fungo la mabokosi. Dìngjūn Míng Méi ndi umodzi mwa tii atatu omwe ali mu “Xianhao”, koma amasunga umwini wake wa “nsidze”.

• Ba Shan Que She (巴山雀舌): Bashan. Mawonekedwe a “lirime”. Onse—ochokera ku dongosolo la Bashan–Qinling, koma Dìngjūn—“nsidze”, Ba Shan—“lirime”.

13. Kuerekeza ndi tii wina wa ku Hanzhong ndi Shaanxi:

• Ningqiang Que She (宁强雀舌): Komanso wochokera ku Hanzhong, ndi Se. Mawonekedwe— “lirime la mpheta”. Dìngjūn Míng Méi—“nsidze”. Onse—tii ndi Se, koma mawonekedwe osiyana ndi dera laling’ono.

• Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫): Chizindikiro chophatikiza tii onse a Hanzhong. Mawonekedwe athyathyathya, fungo la mabokosi. Dìngjūn—ndi umodzi mwa magwero atatu a chizindikiro ichi.

• Ziyang Lü Cha (紫阳绿茶): Shaanxi. Ndi Se, wochokera kudera lina (Kumwera kwa Shaanxi). Dìngjūn—wochokera ku Hanzhong, pansi pa phiri la Dìngjūnshān.

Pomaliza:

Dìngjūn Míng Méi ndi tii womwe mu kapu yake mwakumana Ufumu Utatu ndi Zhongnanhai wamakono, nsidze ya wokongola ndi lupanga la wankhondo, phiri lomwe muli manda a Zhuge Liang, ndi munda wa tii wovomerezeka wa organic AA. Mu madzi—kutentha kwa mabokosi ndi kutsata kwa orchid, “kasupe” wobwerera wa kutsekemera ndi thupi lolimba lomwe limatha kuchita kuphika kasanu ndi kawiri. Tii wa iwo amene amayamikira mu kapu osati kukoma kokha, komanso mbiri ya zaka chikwi za “Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Jiangnan kaching’ono”.