Diānhóng Jīn Luó

Diānhóng Jīn Luó ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tii wofiira wa ku Yunnan, yodziwika ndi maonekedwe ake ozungulira ngati golide, omwe amachokera ku njira yopangira tii wa Bi Luó Chūn. Kuphatikiza kwa masamba aakulu a mtundu wa Yunnan ndi luso lapadera la kukulunga kumatulutsa tii wokoma, wa uchi ndi zipatso, komanso wonyezimira wa timaso tating’ono tagolide.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wofiira (红茶, hóngchá), wophikidwa mokwanira (mlingo wa okisidiyoni ~80–90%). M’madongosolo a ku Ulaya amatchedwa tii wakuda.
• Gulu: Tii wapamwamba wofiira wa ku Yunnan, mtundu wa gulu la Diānhóng (滇红, Diānhóng). Ndi wa gulu la “odziwika bwino” (名优, míngyōu), osankhidwa molingana ndi maonekedwe a kukulungidwa.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Madera akuluakulu opangira ndi: Fengqing (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn) m’chigawo cha Lincang (临沧市, Líncāng Shì), komanso Baoshan (保山, Bǎoshān), Pu’er (普洱, Pǔ’ěr), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà) ndi Dehong (德宏, Déhóng). Fengqing amadziwika kuti ndiye kholo la mitundu yonse ya Diānhóng komanso malo abwino opangira Jīn Luó.
• Ma Coordinate: Fengqing – pafupifupi 24°35′ Kumpoto, 99°55′ Kum’mawa. Dera lonse: pakati pa 21° ndi 29° Kumpoto, 97° ndi 106° Kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Diānhóng monga tii wofiira anapangidwa ndi katswiri wamkulu wa tii Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, Féng Shàoqiú) kuyambira m’dzinja la 1938 mpaka 1941 pafakitare ya tii m’chigawo cha Fengqing. Pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pamene madera odziwika a tii kum’mawa kwa China anali pachiwopsezo, boma la Republic of China linakonza zopanga tii wofiira ku Yunnan kuti agulitse kunja ndikupeza ndalama zakunja. Poyamba tiyi ankatchedwa “Yúnhóng” (云红), kenaka anasintha kukhala “Diānhóng” – kutengera dzina lakale la derali.

  Maonekedwe a “ma spiral a golide” ndi chitukuko cham’mbuyo cha mitundu ya Diānhóng. Jīn Luó anabadwa chifukwa chosintha njira yokulungira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tii wodziwika bwino wamtundu wa Bi Luó Chūn (碧螺春, Bì Luó Chūn) wa ku Jiangsu, kuti igwirizane ndi masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan. Kuwonjezera siteji ya “揉团显毫” (róutuán xiǎnháo – kukulunga m’timagulu ndi kuonetsa timaso) kunathandiza kupanga maonekedwe ophatikizika, owoneka bwino komanso okhala ndi timaso tambiri ta golide.

• Dzina:

  • Diān (滇) – dzina lakale la Yunnan, lochokera ku ufumu wa Diān (滇国, Diānguó), umene unalipo m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya Dianchi m’nthawi ya Nkhondo (475–221 BCE).
  • Hóng (红) – “wofiira”, kusonyeza gulu la tii molingana ndi maonekedwe a mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya ku China.
  • Jīn (金) – “golide, wagolide”. Amalongosola mtundu wa timaso ta golide (masamba ang’onoang’ono a tii), tomwe timakhala tokhuthala pamwamba pa masamba opindidwa.
  • Luó (螺) – “nkhono, spiral”. Amalongosola maonekedwe a kupindika, pamene masamba amakulungidwa mozama ngati spiral, zofanana ndi zipolopolo za nkhono.

• Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe: Diānhóng Jīn Luó ali ndi malo apadera pakati pa tii wofiira wa ku Yunnan monga chitsanzo cha kusakaniza kukongola kwa maonekedwe ndi kukoma kokwanira. Ma spiral a golide nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati mphatso yamtengo wapatali ya tii ndi chizindikiro cha luso la tii la ku Yunnan. Padongosolo la Diānhóng, Jīn Luó ali pakati pa Gōngfu (工夫) wopezeka mosavuta ndi a Jīn Yá (金芽, “masamba a golide”) apamwamba kwambiri, kupereka kukoma kowoneka bwino m’magulu apakati ndi apamwamba amtengo.

3. Kafotokozedwe ka Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu waukulu ndi Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng, “mtundu wa masamba aakulu a Yunnan”), wa Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Uwu ndi gulu la mitundu ya masamba aakulu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

  • Masamba aakulu a kutalika kwa 12–20 cm, m’lifupi 4–6 cm, okhuthala komanso onenepa.
  • Mlingo wokwera wa polyphenol (mpaka 30–38% m’masamba atsopano) ndi zotulutsa (kupitirira 40%), zomwe zimapereka kukoma kokwanira ndi mtundu wowala wa madzi.
  • Timaso tambiri tofewa (毫, háo) pamasamba ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono, omwe pothiridwa amakhala ndi mtundu wa golide.

  Popanga, amagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu yosankhidwa ya clones, monga Fengqing No. 7 (凤庆7号), Fengqing No. 9 (凤庆9号), Yunkang No. 10 (云抗10号).

• Kukolola: Kukolola kumachitika makamaka m’masika (March–April), pamene masamba amakhala ndi amino acid ndi zonunkhira zambiri. Kukolola kwa chilimwe ndi kudzinja kumachitikanso, koma kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi kwa masika ponena za kukoma ndi kununkhira.

• Mulingo wokolola: Pa magulu apamwamba – masamba okhaokha (单芽, dānyá) kapena phata limodzi (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè). Pa Jīn Luó wamba – phata limodzi ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri aang’ono (一芽一叶, 一芽二叶). Pamafunika masamba ofanana, atsopano, ndi osawonongeka.

• Zofunika pa zipangizo: Timaso tambiri ta golide pa masamba ndi kofunika kwambiri – ndi timene timapanga chizindikiro cha Jīn Luó. Zipangizo ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, zonyowa, zokololedwa m’mawa pambuyo poti mame wauma.

4. Malo Obzalidwamo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulimidwa:

• Chigawo cha Yunnan chili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, pamalire a phiri la Yunnan-Guizhou ndi mapiri a Himalaya, kumalire ndi Myanmar, Laos ndi Vietnam. Derali limadziwika kuti ndi limodzi mwa malo oyambira mtengo wa tii Camellia sinensis, ndipo muno mumamera mitengo yakuthengo yakale kwambiri.
• Kutalika kwa malo: Minda ya tii yopangira Jīn Luó ili pamtunda wa 1000 mpaka 2000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yapamtunda (yopitirira 1500 m) imapereka zipangizo zonunkhira bwino komanso zotsekemera kwambiri.
• Dothi: Nthawi zambiri amapezeka dothi lofiira la lateritic (红壤, hóng rǎng) ndi lachikasu (黄壤, huáng rǎng) la pH ya asidi (pH 4.5–5.5), lolemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, chitsulo ndi mchere. Dongosolo lakuya lachonde limathandiza mizu kukula mwamphamvu.
• Nyengo: Subtopiki la monsoon lokhala ndi zigawo za m’mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 15–22°C. Mvula yapachaka ndi 1200–1800 mm. M’derali mumakhala chinyezi chambiri (75–85%), chifunga cha m’mawa pafupipafupi komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku (10–15°C). Mkhalidwe umenewu umachedwetsa kukula kwa mphukira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti masamba atenge zonunkhira, amino acid ndi shuga zambiri.

5. Njira Yopangira:

Kupanga Diānhóng Jīn Luó kumatsatira njira yachikale ya tii wofiira ndikuwonjezera siteji yeniyeni ya kuwumba ma spiral, yotengedwa ku njira ya Bi Luó Chūn.

• Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kukolola pamanja kwa masamba ndi masamba aang’ono m’mawa.
• Kufowetsa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono pa mathaleti a nsungwi m’chipinda chopumira mpweya wabwino kapena padzuwa lofewa. Nthawi yake ndi maola 12–18. Cholinga ndi kuchotsa 30–40% ya chinyezi (kutsala ndi 60–65%), kuti masamba akhale ofewa komanso oswekasweka, ndikuyambitsa kusintha kwa biochemical: kuyambitsa ntchito ya ma enzyme ndi kuwonongeka koyamba kwa ma membrane a maselo.
• Kukulunga ndi kuwumba ma spiral (揉捻 + 揉团显毫, róuniǎn + róutuán xiǎnháo): Iyi ndi siteji yofunika kwambiri yomwe imasiyanitsa Jīn Luó ndi Diānhóng ena. Masamba ofowetsedwa amakulungidwa bwino poyamba kuti awononge maselo ndikutulutsa madzi. Kenako amatsatira njira ya “揉团显毫” – masamba amakulungidwa m’timagulu tonyowa ndi kupukutidwa mozungulira, kupanga ma spiral olimbika ndi kuonetsa timaso ta golide pamwamba. Njira imeneyi, yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Bi Luó Chūn, imafuna luso lalikulu ndikuwongolera mphamvu.
• Kufufumitsa (发酵, fājiào): Ma spiral okulungidwa amayalidwa mosanjikiza 8–12 cm m’chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa bwino (22–28°C) ndi chinyezi chambiri (90–95%). Kufufumitsa kwathunthu kumatenga maola 3–5, pomwe ma catechins amasanduka theaflavins ndi thearubigins, ndikupanga mtundu wofiira-wofiirira komanso fungo la uchi ndi malt. Katswiri amazindikira kutha kwa kufufumitsa poyang’ana mtundu wa masamba ndi mphamvu ya fungo.
• Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Amachitika m’magawo awiri: kuumitsa koyamba pa 100–110°C kuti aletse kufufumitsa, kenako kuumitsa komaliza pa 80–90°C mpaka chinyezi chotsalira cha 5–6%. Dongosolo la magawo awiri limathandizira kusunga fungo ndi kupewa kuumitsa mopitirira muyeso.
• Kusanja (分级, fēnjí): Tii womalizidwa amagawidwa molingana ndi kukula, maonekedwe, kukhazikika kwa ma spiral ndi kuchuluka kwa timaso ta golide. Masamba osweka ndi zinthu zina amachotsedwa.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba okulungidwa molimba ngati spiral, ooneka ngati tinkhono tating’ono kapena makoma. Thupi la tii ndi lolimba, lolemera (身骨重实, shēngǔ zhòng shí). Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira woderapo mpaka wakuda, wokhala ndi madontho ambiri a golide ndi a bulauni kuchokera ku timaso ta golide, tokhala ndi timaso tambiri.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Ndi fungo lokhuthala, lolemera, lotsekemera. Zokometsera zazikulu ndi uchi ndi malt, zothandizidwa ndi zipatso zouma (ma prunes, ma apricots, mphesa zouma), chokoleti ndi caramel. Palinso maluwa osiyanasiyana komanso zokometsera zopepuka. Fungo limakhala lokhalitsa komanso lodziwika bwino.
• Fungo la madzi: Ndi lowala, lotsekemera. Zokometsera zazikulu za uchi ndi zipatso ndi zokomedwa ndi kakao, shuga ya caramelized ndi maluwa akutchire. Madzi akazizira, amatulutsa fungo lofanana ndi mkate wophikidwa komanso mtedza.
• Kukoma: Kwathunthu, kosalala, kozungulira, kotsekemera kwachilengedwe komanso thupi lofewa, losasokoneza. Zokometsera za uchi ndi malt zimasakanikirana ndi zipatso zouma, chokoleti cha mkaka ndi caramel. Kuwawa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Zowawa kulibe. Kukoma kotsalira m’kamwa (回甘, huígān) kumakhala kwa nthawi yayitali, kotsekemera ngati uchi komanso kopepuka pang’ono.
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wowala, woyera, kuyambira amber-walalanje mpaka wofiira-amber woderapo. Wonekera bwino, wokhala ndi mphete yowala ya golide (金圈, jīnquān) m’mphepete mwa kapu – chizindikiro cha theaflavins zambiri.
• Madzi a tii (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, osalala, otseguka mokwanira kuchokera ku ma spiral. Mtundu ndi wofiira ngati mkuwa, wofanana, ndi timaso ta golide towoneka bwino. Masamba ndi osalala, amoyo.

7. Zomwe Zili M’tii:

• Polyphenols (茶多酚, cháduōfēn): M’masamba atsopano amtundu wa masamba aakulu a Yunnan, mlingo wa polyphenols ndi 30–38%. Pakufufumitsa kwathunthu, ma catechins amasanduka theaflavins (茶黄素, cháhuángsù, 0.5–1.5% ya kulemera kwa yowuma) – zomwe zimapangitsa madzi kukhala owala, “mphete ya golide” ndi kukoma kopepuka kochokera ku theaflavins, komanso thearubigins (茶红素, cháhóngsù, 8–12%) – zomwe zimapangitsa kukoma kukhala kokhuthala, kwathunthu ndi mtundu wakuda.
• Amino acids: Okwana 2–3% ya kulemera kwa yowuma. L-theanine (L-茶氨酸) ndiyo yayikulu ndipo imachititsa kutsekemera, kukoma kwa “umami” komanso khofi wopumula akaphatikizana ndi caffeine.
• Alkaloids: Caffeine (咖啡碱) – 3–4% ya kulemera kwa yowuma (pafupifupi 40–60 mg pa kapu ya 150 ml), theobromine, theophylline. Zimapereka mphamvu zopepuka komanso zokhalitsa.
• Mafuta ofunikira ndi mankhwala onunkhira: Oposa 400 omwe adziwika, kuphatikiza linalool, geraniol, nerol, cis-jasmone, β-ionone, furfural, maltol. Maltol ndi furfural ndi omwe amapanga fungo lodziwika bwino la malt ndi caramel la Diānhóng.
• Mavitamini: C (amawonongeka pang’ono pakufufumitsa), B₁, B₂, B₆, PP, E, K.
• Mchere: Potaziyamu, magnesiamu, manganese, fluoride, zinc, chitsulo, selenium. Dothi la Yunnan ndi lolemera kwambiri selenium.
• Shuga ndi pectins: Shuga osungunuka ndi ma pectins amapangitsa madzi kukhala ofewa komanso okhuthala.

8. Ubwino Wake:

• Kupatsa mphamvu mofewa: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu za nthawi yayitali popanda kukwera kapena kutsika mwadzidzidzi, kumathandizira kukhazikika ndi magwiridwe a ubongo.
• Kuthandiza kutentha: M’mankhwala achikhalidwe cha China, tii wofiira amatengedwa ngati “wotentha” (温性, wēnxìng), amathandizira kuzungulira kwa magazi ndipo ndi wothandiza makamaka m’nyengo yozizira.
• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant, kuteteza ma cell ku kupsinjika kwa oxidative.
• Kuthandizira chakudya: Amalimbikitsa kutulutsa madzi a m’mimba, amawongolera kayendedwe ka chakudya, komanso amathandizira kugaya chakudya chamafuta.
• Kuthandiza mtima: Kumwa tii wofiira pafupipafupi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa LDL-cholesterol ndi kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha. Theaflavins amatha kuletsa kupanga cholesterol.
• Kuchepetsa kutupa: Polyphenols a tii wofiira amatha kuchepetsa kutupa, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pazochitika zosatha.
• Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Catechins ndi zotumphukira zake zimalimbitsa kukana kwa thupi ku matenda a mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.
• Kuchepetsa nkhawa: L-theanine imathandizira kupanga mafunde a alpha muubongo, kupereka mkhalidwe wabata wokhazikika.

9. Kupanga Tii:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–95°C. Pa Jīn Luó wa timaso tambiri (wokhala ndi timaso tambiri) amalimbikitsidwa 85–90°C, pa wamba – 90–95°C. Madzi otentha kwambiri amatha kuchulukitsa kuwawa.
• Kuchuluka kwa tii: 4–5 g pa 150 ml ya madzi (njira ya gongfu); 3 g pa 200 ml (njira ya ku Ulaya).
• Zida: Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ya porcelain ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza kutulutsa fungo ndi kuwongolera mokwanira kutulutsa kukoma. Ketulo ya zisha ya dongo lofiirira (紫砂壶, zǐshā hú) ndiyonso yoyenera – dongo limachepetsa kukoma ndi kuwonjezera kuzungulira. Ketulo yagalasi imathandiza kuona “kuvina” kokongola kwa ma spiral akutseguka.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Kutenthetsa zida: Thirani madzi otentha mu gaiwan ndi chahai (茶海, cháhǎi) kuti zitenthe mofanana.
  2. Kuika tii: Ikani ma spiral owuma mu gaiwan yotentha. Mpweheni fungo la tii wouma wotenthedwa.
  3. Kutsuka (醒茶, xǐngchá): Thirani madzi otentha ndikuthira pakatha masekondi 3–5. Izi “zimadzutsa” ma spiral okulungidwa molimba ndikutsuka fumbi.
  4. Kuthira koyamba: Lekani kwa masekondi 10–15 (njira ya gongfu). Thirani madzi onse mu chahai, kenako m’makapu.
  5. Kuthira kopitirira: Kachiwiri ndi kachitatu – masekondi 10–15; kenako onjezerani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10 pa kuthira kulikonse.
  6. Kuchuluka kwa kutsegula: Jīn Luó wabwino amatha kuthiridwa maulendo 6–8, kutulutsa zokometsera zatsopano. Kuthira koyamba kumapereka kukoma komanso kutsekemera, kwapakati – kuzama ndi kukwanira, komaliza – kutsekemera kofewa ndi fungo la nkhuni.

10. Kusungidwa:

Diānhóng Jīn Luó ndi tii wofufumitsidwa mokwanira wokhala ndi mankhwala okhazikika, osafuna kusungidwa mwapadera.

• Chidebe: Chotsekedwa bwino chosawonekera – chidebe chachitsulo, cha ceramic kapena cha porcelain chokhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba. Kutha kusungidwa m’paketi yake yopangira vacuum.
• Mkhalidwe: Malo owuma, ozizira (15–25°C), amdima, kutali ndi kutentha ndi fungo lamphamvu. Chinyezi chosapitirira 60%.
• Adani a tii: Chinyezi, kuwala kwadzuwa, fungo lina (zonunkhira, mafuta onunkhirira, mankhwala apakhomo).
• Nthawi yosungira: Ndiyabwino kwa miyezi 18–24. Mosiyana ndi tii wobiriwira, tii wofiira safunika kusungidwa m’firiji. Ngati atasungidwa bwino, kukoma kumatha kukhala kofewa pang’ono ndi kozungulira m’miyezi 6–12 yoyamba, koma kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali sikupititsa patsogolo khalidwe lake.

11. Mtengo ndi Zofanizira:

Diānhóng Jīn Luó ali pamalo apakati ndi apamwamba pamtengo pakati pa tii wofiira wa ku Yunnan. Mtengo wake umadalira: nyengo ya kukolola (masika – okwera mtengo), mulingo wa zipangizo (kuchuluka kwa timaso ta golide), chiyambi (Fengqing – premium), mbiri ya wopanga.

• Jīn Luó wapamwamba wa masika wochokera ku Fengqing wokhala ndi timaso tambiri ta golide amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa matumba a chilimwe ndi kudzinja ochokera kumadera ena.
• Jīn Luó wopangidwa ndi masamba okhaokha amayandikira mtengo wa Jīn Yá (masamba a golide).

Momwe mungapewere zofanizira:

• Kugula kwa ogulitsa odalirika: Malo ogulitsira tii apadera omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chomveka chokhudza chiyambi ndi zokolola.
• Kuyang’ana maonekedwe: Ma spiral ayenera kukhala olimba, ofanana, okhala ndi timaso tambiri ta golide. Kupindikira kosayanana, mtundu wonyezimira kwambiri wa golide wochita “acid” ndi chizindikiro chogwiritsa ntchito utoto.
• Kuyesa ndi madzi ozizira: Mukathira madzi ozizira, tii weniweni amatulutsa mtundu pang’onopang’ono komanso mofewa; ngati madzi asanduka ofiira mwamsanga, nthawi zina utoto ukhoza kuwonjezedwa.
• Kuyang’ana fungo: Jīn Luó weniweni amakhala ndi fungo lakuya, la magawo angapo la uchi ndi malt. Fungo limodzi lokha la “caramel” lopanda kusintha lingasonyeze zipangizo zotsika mtengo.
• Kuyang’ana madzi: Madzi ayenera kukhala owonekera, okhala ndi mphete ya golide yowala. Kuphipa, matalala, kukoma kosakhwima ndi zizindikiro za chinyengo kapena kusungidwa molakwika.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Njira yochokera ku Jiangsu kubwera ku Yunnan: Kupindika kwa ma spiral a Jīn Luó kunatengedwa ku kupanga tii wobiriwira wa Bi Luó Chūn (碧螺春) wa ku Jiangsu. Kuyambitsa njira imeneyi m’madera ena ndi chitsanzo chosowa cha kusinthidwa bwino: njira yosamalitsa yokulungira masamba aang’ono a ku Jiangsu inasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mphukira zazikulu, zonenepa za ku Yunnan.
• “Kuvina kwa spiral”: Popakira m’ketulo yagalasi, ma spiral amatseguka pang’onopang’ono m’madzi otentha, kupanga mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi ofanana ndi kuvina pansi pa madzi. Izi zimapangitsa Jīn Luó kukhala imodzi mwa tii “owoneka bwino” pa mwambo wa tii.
• Kulemera kwakukulu: Chifukwa chokulungidwa molimba, Jīn Luó amakhala wolemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya Diānhóng. Dzanja limodzi la ma spiral owuma limakhala lolemera kwambiri kuposa voliyumu yofanana ya Gōngfu kapena Sōngzhēn.
• Mnzanu wapadera: Kukoma kofewa, kosakula kwa Jīn Luó kumamupangitsa kukhala mmodzi mwa tii wochepa wofiira wa ku China amene amayenerana bwino ndi zokometsera (chokoleti, buledi) komanso mkaka – khalidwe losowa pa tii wa Camellia sinensis var. assamica.
• Chizindikiro cha khalidwe – “mphete ya golide”: Popakira bwino mu kapu yoyera ya porcelain, pamwamba pa madzi pafupi ndi makoma pamaonekera mphete yowala ya lalanje (金圈). Kuwala kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa theaflavins ndipo kumatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chodalirika cha khalidwe.

13. Kufanizira ndi Diānhóng Ena:

• Diānhóng Jīnzhēn / Jīnyá (滇红金针/金芽, Diānhóng Jīnzhēn/Jīnyá, “Zingano za Golide / Masamba a Golide”): Amapangidwa makamaka ndi masamba okhaokha. Maonekedwe ake ndi zingano zowongoka kapena tinsonga topindika pang’ono (mosiyana ndi ma spiral a Jīn Luó). Kukoma kwake ndi kopepuka, kosalala, ndi zokometsera za maluwa ndi uchi. Mulingo ndi mtengo nthawi zambiri ndi wapamwamba kuposa Jīn Luó.
• Diānhóng Sōngzhēn (滇红松针, Diānhóng Sōngzhēn, “Chingano cha Paini”): Zipangizo zake ndi phata limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi. Maonekedwe ake ndi masamba atali owongoka, ofanana ndi chingano cha paini. Kukoma kwake ndi kowonjezereka, “kodzaza” poyerekeza ndi Jīnyá chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa tsamba, koma kopanda kukhazikika kwa spiral ya Jīn Luó. Amapezeka pamtengo wotsika.
• Diānhóng Gōngfu (滇红工夫, Diānhóng Gōngfu): Diānhóng “wamba” wokhala ndi zipangizo zakulira (mpaka phata limodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu). Maonekedwe ake ndi akupindika kwachikale komwe. Kukoma kwake ndi kwamphamvu, ndi zokometsera za malt ndi zonunkhira za chokoleti. Amakhala ndi kuwawa kochulukirapo. Ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri pamagulu onse.
• Gǔshù Diānhóng (古树滇红, Gǔshù Diānhóng, “Tii Wofiira wa Mitengo Yakale”): Amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zochokera kumitengo yakale ndi yakutchire. Maonekedwe ake sakhala ochititsa chidwi (masamba a mtundu wakuda, osiyana kukula), koma amakhala ndi kuzama kwapadera, kukoma kwakuthengo “kwamapiri” komanso kukhalitsa kwa kuthiridwa. Mtengo wake umasiyana pakati pa wapakatikati mpaka wokwera, kutengera zaka za mitengo.

Pomaliza:

Diānhóng Jīn Luó ndi tii womwe mphamvu ya masamba aakulu a ku Yunnan imakutidwa ndi maonekedwe a spiral owoneka bwino, obadwa mwaluso la miyambo ya ku Jiangsu. Spiral iliyonse ya golide imakhala ndi kutentha kwadzuwa kotentha, kuzizira kwa chifunga chamapiri, ndi kuwolowa manja kwa dothi lofiira la Yunnan. Madzi a Jīn Luó amapereka mtundu wakuya wa amber, fungo la uchi ndi zipatso lotsekemera, ndi kukoma kosalala, kotsekemera kopanda chowawa – kuphatikiza kosowa kwa mphamvu ndi kufewa. Tiyi uyu ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene amayamikira kukongola kwa maonekedwe a mwambo wa tii, akufuna tii wofiira wofewa komanso wokoma wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena akufuna kupanga mphatso yaiwalika. Jīn Luó ndi wabwino chimodzimodzi pa chakumwa cham’mawa payekha kapena pa msonkhano wa abwenzi ndi gaiwan.