Diānhóng Jīn Sī · new.thetea.app

Diānhóng Jīn Sī ndi tiyi wapamwamba wofiira wa ku Yunnan, womwe timasamba tating’ono kwambiri, tooneka ngati ulusi wagolide wa silika, amaonetsa luso lapamwamba la opanga Diānhóng. Tiyi ameneyu amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kosafanirana kwamasamba owuma, kukoma kwake kofewa konga uchi ndi chimera, komanso fungo lake lamphamvu komanso losiyanasiyana.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá) – wophikidwa kwathunthu (mulingo wa okisijeni pafupifupi 90–95%). M’magulu a ku Ulaya amawerengedwa kuti ndi tiyi wakuda.
Gulu: Tiyi wapamwamba wofiira wa ku Yunnan, wa m’banja la Diānhóng (滇红, Diānhóng). Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yapamwamba ya Diānhóng Gōngfu (滇红工夫, Diānhóng Gōngfu), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kakudzigudubuza kosiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a mphukira.
Chiyambi: China (中国, Zhōngguó), chigawo cha Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Madera aakulu opangira amapezeka makamaka m’boma la Líncāng (临沧市, Líncāng Shì), makamaka m’chigawo cha Fèngqìng (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn) – malo a mbiri yakale a tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan. Amapangidwanso m’madera a Měnghǎi (勐海), Yǒngdé (永德), Chāngníng (昌宁) ndi madera ena a ku Yunnan omwe amalima tiyi.
Malo a Geographical coordinates: Fèngqìng – pafupifupi 24°35′ N, 99°55′ E. Malo a ku Yunnan omwe amalima tiyi ali makamaka pakati pa 21° ndi 26° N, pafupi ndi Northern Tropic.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mbiri ya tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan inayamba mu 1938, pamene katswiri wodziwika wa tiyi, Féng Shàoqiú (冯绍裘), atatha kusiya Qimen yemwe anali m’dziko logwidwa ndi a Japani, anafika ku Fèngqìng. Ataona kuti masamba aakulu a m’deralo anali abwino kwambiri, m’chaka chomwecho anapanga matani oyamba 17.4 a tiyi wofiira, omwe anawatcha “Diānhóng”. Mphukira zagolide za tiyi wa ku Fèngqìng zinachititsa chidwi chachikulu: zitsanzo zomwe zinatumizidwa ku Hong Kong zinayamikiridwa kuti zinali zosafanana ndi tiyi wina aliyense wofiira wamasamba aang’ono. Mu 1958, m’gulu la “tiyi wagolidi wa mphukira” (金芽茶, Jīn Yá Chá) wa ku Yunnan unakhazikitsa mbiri ya mtengo wapadziko lonse pa msika wa ku London – 500 pensi pa paundi. Mu 1986, Diānhóng “Mphukira Zagolide” anaperekedwa ngati mphatso ya boma kwa Mfumukazi Elizabeti Wachiwiri. Kulekanitsidwa kwa Jīn Sī kukhala mtundu wodziimira kunachitika pambuyo pake, pamene opanga anayamba kugwira ntchito mwanzeru pa kapangidwe kake kakudzigudubuza, kupangitsa mphukira kukhala ngati ulusi wagolide wochepa, zomwe zinkafuna luso lapadera ndi zida zabwino kwambiri.
Dzina:
- Diān (滇) – dzina lakale la chigawo cha Yunnan, lochokera ku ufumu wa Diān (滇国, Diān Guó) wa nthawi ya Nkhondo za Ufumu (475–221 BC).
- Hóng (红) – “wofiira”, kusonyeza kuti ndi wa tiyi wofiira malinga ndi gulu la mitundu isanu ndi umodzi la China.
- Jīn (金) – “golide, wagolidi”, kulongosola mtundu wagolide wa mphukira, zomwe zimakutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya.
- Sī (丝) – “ulusi, ulusi wa silika”, kuwonetsa chikhalidwe chosiyanitsa cha tiyi uyu – maonekedwe a timasamba toti timadzigudubuza mwa ulusi wochepa, wokongola.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Diānhóng Jīn Sī ali ndi udindo monga mmodzi mwa tiyi wofiira wolemekezeka kwambiri ku Yunnan. Amayamikiridwa osati chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kokha, komanso chifukwa cha kukongola kwake: kuchuluka kwa nsonga zagolide, kapangidwe kake kowoneka bwino ka ulusi, ndi “kuvina” kwa mphukira m’madzi pamene akusakaniza kumabweretsa mwambo wodziwonekera wapadera. Jīn Sī nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti ndi tiyi wabwino wa mphatso, kusonyeza kukometsetsa kwa wopereka. M’dongosolo la Diānhóng, ali pamwamba pa Gōngfu wamba ndipo pamodzi ndi Jīn Zhēn (金针, “Zitsulo Zagolide”) ali m’gulu lapamwamba.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Mbali ya Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu / Cultivar: Pa kupanga, amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng (云南大叶种) – Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Ili ndi dzina lachigulu la mitundu ya masamba aakulu, imene imaphatikizapo mizere ingapo yosankhidwa bwino: Fèngqìng Dàyè Zhǒng (凤庆大叶种), Měngkù Dàyè Zhǒng (勐库大叶种), ndi mitundu ya manambala – Fèngqìng №7, Fèngqìng №9, Yúnkàng №10 (云抗10号). Zikhalidwe zosiyanitsa za mtundu wa masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan: mphukira zazikulu zothwanima, masamba aakulu, okulirapo kuposa a mitundu ya masamba aang’ono ya zigawo zina; zinthu zochuluka za polyphenols (mpaka 30–35% mu zinthu zowuma) ndi zina zotulutsidwa; ubweya wochuluka wagolidi-wa reddish pa mphukira zazing’ono.
Kusonkha: Nyengo yayikulu yosonkha ndi masika (March–April), pamene zopangira zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Kusonkha kwa chilimwe ndi m’dzinja kumachitikanso, koma kumakhala kocheperako ponena za ma amino acid ndi fungo kuposa kwa masika.
Mulingo wa kusonkha: Wapamwamba kwenikweni – pa Jīn Sī wapamwamba, amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira imodzi yokha (单芽, dān yá) kapena mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi laling’ono (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Kusonkha kumachitika ndi manja okha m’maola a m’mawa kwambiri.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Mphukira ziyenera kukhala zachigwirizano, zosawonongeka, zothwanima, ndi zokutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya wagolidi. Mphukira zomwe zafota, zachikasu, kapena zowonongeka mwamakina zimakanidwa.

4. Terroir ndi Zikhalidwe za Kulima:

Chigawo cha Yunnan chili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, pamalire a chigwa cha Yunnan-Guizhou ndi mapiri a Himalaya. Derali limaganiziridwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa malo obadwira mtengo wa tiyi Camellia sinensis: pano amapezeka mitengo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi ya m’thengo ya zaka zoposa 2000. Malo a kulima tiyi ali m’dera la “zokomera zamoyo” – mkati mwa madigiri atatu kuchokera ku Northern Tropic.
Kutalika kwa kumera: Minda ya tiyi yopangira Jīn Sī ili pa utali wa mamita 1000 mpaka 2000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kumwera kumapiri kumapereka kukula kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphukira ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira fungo.
Nthaka: Makamaka nthaka zofiira za acidic (红壤, hóng rǎng) ndi nthaka zachikasu (黄壤, huáng rǎng), zolemera ndi zinthu zamoyo, iron, aluminium ndi ma micronutrients. pH ya nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala 4.5–5.5, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa mtengo wa tiyi.
Nyengo: Ya subtropical monsoon, yosonkhezeredwa ndi mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka 15–22°C, mvula yapachaka 1200–2000 mm. Zomwe zimachitika: chinyezi chachikulu (75–85%), nkhungu zambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha masana ndi usiku (mpaka 10–15°C), nyengo yozizira yopanda chisanu chokhazikika. Kuphatikiza kwa chinyezi chochuluka, kuwala kwa dzuwa kofalikira, ndi usiku wozizira kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kuti amino acid, shuga, ndi zinthu zopangira fungo ziunjikane pang’onopang’ono m’mphukira.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kupanga Diānhóng Jīn Sī kumatsatira ukadaulo wakale wa tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan ndi chidwi chapadera pa kusunga chigwirizano ndi kukongola kwa mphukira, komanso kupanga kapangidwe ka “ulusi”.

Kusonkha (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ndi manja, mosamala kwambiri. Amasonkha mphukira imodzi yokha kapena mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi. Nthawi yosonkha ndi maola a m’mawa kwambiri, kutentha kusanakwane.
Kufota (萎凋, wěidiāo): Zosonkhedwa zatsopano zimayalidwa mosanja pamasamba a nsungwi panja (kufota dzuwa kapena mthunzi) kapena m’chipinda cholowera mpweya wabwino. Nthawi yake ndi maola 12–18 kapena kuposerapo, malinga ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa 55–60% ya chinyezi, kupereka kusinthasintha kwa tsamba, ndi kuyambitsa njira za okisijeni. Pamapeto pa siteji, tsamba limakhala lofewa, litafota pang’ono, ndi fungo lolimba.
Kudzigudubuza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Siteji yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imapanga chizindikiro cha Jīn Sī – kapangidwe ka “ulusi wagolide”. Mphukira zofota zimadzigudubuza mosamala molunjika ndi manja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina odzigudubuza osinthidwa bwino. Timasamba timatambasukabe, kuchepetsa ukulu, ndikupanga kapangidwe ka ulusi wochepa. Njirayi imafuna luso lapamwamba: chikhalidwe cha kuwononga makoma a maselo kuti atulutse madzi ndi kuyambitsa okisijeni, koma nthawi yomweyo kusunga chigwirizano cha mphukira ndi kusawononga ubweya wosakhwima.
Okisijeni (发酵, fājiào): Mphukira zodzigudubuzidwa zimayika m’zipinda zokhala ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa (22–28°C) ndi chinyezi (≥90%). Nthawi yake ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 maola. Panthawi ya okisijeni yathunthu, ma catechins amasanduka theaflavins ndi thearubigins, ndikupanga mtundu, kukoma, ndi fungo la tiyi wofiira. Mphukira zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira-mkuwa, fungo limakongoletsedwa ndi mauthenga a uchi ndi zipatso.
Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Kumachitika m’zipinda zoyanika zapadera m’magidwe awiri: kuyanika koyamba pa 100–110°C kuti kutsimikizire okisijeni, kenako kumaliza kuyanika pa kutentha kocheperako (80–90°C) mpaka chinyezi chotsalira cha 5–6%. Kuyanika magawo awiri kumalola kuletsa kwathunthu okisijeni, kutsekereza fungo, ndi kupereka kukhazikika pa nthawi yosunga.
Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amapita kukasanjidwa komaliza malinga ndi ukulu ndi ubwino. Kwa Jīn Sī wa gulu lapamwamba, amasankhidwa mphukira zachigwirizano, zosawonongeka, za kapangidwe kotheratu ka ulusi ndi zokutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya.

6. Zikhalidwe za Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a tsamba lowuma: Timasamba tochepa, tokongola, todzigudubuza mwamphamvu ka kapangidwe kotheratu ka ulusi. Mtundu – kuchokera ku bulauni wakuda mpaka wakuda ndi zowonjezera zambiri zagolide ndi zofiira za ziphuphu, zomwe zikutidwa kwambiri ndi ubweya. Timasamba ndi tofanana, tofanana ukulu, ndi kusalala konga silika. Mu Jīn Sī wapamwamba, kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu zagolide kumakhala kokulirapo.
Fungo la tsamba lowuma: Lamphamvu, losiyanasiyana, lokhala ndi mauthenga amphamvu a uchi ndi chimera. Pamlingo wachiwiri – ma toni a zipatso zouma (prunes, apricots, mphesa zouma), chokoleti, ndi zokometsera zotentha. Panthawi zina, mauthenga abwino a maluwa akhoza kupezekapo. Fungo limakhala lokhazikika komanso losavuta kulizindikira.
Fungo la kukupiza: Lowala, lokumbatira, lolemera. Mauthenga a uchi ndi chimera amalamulira, akuwonjezedwa ndi zowonjezera za caramel, zipatso zouma, maluwa, ndi zokometsera zopepuka. Fungo limatseguka pang’onopang’ono ndipo limakhala lovuta kwambiri pamene chikho chikuzizira.
Kukoma: Kwathunthu, kofewa, kwa velvety, ndi chikhalidwe chotsekemera komanso kupweteka kopepuka kovomerezeka. Ma toni a uchi-chimera ndi zipatso (prunes, apricots) amalamulira, molimbikitsidwa ndi zowonjezera za chokoleti ndi caramel. Kuwawa kulibe. Kukoma kotsalira kumakhala kwakutali, kotentha, ndi kutsekemera kwa uchi komanso kanthu kakang’ono ka zokometsera. Matupi a kukupiza ndi olimba, “amafuta”.
Mtundu wa kukupiza: Kuchokera ku amber wowala mpaka wofiira-amber wakuya. Kukupiza kumakhala kowala, koyera, ndi “m’kati” wagolidi (金圈, jīn quān) wowoneka m’mphepete mwa chikho – chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa theaflavins.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Makamaka mphukira zachigwirizano, zosinthasintha, zomwe zasungabe kapangidwe ka ulusi. Mtundu – wofiira-mkuwa mpaka wofiira-bulauni. Mphukira zokutidwa ndi ubweya wagolidi, zofewa pakukhudza, ndi fungo labwino lotsekamera.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Mbiri ya mankhwala ya Diānhóng Jīn Sī imatsimikiziridwa ndi zikhalidwe za zopangira za masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan, zolemera ndi zinthu zotulutsidwa (zomwe zili – mpaka 46–50% mu zinthu zowuma).

Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols onse mu tiyi wa masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan kumafika 30–35% mu tsamba latsopano – limodzi mwa milingo yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya tiyi padziko lonse. Panthawi ya okisijeni yathunthu, ma catechins amasanduka theaflavins (0.5–1.5%) – omwe amayendetsa kuwala kwa kukupiza ndi “kukhala kwamoyo” kwa kukoma, ndi thearubigins (6–12%) – omwe amapereka kuya kwa mtundu ndi kulimba kwa matupi.
Amino acids: Kuchuluka konse – 2–4% ya zinthu zowuma. L-theanine (L-téanine) ndi amino acid yotsogolera, yomwe imapereka kutsekemera kwake kosadziwika ndi “kukhala kwakukulu” kwa kukoma, komanso kupereka zotsatira zomasulira popanda kutopa. Zopangira za masika zimakhala ndi amino acids ochuluka kwambiri.
Alkaloids: Caffeine – 2.5–4.0% ya zinthu zowuma (pafupifupi 30–50 mg pa chikho cha 200 ml). Theobromine ndi theophylline amapezeka pang’ono. Kugwirizana kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka zotsatira zofewetsa, zotonthoza zomwe zimatenga nthawi yaitali.
Mafuta ofunikira: Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonunkhira zosakhazikika – linalool, geraniol, citronellol, β-ionone, komanso zinthu zochokera ku Mayard reaction, zomwe zimapanga mauthenga a uchi, chimera, ndi zipatso, zomwe ndi zikhalidwe za tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan wowiritsidwa.
Mavitamini: A (monga β-carotene), C (pang’ono – amawonongeka pang’ono pa okisijeni), E, K, gulu B (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅).
Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, fluoride, selenium. Tiyi wa ku Yunnan amadziwika ndi selenium yochuluka chifukwa cha zikhalidwe za nthaka za m’deralo.
Zikhalidwe za kapangidwe: Mtundu wa masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan umakhala ndi polyphenols, theaflavins, ndi zinthu zotulutsidwa zochuluka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya masamba aang’ono, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwake kwa kukoma ndi mtundu wa Diānhóng.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Zotsatira zofewetsa zotonthoza: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yotalika popanda kudzutsidwa kwakukulu, kumawongolera kukhazikika kwa maganizo ndi ntchito za ubongo.
Zotsatira zotenthetsa: Mwa mawu a m’chikhalidwe cha mankhwala a China, tiyi wofiira ali ndi chikhalidwe “chotentha” (温性, wēn xìng), kumawongolera kuyenda kwa qi ndi magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yamtengo wapatali makamaka m’nyengo yozizira.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins amakhala ndi zochita zamphamvu za antioxidant, kumachepetsa ma free radicals ndi kuchedwetsa njira za okisijeni ya maselo.
Kuthandiza chakudya: Polyphenols a tiyi wofiira amalimbikitsa kupanga ma enzymes a chakudya, kumakhazikitsa m’mikrobiyomu ya m’mimba ndi kuthandiza kugaya chakudya cholemera.
Thandizo la mtima: Kumwa tiyi wofiira pafupipafupi kungathe kuthandiza kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol ya LDL ndi kukhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha zochita za theaflavins.
Zotsatira zotsutsana ndi kutupa: Zinthu za polyphenolic zimawonetsa zochita zotsutsana ndi kutupa, kumathandiza kuchepetsa njira za kutupa kosatha.
Zotsatira zokana kupsinjika: L-theanine imalimbikitsa kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, kumathandiza kupumula ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa popanda zotsatira zogonetsa.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Polyphenols ndi amino acids a tiyi wofiira amakhala ndi zochita zokomera chitetezo cha m’thupi, kumawonjezera kulimbana kwa thupi.

9. Kukonza:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90°C. Kutentha kokwezeka kungathe kubweretsa kupweteka koposa ndi kuwononga zinthu zonunkhira zosakhwima.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3–5 g pa 150–200 ml ya madzi. Chifukwa cha ukulu wochepa ndi kudzaza kwakukulu kwa zopangira za mphukira, amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi wocheperapo kuposa tiyi wofiira wamasamba.
Zida: Chosankha chabwino – gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ya porcelain kapena galasi. Galasi limalola kuyang’ana momwe mphukira zagolide zikutsegukira ndi “kuvina” m’madzi – chimenechi ndi chisangalalo chowonera. Komanso, kapu ya porcelain yopyapyala ya ukulu wochepa ndi yabwino. Zipika za Yixing za dongo lofiirira (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) ndizovomerezeka, koma zimatha kufooketsa fungo losakhwima.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani zida ndi madzi otentha, tsanulani madziwo.
2. Ikani tiyi wouma mu gaiwan ndi kuphimba ndi chivundikiro kwa masekondi angapo, kuti muyamikire fungo lomwe limadzuka.
3. Onjezani madzi a 85–90°C ndikutsanula nthawi yomweyo – uku ndiko kutsukira koyamba (洗茶, xǐ chá), kutsegulira tsamba.
4. Chitani kupanga koyamba: onjezani madzi ndi kudikira masekondi 10–15 (pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya gongfu) kapena mphindi 1–2 (mu kapu ya ukulu wa ku Ulaya).
5. Sanulani kukupiza mu zikho kudzera pa sefa.
6. Zopanga zotsatira – 5–8 zopanga, ndi kuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yodikira ndi masekondi 5–10. Yang’anitsitsani kusintha kwa mtundu ndi fungo kuchokera kupanga limodzi kupita ku lina.

10. Kusunga:

Diānhóng Jīn Sī ndi tiyi wowiritsidwa kwathunthu, osapangidwira kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Nthawi yabwino yosunga ndi miyezi 18–24, mmene kukoma ndi fungo zimatseguka mokwanira. Ena odziwa amanena kuti pambuyo pa miyezi 2–3 ya “kupumula” pambuyo pa kupanga, kakomedwe kakang’ono ka moto kamafewetsedwa ndipo kukoma kumakhala kogwirizana kwambiri. Mikhalidwe yosunga: chidebe cha opaque chotsekedwa (chitini chachitsulo, thumba la zojambulazo ndi loko), malo owuma, ozizira ndi kutentha kosapitirira 25°C, kutali ndi kuwala kwadzuwa ndi fungo lachilendo. Kusunga mu firiji n’kovomerezeka, koma si kofunikira – mosiyana ndi tiyi wobiriwira, tiyi wofiira wowiritsidwa samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha, koma chofunika kwambiri ndi chitetezo ku chinyezi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:

Diānhóng Jīn Sī ali m’gulu lamtengo wapamwamba la tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan. Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo: kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira za mphukira zokha (pa 1 kg ya tiyi womalizidwa, amafunikira pafupifupi 60,000–80,000 mphukira zatsopano); kusonkha pamanja, komwe kumafuna kuyenerera kwakukulu ndi kusamala; kuvuta kwa kudzigudubuza, pomwe ayenera kupereka kapangidwe ka ulusi popanda kuwononga ziphuphu zosakhwima; ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kupanga, makamaka mu nyengo ya masika. Mtengo wogulitsa wa Jīn Sī wabwino pamsika wa China ndi kuyambira 200 mpaka 800 yuan pa 200 g kapena kuposerapo, malinga ndi chiyambi ndi gulu.

Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika – malo ogulitsira tiyi apadera omwe ali ndi njira zotsimikizika zoperekera zinthu, omwe angathe kupereka chidziwitso cha wopanga, chaka, ndi nyengo yosonkha.
Yerekezerani maonekedwe: Jīn Sī weniweni – ndi ulusi wochepa, wofanana ukulu, umene umatidwa ndi ubweya wagolide wochuluka. Kukhalapo kwa timasamba tambiri tothyoka, mtundu wosafanana, ndi ubweya wopepuka ndi zizindikiro za chopangidwa chamtundu wapansi kapena chozengereza.
Fufuzani fungo: Tsamba lowuma liyenera kutulutsa fungo lofewa, lotsekemera la uchi-chimera. Fungo lachilendo, lochita kupanga, kapena “lofuula” ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
Fufuzani kukupiza: Mtundu – woyera amber-wagolidi ndi “m’kati” wagolidi wowoneka bwino. Chithaphwi, chopepuka, mtundu wakuda zikuwonetsa kutsika kwa ubwino.
Chenjerani ndi mitengo yochepetsetsa: Diānhóng weniweni wa mphukira sangakhale wotchipa. Mtengo wocheperapo kwambiri kuposa wa msika nthawi zambiri umasonyeza kusinthidwa kwa zopangira kapena chiyambi.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Ulusi Wagolide” monga chizindikiro cha luso: Kapangidwe ka Jīn Sī – ndi kamodzi mwa kovuta kwambiri m’kupanga Diānhóng. Kusunga chigwirizano cha mphukira zosakhwima pamene zikudzigudubuza ngati ulusi wochepa, popanda kuwononga ubweya, ndikotheka kwa katswiri wodziwa zambiri ndi zaka zambiri za m’ntchito.
Chodabwitsa cha “m’kati wagolide”: M’kati wagolide wowala m’mphepete mwa chikho (金圈, jīn quān) – chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Diānhóng wabwino. Amapangidwa ndi theaflavins, omwe amasonkhanira m’malire a kukupiza ndi mpweya, ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa zizindikiro zodalirika za ubwino wa tiyi wofiira.
“Wofiira wa Kumapiri” (高原红, gāoyuán hóng): Umu ndi momwe amanenera m’chinenero cha tiyi mtundu wofiira-amber wochuluka, womwe ndi khalidwe la tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan, mofanana ndi mawanga abwino a magazi a anthu a kumapiri.
Tiyi-mphatso kwa mfumukazi: Mwambo wopereka Diānhóng pa mulingo wa boma sunathe mu 1986 – tiyi wofiira wa ku Yunnan wakhala ukuphatikizidwa nthawi zambiri m’ma seti a mphatso za protocol za atsogoleri a mayiko, kumangirira mbiri yake monga mmodzi mwa tiyi wofiira wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse.
Mtengo wapatali wa 1958: 500 pensi pa paundi (0.45 kg) pamsika wa London – zofanana ndi zoposa 100 pounds sterling mu ndalama zamakono – zinakhala mbiri ya mtengo wapadziko lonse wa tiyi panthawiyo.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Diānhóng ena:

Diānhóng Gōngfu (滇红工夫): Tiyi wofiira wa masamba achikale a ku Yunnan. Amagwiritsa ntchito zopangira za mulingo “mphukira imodzi – masamba awiri” ndi kuposerapo. Amakhala wokhuthala kwambiri ndi wochuluka, ndi mauthenga a chimera ndi chokoleti-zokometsera. Jīn Sī poyerekeza – ndi wofewa, wotsekemera, wokhala ndi mauthenga a uchi-zipatso komanso kupweteka kochepa.
Diānhóng Jīn Zhēn (滇红金针): “Zitsulo Zagolide” – amapangidwanso kuchokera ku mphukira imodzi, koma amadzigudubuza molunjika ngati chitsulo (mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka ulusi wa Jīn Sī). Kukoma ndi kofanana, koma Jīn Zhēn nthawi zambiri amakhala wolimba pang’ono komanso wosakhwima. Zopangira za Jīn Zhēn nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku mitundu ndi mphukira zazikulu (Fèngqìng №7, №9), pamene kwa Jīn Sī, zofunikira pa kuchepa kwa kudzigudubuza n’zokwera.
Diānhóng Jīn Luó (滇红金螺): “Mizere Zagolide” – mphukira ndi masamba aang’ono, odzigudubuza mozungulira. Amakhala ndi fungo la maluwa, ndi kupweteka pang’ono poyerekeza ndi Jīn Sī. Mowonekera, n’zowonekera mosiyana ndi kudzigudubuza kozungulira.
Diānhóng Sōng Zhēn (滇红松针): “Zitsulo za Payini” – kuchokera ku zopangira za mulingo “mphukira imodzi – tsamba limodzi”, timasamba tatali toongoka. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pakati pa Diānhóng apamwamba, koma ndi wokhuthala kwambiri komanso wosakhwima kuposa Jīn Sī wamphukira yekha. Amasiyana mowonekera: masamba akuda ndi ubweya wagolide m’mphepete mwa utali.
Diānhóng Yěshēng (滇红野生): “Diānhóng Wakuthengo” – kuchokera ku zopangira za mitengo ya tiyi ya kuthengo kapena yomwe idawonongeka. Mowonekera, ndi wosavomerezeka (wakuda, wopanda ubweya wochuluka), koma ali ndi mauthenga apadera a “kuthengo” – ndi mitsinje yakuya ndi kukoma kotsalira kwamphamvu.

Pomaliza:

Diānhóng Jīn Sī ndi umodzi mwa tiyi omwe amatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti: tiyi wofiira angakhale wosakhwima komanso wosiyanasiyana monga ma oolong kapena tiyi woyera wabwino kwambiri. Ulusi wake wagolide wochepa, kukoma kofewa kwa uchi-chimera popanda kuwawa kapena kupweteka, fungo losiyanasiyana ndi mauthenga a zipatso zouma ndi chokoleti zimabweretsa chokumana nacho chenicheni cha tiyi, momwe kukongola kwa kapangidwe ndi kuya kwa kukoma zili mumgwirizano wangwiro. Tiyi uyu ndiwabwino makamaka kwa iwo amene amayamikira kufewa ndi kutsekemera mu tiyi wofiira, komanso kwa iwo amene angoyamba kudziwana ndi dziko la tiyi ya gongfu ya China – Jīn Sī amalandira ndi kutentha kwa velvety ndipo samakhumudwitsa ngakhale pamene magawo a kukonza sakhala olondola kotheratu.