Dian Hong Gong Fu · new.thetea.app

Dian Hong Gong Fu (滇红工夫, Diānhóng gōngfū) ndi mtsògòlèrì wà ulimi wà tiyi wofiira wa Yunnan, komanso ndi umodzi mwa tiyi wofiira odziwika kwambiri ku China. Anabadwa mu 1938, atapangidwa ndi ‘bambo wa dianhong,’ Feng Shaoqiu, kuchokera ku masamba aakulu a Yunnan, potsata njira ya Qimen, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadabwitsa dziko lonse: ‘Nthenga za golide ponseponse, kuthira kofiira, kowala, kozama — chotere sichinaonekepo pakati pa tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang’ono a China,’ analemba Feng Shaoqiu mu “Zolemba pa Mbiri ya Dian Hong.” Dian Hong Gong Fu amaphatikiza mphamvu za terroir ya Yunnan ndi ukadaulo wopangira ndi manja, ndipo amakhalabe umodzi mwa zokometsera zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi la tiyi wofiira.

1. Kùgàwa ndi Chìyàmbì:

M̀tùndù: Tiyi Wofiira (红茶, hóngchá), wokolezedwa kwathunthu. Mwa m’gulu la Kumadzulo, ndi tiyi wakuda. Ili m’gulu la gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá) — “tiyi wofiira wopangidwa mwaluso.”
Gùlù: Tiyi Wofiira Wodziwika wa China (中国名茶). Adalandira udindo wa “Tiyi Wodziwika wa Dziko” (全国名茶) mu 1986. Mendulo ya Siliva ya Boma pa Ubwino (1986). Mendulo ya Golide Yapadziko Lonse pa Ubwino (Madrid, 1985).
Chìyàmbì: China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Likulu la mbiri yakale la kupanga — boma la Fengqing (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn), mzinda wa Lincang (临沧市, Líncāng Shì). Dera lalikulu limaphatikizapo madera a Baoshan (保山), Pu’er (普洱, kale Simao), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), Dehong (德宏), Honghe (红河), Wenshan (文山). Dianhong apamwamba kwambiri amachokera ku Fengqing ndi Lincang.
Màló ògwìrìzànà: Boma la Fengqing — pafupifupi 24°35′ N, 99°55′ E.
Màyìnà énà: Dianhong (滇红, Diānhóng) — chidule; “Yunhong” (云红, Yúnhóng) — dzina loyamba lomwe Feng Shaoqiu adapereka, koma linasinthidwa kukhala “Dianhong” ndi kampani ya tiyi ya boma ya chigawo mu 1939.

2. Mbìrì ndi Kùfùnìkà kwà Chìkwàmbì:

Mbìrì: Ngakhale Yunnan ndi dera lakale kwambiri la tiyi padziko lonse (malo obadwira mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire ndi pu’er), mbiri ya tiyi wofiira m’derali sinapitirire zaka 90. Kubadwa kwa Dian Hong ndi zotsatira zenizeni za nkhondo. Pambuyo poti Japan inaukira China mu 1937 (事变, “Nkhondo ya pa Mlatho wa Marco Polo”), malo achikhalidwe otumizira kunja tiyi wofiira — Fujian (minhong), Anhui (qihong) — anakhala m’dera la nkhondo kapena olandidwa. Kuti pitirize kutumiza kunja, kofunika kwambiri pogula zida zankhondo, China Tea Company (中国茶叶公司) inatumiza katswiri ku Yunnan — Zheng Hechun (郑鹤春) ndi katswiri wa ukadaulo Feng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, 1900–1987), yemwe kale ankagwira ntchito ku mafakitole a Qimen. Mu November 1938, Feng Shaoqiu anafika ku boma la Shunning (顺宁, lero Fengqing) ndipo, modabwa, anapeza kuti mu November matsamba a tiyi akadali ndi mphukira zatsopano — nyengo ya Yunnan inalola kutolera tiyi ngakhale m’nyengo yozizira. Nthawi yomweyo anatola makilogalamu opitirira 5 a masamba atsopano ndipo mwamanja anapanga magalamu 500 aliwonse a tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira. Zotsatira zake zinamudabwitsa: “Tiyi wofiira — wonse mu nthenga za golide, kuthira kofiira, kowala, kozama, pansi pa masamba — lalanje lofiira, lowala, fungo lonunkhira bwino — chotere sichinaonekepo pakati pa tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang’ono a dziko.” Zitsanzo zinatumizidwa kudzera ku Hong Kong kumsika wapadziko lonse; kuunika kunali kosangalatsa. Mu March 1939, Feng Shaoqiu anakhazikitsa Shunning Experimental Tea Factory (顺宁实验茶厂) — kholo la lero la Yunnan Dianhong Group (云南滇红集团). Gawo loyamba lotumiza kunja — pafupifupi matani 16.7 — linatumizidwa kudzera ku Hong Kong kupita ku London ndipo linagulitsidwa pa mtengo wapamwamba wa 800 pence pa paundi, kulandira chiuniko chakuti “woposa tiyi wofiira onse a China.” Dianhong adakhala “tiyi wa kukana kwa anti-Japan” (抗战茶) — ndalama zochokera kutumiza kwake kunja zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zida zankhondo.
Ulemelero pambuyo pa nkhondo: Mu zaka za m’ma 1950, Dianhong adatumizidwa ku USSR — “tani limodzi la Dianhong limasinthidwa ndi matani khumi achitsulo.” Mu 1957, Dian Hong Gong Fu adatenga malo oyamba pa kuunika kopanda dzina ku Beijing. Mu 1958, gawo loyamba la Dianhong Teji Gongfu (滇红特级工夫) linapangidwa — linagulitsidwa ku London pa 500 pence pa paundi, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri yapadziko lonse ya mtengo wa tiyi wofiira. Kuyambira 1959, Dianhong Teji adasankhidwa kukhala tiyi wa mwambo wa boma (外事礼茶) — chaka chilichonse amapangidwa magawo ochepa a State Council ya China. Mu 1986, “Golden Buds” (金芽茶) zochokera ku Fengqing zidaperekedwa ngati mphatso ya boma kwa Mfumukazi ya Great Britain Elizabeth II, yemwe, malinga ndi nthano, adaika tiyi m’chotengera chagalasi ngati chinthu chosonkhanitsidwa.
Dzina:
- “Dian” (滇) — dzina lakale la Yunnan, lochokera ku ufumu wa Dian (滇国, zaka za m’ma 4–1 BCE) ndi Nyanja ya Dianchi (滇池) pafupi ndi Kunming. Feng Shaoqiu poyambirira adatchula tiyi “Yunhong” (云红, “Yunnan wofiira”), koma kampani ya tiyi ya boma ya chigawo inasintha kukhala “Dianhong” — “tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Dian” — mwa ndakatulo komanso mokometsera mawu.
- “Gongfu” (工夫) — “ntchito yaluso,” “ntchito ndi luso.” Ikuwonetsa kukhala m’gulu la gongfu hongcha — tiyi wofiira wopangidwa motsatira ukadaulo wa njira zovuta komanso zotsatizana zosiyanasiyana (mosiyana ndi CTC).
Kùfùnìkà kwà Chìkwàmbì: Dian Hong ndi tiyi wokonda dziko lake, wobadwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ndipo adakhala umodzi mwa miyala yoyang’anira chuma chotumiza kunja cha China. Iwo anabwezera Yunnan — kholo la tiyi wonse padziko lapansi — malo ake oyenera pa mapu a ulimi wa tiyi wofiira wapadziko lonse, womwe kale unali wolamulidwa ndi Fujian ndi Anhui. Lero Dian Hong Gong Fu ndi chizindikiro cha Lincang ndi Fengqing, chinthu chosungiramo zinthu zakale (Fengqing Tea Factory Museum yalembedwa m’ndandanda wa National Monuments of Industrial Heritage of China, 2019) komanso mwambo wamoyo, womwe ukupitiriza kusinthika.

3. Kùfòtòkòzà kwà Zòmèrà ndi Zòpàngìrà:

M̀tùndù / Kùlìtìvà: Mtundu wa masamba aakulu a Yunnan — Camellia sinensis var. assamica (大叶种, dàyè zhǒng). Kulitivala kwakukulu: Fengqing Daye (凤庆大叶), Mengku Daye (勐库大叶), Fengqing Changye Bai Hao (凤庆长叶白毫) ndi mitundu ya m’deralo yochokera ku mbewu. Mitundu ya masamba aakulu imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols a tiyi (30–35% mu masamba atsopano — ochuluka kuposa a mitundu ya masamba aang’ono ya sinensis), zomwe zimapereka kukhuta, kuchuluka ndi “thupi” la kuthira. Kuchuluka kwa ma catechins ndi caffeine kulinso pamwamba pa avereji.
Kùtòlà: Yunnan ndi chigawo chokha ku China momwe tiyi angathe kutoleredwa chaka chonse. Kutola m’nyengo ya masika (March–May) kumapereka zopangira zabwino kwambiri; kutola m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja — magiredi otsika mtengo. Kwa Dianhong Teji Gongfu — mphukira zoyamba zokha za m’nyengo ya masika.
M̀tùndù wà kùtòlà: Kamphukira kamodzi ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri (一芽一二叶) kwa magiredi apamwamba; kamphukira kamodzi ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu — kwa magiredi wamba. Mphukira — zazikulu, zofewa, zokutidwa ndi nthenga zambiri za golide (金毫, jīn háo).
Zòfùnìkà pà zòpàngìrà: Masamba athunthu, atsopano opanda kuwonongeka kwa makina. Kuchedwa kochepa kwambiri pakati pa kutola ndi kuyamba kukonza.

4. Tèrròir ndi Zàkùlìmìkìrà Mwapàdèrà:

Yunnan — kòlò là tiyi: Yunnan ndi malo oyambira a chilengedwe a mtundu wa Camellia. Kuno kumamera mitengo yakale kwambiri ya tiyi yakutchire yokhala ndi zaka mpaka 3,200 (树龄 “Jinxiu Chawangxing”, 锦绣茶王树, Fengqing). Chigawochi chili pamalo oyamba ku China pa kukula kwa minda ya tiyi.
Boma la Fengqing: Lili kumadzulo kwa Yunnan, m’chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Lancang (Mekong). Malo — mapiri, zigwa zakuya za mitsinje, malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Chophimba cha nkhalango — pafupifupi 65%.
Ùtàlì wà kùmèrà: 1000–2200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Dera loyenera kwa Gongfu — 1200–1800 m.
Ǹyèngò: Nyengo ya sub-tropical monsoon, yofewetsedwa ndi utali. Kutentha kwapachaka pafupifupi ~16–17°C. Mvula — 1200–1700 mm/chaka. Nthawi yopanda chipale chofewa — masiku opitirira 300. Maola a dzuwa — pafupifupi 2000 pachaka. Kuphatikiza kwa kutentha, chinyezi ndi nyengo yozizira yofewa kumapangitsa kukula mwachangu komanso kumera chaka chonse.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira za laterite ndi redzemic (红壤), acidic (pH 4.5–5.5), zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu. Danga lakuya lachonde. Zoyenera kwa mitundu ya masamba aakulu.

5. Ùkàdàùlò wà Kùpàngà:

Dian Hong Gongfu amapangidwa motsatira ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi wofiira wa orthodox, wosinthidwa ndi Feng Shaoqiu kuti ugwirizane ndi chikhalidwe cha zopangira za masamba aakulu a Yunnan. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi tiyi wofiira wa Fujian ndi Anhui — kuwira kochuluka (mtundu wa masamba aakulu ndi kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols umafuna okoseleza mozama) komanso kutentha kwamphamvu kwa kuyanika.

Kùtòlà (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Kutola mwamanja ka kamphukira ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri kwa magiredi apamwamba. Makina — kwa magiredi ambiri.
Kùyànìkà (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Mwachilengedwe (panja kapena pansi pa denga) kapena m’nyumba ndi mpweya wotentha. Kutalika — maola 12–18. Kutaya chinyezi — mpaka 60–65%. Masamba amakhala ofewa, osalala.
Kùpòkànà (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Makina (roller) kapena mwamanja. Zopangira za masamba aakulu zimafuna kupanikizidwa mwamphamvu kuposa za masamba aang’ono: makoma a maselo ndi obiriwira, timadzili timatuluka movutikira. Kupokana kumatenga mphindi 60–90.
Kùwìrà / Òkìsèléshànì (发酵 — fājiào): Pa kutentha pafupifupi 25–30°C, chinyezi pafupifupi 90–95%, kwa maola 3–5. Amayang’aniridwa malinga ndi mtundu (kusintha kukhala ofiira ngati mkuwa) ndi fungo (kutuluka kwa zokometsera za zipatso ndi caramel). Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols kumapangitsa kupangika kochuluka kwa theaflavins ndi thearubigins — izi ndizo zomwe zimapatsa Dian Hong kuchuluka kwake kwapadera ndi “thupi.”
Kùyàníkà (烘干 — hōnggān): Ndi mpweya wotentha kapena mu ng’oma pa kutentha pafupifupi 100–120°C. Magawo awiri: “maohuo” (毛火, koyamba) ndi “zuhuo” (足火, komaliza). Chinyezi chotsalira — 5–6%.
Kùkònzà bwìnò (精制 — jīngzhì): Kwa gulu la “Gongfu” — kusanja mosiyanasiyana, kusefa, kuwongola, kuchotsa matsinde, kutenthetsa komaliza. Gawo limeneli la “ntchito yaluso” (工夫) ndilo limapereka dzina ku tiyi.

6. Zòkòndìtsà zà Zònkhù:

Màònèkèdè àkùnjá à màsàmbà òwùmà: Mizere yothina, yopota mwamphamvu, yofanana kukula kwake. Pa magiredi apamwamba — nthenga zambiri za golide (金毫), zokutira pamwamba ponse pa tiyi. Mtundu — kuchokera ku bulauni wakuda mpaka wakuda ngati malasha ndi zodzaza za golide. Kuwala kotuwa. Pa Teji (特级) — “wonse mu golide” (满盘金色黄毫).
Fùngò là màsàmbà òwùmà: Lonunkhira bwino, lokoma, ndi zokometsera za caramel ndi uchi, malt, chokoleti. Zokometsera zofatsa za zokometsera (sinamoni, tsabola wakuda) ndi zipatso (zipatso zouma, ma plums). Ndi lamphamvu komanso “lochuluka” kuposa la tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang’ono.
Fùngò là kùthìrà: Lakuya, lofunda — caramel, uchi, chokoleti, malt. Pa magawo abwino kwambiri — zokometsera za maluwa zokumbutsa duwa lakuthengo. Feng Shaoqiu analifotokoza ndi mawu akuti: “pali fungo la qihong ndi mitundu ya tiyi wa India ndi Ceylon” (既具祁红之香，又具印锡红茶之色).
Kùkòmà: Lokhuthala, lokwanira, “velvet,” ndi “thupi” lodziwika bwino (full-bodied). Zokometsera zazikulu — kutsekemera kwa caramel, malt, chokoleti, zipatso zouma (apricots, ma plums, ma date). Zokometsera zofatsa. Chokometsera chochepa, chosangalatsa, chosasanduka chowawa. “Kubwerera kotsekemera” kodziwika bwino (回甘, huígān). Pambuyo pake kumveka kwautali, kofunda, ndi kutsatira kwa caramel ndi uchi.
M̀tùndù wà kùthìrà: Wofiira kwambiri, wakuya, wodzaza, ndi kachitsidzo ka rubi. Wowonekera. Pa magawo abwino kwambiri — “mphete ya golide” m’mphepete mwa kapu (金圈, jīn quān).
Pànsì pà tiyi (màsàmbà òphìkìdwa): Masamba aakulu, athunthu amtundu wofiira kwambiri (lalanje lofiira), osalala, owala — “ofiira ndi owala” (红艳发光), malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Feng Shaoqiu.

7. Kùpàngìdà kwà Mànkhwàlà:

Mtundu wa masamba aakulu a Yunnan umapatsa Dian Hong imodzi mwazinthu zolemera kwambiri zamankhwala pakati pa tiyi wofiira wapadziko lonse.

Ma Polyphenols (茶多酚): 15–25% ya kulemera kowuma — ochuluka kuposa ambiri a hongcha ya masamba aang’ono. Pa kuwira kwathunthu, kumapangika kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa theaflavins (0.8–2.5%) ndi thearubigins (8–15%), zomwe zimapereka mtundu wodzaza, “thupi” ndi “mphete ya golide.”
Ma Amino Acids (氨基酸): 1.5–3% ya kulemera kowuma. L-theanine ndi chigawo chachikulu. Chiŵerengero cha ma polyphenols ku ma amino acids (chiŵerengero cha phenol-amino, 酚氨比) m’mitundu ya masamba aakulu ndi chapamwamba kuposa cha masamba aang’ono, zomwe zikufotokozera chokometsera chodziwika bwino komanso “mphamvu” ya Dian Hong.
Ma Alkaloids: Caffeine — 3–5% ya kulemera kowuma; mu kapu ~30–70 mg. Theobromine, theophylline.
Ma Vitamini: B₁, B₂, B₃, C (pang’ono), E, K.
Mamineralo: Potaziyamu, kashiamu, maginisiyamu, chitsulo, mangalizi, fluoride, zinki, mkuwa, selenium.
Mafuta Ofunikira (芳香油): Linalool, geraniol, phenylacetaldehyde; zigawo za caramel ndi malt za Maillard reaction.

8. Zòpìndùlà Zàthanzi:

Kulimbikitsa kwamphamvu: Kuchuluka kwa caffeine kumapereka mphamvu yodziwika bwino yotsitsimutsa; L-theanine imachepetsa, kupewa kuda nkhawa.
Zochita za Antioxidant: Theaflavins ndi thearubigins ochuluka — ena mwa antioxidants achilengedwe ogwira mtima kwambiri.
Zochita zotenthetsa: Dian Hong ndi umodzi mwa tiyi wofiira “ofunda” kwambiri mwachilengedwe, wabwino kwambiri m’nyengo yozizira komanso kwa anthu okhala ndi “chimango chozizira” malinga ndi TCM.
Thandizo la chimbudzi: Imalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa ma enzymes a m’mimba, imathandiza pambuyo pa chakudya cholemetsa komanso chamafuta.
Thandizo la dongosolo la mtima: Ma polyphenols amathandizira kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha ndi kuyenda kwa magazi m’mitsempha.
Zochita zoletsa mabakiteriya: Kuchuluka kwa ma polyphenols kumapereka mphamvu yodziwika bwino yoletsa mabakiteriya.
Kuchepetsa kutopa: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine, theanine ndi ma vitamini a gulu B kumathandizira kugwira ntchito komanso kukhala watcheru.

9. Kùwìrà:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–100°C. Dian Hong wa masamba aakulu amalekerera bwino madzi otentha; kwa magiredi a mphukira osalala (Jin Ya, Jin Zhen) — 85–90°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 4–6 g pa 100–120 ml (gongfu); 3–4 g pa 200–250 ml (njira ya ku Europe).
Zotengera: Gaiwan ya porcelain (盖碗) — ndiyobwino kwambiri pakulawa. Ketulo ya Yixing — ndi kusankha kwabwino kwa magiredi okhuthala, okhwima. Zotengera za galasi zimalola kuyamikira mtundu wandiweyani wa kuthira.
Njira:
1. Kutenthetsa zotengera: Tsuka gaiwan, chahai ndi makapu ndi madzi otentha.
2. Kuthira tiyi: 4–6 g mu gaiwan yotentha.
3. Kutsuka (润茶): Kuthira mwachangu kwa masekondi 2–3 — ndikulimbikitsidwa.
4. Kuthira koyamba: Masekondi 8–15.
5. Kuthira: Tsanulirani zonse kuthira.
6. Kuwiritsa mobwerezabwereza: Kuthira 5–8, kuwonjezera nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10. Dian Hong amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino — kuthira koyambirira 3–4 kumakhala kozama kwambiri, kenako tiyi “imatseguka” ndi zokometsera zofewa, zotsekemera.
Chidziwitso: Dian Hong ndi wabwino kwambiri ndi mkaka — kukhuthala kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake kumamulola “kupirira” osataya chikhalidwe. Amayeneranso “masala chai” ndi cold brew.

10. Kùsùngà:

Chotengera: Chotsekedwa bwino, chosawonekera — chitini, paketi ya foil, chotengera cha ceramic.
Mikhalidwe: Malo owuma, ozizira, amdima. 10–25°C, chinyezi mpaka 60%.
Nthawi ya kusungidwa: Miyezi 12–24. Magiredi ena okhuthala (Lao Cong, Gu Shu) amatha “kugona” bwino mpaka zaka zitatu.
Chidziwitso: Firiji siyofunika; tiyi wofiira amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa chipinda.

11. M̀tèngò ndi Zònyèngà:

Mtengo wa Dian Hong Gongfu umadalira giredi: giredi wamba (三级) — 50–150 yuan/500 g; giredi yokhazikika (一二级) — 150–500 yuan; giredi yapamwamba / Teji (特级) — 500–1,500 yuan; magawo a premium (Gu Shu, Ye Sheng) — mpaka 2,000–5,000+ yuan.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Yang’anani chiyambi: Dianhong abwino kwambiri amachokera ku Fengqing ndi Lincang. Zonyenga zotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zopangira za minda ya m’zigwa za Yunnan kapena zigawo zina.
Ikani chidwi ndi nthenga za golide: Pa giredi yeniyeni yapamwamba — nthenga za golide zambiri, zachilengedwe. Nthenga “zopakidwa utoto” mwachinyengo kapena zosakanizidwa — ndi chizindikiro chodetsa nkhawa.
Kukoma kopanda kuwawa: Dian Hong Gongfu wabwino — wokhuthala, koma wopanda kuwawa koopsa. Kuwawa koyipa, “kolemera” — ndi chizindikiro cha zopangira zotsika mtengo kapena zakale.
Kuthira: Kofiira kwambiri, kowonekera, ndi “mphete ya golide.” Kwa matope kapena kwa bulauni wakuda — ndi chizindikiro chakuphwanya ukadaulo.

12. Mfùndù Zòsàngàlàtsà:

“Tiyi wa kukana kwa anti-Japan”: Magawo oyamba a Dian Hong (1939) adathandizira mwachindunji kugula zida zankhondo ku China — ndalama zochokera kutumiza kunja kudzera ku Hong Kong zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira zida zankhondo.
500 pence pa paundi: Mu 1959, Dianhong Teji Gongfu adakhazikitsa mbiri yapadziko lonse ya mtengo wa tiyi wofiira — 500 pence pa paundi pa London Exchange.
“Tani limodzi la Dianhong — matani khumi achitsulo”: Mu zaka za m’ma 1950, Dian Hong adasinthidwa ndi chitsulo cha Soviet pa chiŵerengero chotero, ndikupereka thandizo lofunika kwambiri pakutukula mafakitale a China yatsopano.
Mphatso kwa Mfumukazi: Mu 1986, “Golden Buds” zidaperekedwa kwa Elizabeth II, yemwe, malinga ndi nthano, adaziika m’chotengera chagalasi ngati chionetsero cha zosonkhanitsidwa.
Mtengo wakale kwambiri wa tiyi: Ku Fengqing kumamera “Jinxiu Chawangxing” (锦绣茶王树) — mtengo wa tiyi wakuthengo wokhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 3,200, wakale kwambiri wodziwika padziko lapansi.

13. Mitàndà Yòsìyànà yà Dian Hong:

Banja la Dian Hong ndilalikulu. Mitundu yayikulu:

Dian Hong Gongfu (滇红工夫): Kalembedwe kachikhalidwe — kukonza kwa orthodox, gawo laung’ono lofanana pambuyo pa kukonza bwino. Maziko a kutumiza kunja.
Dian Hong Jin Ya (滇红金芽): “Golden Buds” — mphukira zokha, zokutidwa ndi nthenga zambiri za golide. Giredi yapamwamba, yofewa, yotsekemera.
Dian Hong Jin Zhen (滇红金针): “Golden Needles” — mphukira zopota molunjika, zowoneka ngati singano za golide. Kutsekemera kwakukulu.
Dian Hong Jin Luo (滇红金螺): “Golden Snails” — kupota kozungulira mozungulira. Chokopa maso, zipatso-maluwa.
Dian Hong Song Zhen (滇红松针): “Pine Needles” — kupota kolunjika kochokera ku masamba, kokumbutsa singano za pine.
Dian Hong Da Jin Ya (滇红大金芽): “Large Golden Buds” — kuchokera ku mphukira za tchire lamitengo.
Dian Hong Jin Si (滇红金丝): “Golden Threads” — kupota kochepa kwambiri.
Dian Hong Ye Sheng (滇红野生): Kuchokera ku masamba a mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire. Mphamvu, mbiri “yakutchenje.”
Dian Hong Gu Shu (滇红古树): Kuchokera ku masamba a mitengo yakale (zaka 100+). Kukoma kwakuya, kwa miyala ndi kamvekedwe ka “kuthengo” kodziwika bwino.
Shai Hong (晒红): “Tiyi wofiira wouma ndi dzuwa” — kuyanika osati ndi mpweya wotentha, koma ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Njira yosiyana yokhala ndi kuthekera kosungira.

Pomaliza:

Dian Hong Gongfu ndi mphamvu ndi kuwolowa manja kwa tiyi wa masamba aakulu a Yunnan, zoonetsedwa mu kapu ya kuthira ngati rubi. Wobadwa mu utsi wa nkhondo ndipo adakhala chida chakukana kwachuma, tiyi uyu mwamsanga adatsimikizira kuti terroir ya Yunnan imatha kubala tiyi wofiira wapadziko lonse lapansi — wofanana, ndipo mwanjira ina woposa “opikisana” odziwika bwino ochokera ku Fujian ndi Anhui. Kuchuluka kwake kwadongosolo, kutsekemera kwa caramel, zokometsera za chokoleti ndi malt komanso “mphete ya golide” pakhoma la kapu — ndi chizindikiro chodziwika, chosasanganikirana ndi china. Dian Hong ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe amayamikira kuchuluka, kutentha ndi chikhalidwe: ndiwabwino kwambiri payekha mu gongfu ya m’mawa komanso mu kapu yayikulu ndi mkaka madzulo ozizira a m’nyengo yozizira.