Dāncóng Bái Ruìxiāng · new.thetea.app

Dāncóng Bái Ruìxiāng (白瑞香单丛, dāncóng bái ruìxiāng) ndi mtundu umodzi wa Fènghuáng Dāncóng amene uli wochepa kwambiri, koma wodziwika kwambiri ndi akatswiri a chai. Dzina lake limatanthawuza fungo la maluwa a mtundu wa Daphne (瑞香, ruìxiāng), ndipo khalidwe lake limaphatikiza kununkhira kwa maluwa kokongola ndi kuzama kwa mchere kumene kumachokera ku mapiri a Fènghuáng. Bái Ruìxiāng sili m’gulu la mitundu khumi ya Dāncóng yodziwika bwino, komabe akatswiri a miyambo ya Cháozhōu amawonekera kuti ndi mtundu wapadera ndi wodziyimira pawokha, woyenera kusamalitsidwa kwambiri.

1. Kugawikana ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Wūlóng (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) — tiyi wa theka wofufuma. Mulingo wa kufufuma (okisideishoni) ndi wapakatikati, kawirikawiri 20–40%, zomwe zili zodziwika ndi Dāncóng a ku Guangdong.
Gulu: Wūlóng wa ku Guangdong (广东乌龙, Guǎngdōng wūlóng), gulu laling’ono la Fènghuáng Dāncóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng) — “Mibulu yokhayokha ya Phiri la Nkhanga.” Ndi gulu la mitundu yochepa ya fungo lomwe silili mu gulu la mitundu khumi yaikulu ya xiāng (香型, xiāngtíng).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng shěng), mzinda wa Cháozhōu (潮州市, Cháozhōu shì), dera la mapiri a Fènghuáng Shān (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān) — Mapiri a Nkhanga. Malo aakulu omwe amalimidwa ali m’mudzi wa Fènghuáng (凤凰镇, Fènghuáng zhèn) komanso pamwamba pa phiri la Wūdǒng (乌岽, Wūdǒng).
Malo a Dera: pafupifupi 23°55′ N, 116°40′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe Chake:

Mbiri: Mwambo wa kulima tiyi m’mapiri a Fènghuáng unayambira mu nthawi ya Southern Song (南宋, Nán Sòng, 1127–1279), pamene, malinga ndi nthano, mfumu Zhào Bǐng (赵昺, Zhào Bǐng) akuthawa chipwirikiti cha a Mongol, adalawa tiyi wa komweko pa phiri la Wūdǒng. Kusankhira mitengo yokha ya tiyi ndi fungo lapadera kunayamba m’nthawi ya Míng (明, Míng, 1368–1644), pomwe amisiri anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya “Dān zhū cǎi zhì, dān zhū jiā gōng” (单株采制, 单株加工) — kutola komanso kukonza payekhapayekha kuchokera ku mbulu iliyonse. Ndipo ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe nzeru ya Dāncóng inakhazikika: mtengo uliwonse ndi “umunthu” wapadera wokhala ndi chithunzi chake cha fungo. Bái Ruìxiāng ngati mtundu wapadera wa mbewu unayamba kudziwika m’zaka za m’ma 1900 m’kati mwa kusankhira mozama. Mu 1985, Dāncóng aku Guangdong adalowetsedwa m’gulu la tiyi khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi yabwino kwambiri ku China, ndipo mu 2010, Fènghuáng Dāncóng adalandira udindo wa “Chogulitsa cha National Geographical Indication” (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).
Dzina: “Bái Ruìxiāng” (白瑞香, Bái Ruìxiāng) ndi dzina la zigawo zitatu, ndipo chilembo chilichonse chili ndi tanthauzo lake:
- Bái (白) — “yera”: likutanthawuza mtundu woyera wa masamba a mng’ono wa mbulu iyi, komanso kuyera kwa maluwa a chomera choyimira;
- Ruì (瑞) — “wabwino”, “wamwayi”, “wolonjeza mwayi”: kumapereka kwa dzinalo mtundu wofunira mwayi, mwambo womwe umadziwika m’chikhalidwe cha China;
- Xiāng (香) — “fungo”, “kununkhira”: kukuwonetsa ubwino waukulu wa tiyi — kukhala kwake kokongola ngati mafuta onunkhira. Kuphatikiza kwa “Ruì Xiāng” (瑞香) nthawi yomweyo ndi dzina la mtundu wa zomera Daphne (banja la Thymelaeaceae) —瑞香科 (Ruìxiāng kē). Mtundu wodziwika bwino ndi Daphne odora Thunb. (瑞香, ruìxiāng), womwe umatchedwanso “fungo la ma mailo masauzande” (千里香, qiānlǐ xiāng) kapena “funso logona” (睡香, shuì xiāng). Ichi ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse chokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, losangalala lamaluwa, lomwe limatchedwa kuti “wakuba fungo” (花贼, huā zéi): maluwa oyikidwa pafupi amatha kuyerekezera. Motero, dzina la tiyi limatha kuwerengedwanso ngati “Fungo Loyera Lofunira Mwayi,” ndiponso ngati “Fungo la Daphne Yoyera (Wolcheyagutnik Wankhungu).”
Chikhalidwe: Dāncóng ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Cháozhōu, chomwe chimayang’aniridwa ndi mwambo wa Gōngfū Chá (工夫茶, Gōngfū chá) — ndondomeko yapadera ya Cháozhōu yophikira tiyi, yomwe idalowetsedwa mu Mndandanda Wachiwiri wa Cholowa cha Chikhalidwe Chosakhala Chathupi cha China (2008). Bái Ruìxiāng, chifukwa cha dzina lake lopatsa mwayi, mwamwambo amalingaliridwa ngati mphatso yabwino: chilembo 瑞 chimayimira chisangalalo ndi zizindikiro zabwino. Pakati pa okonda Dāncóng pali mawu akuti: “入门靠蜜兰, 进阶品百香” (rùmén kào Mìlán, jìnjiē pǐn bǎi xiāng) — “kuyambira ndi Mì Lán, ndiye kupitilira kulaŵa fungo zana,” ndipo Bái Ruìxiāng ndi imodzi mwa “fungo zana” zochepa zimene zimawulula kuzama konse kwa dera la Fènghuáng.

3. Kafotokozedwe ka Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

Mtundu / Mbewu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Bái Ruìxiāng ali m’gulu la masamba oyera (白叶类, bái yè lèi) la Fènghuáng Dāncóng, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yambiri ya masamba akuda (乌叶类, wū yè lèi). Mitengo ya masamba oyera, malinga ndi m’gulu wa China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1964), imadziwika ndi mphukira zowala, fungo lamaluwa lochepa ndi kukoma kofewa kwa tiyi womwe wakonzedwa. Mitengo yambiri ya amayi ndi mitengo yakale (老丛, lǎo cóng) ya mtundu wa theka-mitengo (小乔木型, xiǎo qiáomù xíng) kapena chitsamba, ena ali ndi zaka zoposa 100.
Kusonkhanitsa: Nthawi yabwino yotola ndi m’nyengo ya masika, kawirikawiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa April (ngakhale nyengo yamvula ya ‘Gǔyǔ’ isanafike, 谷雨). Ndi mtundu wapakatikati-wochedwa malinga ndi nthawi ya kukula (中芽种, zhōng yá zhǒng).
Muyezo wa kusonkhanitsa: Kuphulika kumene kuli ndi bud ndi masamba 2–3 apamwamba (一芽二三叶, yī yá èr sān yè). Njira ya “kukwera kavalo” (骑马采, qímǎ cǎi) imagwiritsidwa ntchito — kugwira mosamala mphukira pakati pa chala chakumwamba ndi chachikulu ndikumathyola pang’ono. Kutola ndi kwa manja kotheratu.
Zofunikira za zipangizo: Malamulo amwambo a kutola Fènghuáng amatsatiridwa: osatola padzuwa lotentha kwambiri, osatola pamvula, osatola masamba okhala ndi mame (雾水茶不采, wùshuǐ chá bù cǎi). Kutola kwa madzulo (pafupifupi 13:00) kumakonda kuti kukonzedwa kudzachitike usiku, ndipo amati tiyi wokonzedwa “usiku wonse” (过夜, guòyè) amakhala ndi ubwino wapamwamba chifukwa cha kutsika kwa kutentha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chigawo: Mapiri a Fènghuáng (凤凰山) ali kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong ndipo ali pafupi ndi gombe la South China Sea. Dera la tiyi la Fènghuáng ndi limodzi mwa madera akale kwambiri ku China: pano pali mitengo yoposa 4600 ya tiyi yakale ya zaka zoposa 200. Mulingo wa zobiriwira m’derali umafika 96.4%, ndipo nkhalango 85.1%, zomwe zimapereka chilengedwe choyera kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa malo: Minda ya Bái Ruìxiāng ili pamalo okwera kuyambira 800 mpaka 1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Zokolola zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zimachokera kumtunda wa Wūdǒng (乌岽, pafupifupi 1150 m) ndi madera oyandikana nawo apamwamba.
Nthaka: Nthaka za acid (pH 4.5–5.5) zamiyala, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya granite. Zili ndi mchere wambiri, makamaka chitsulo, manganese ndi zinc. Madzi amadutsa bwino chifukwa cha mapiri.
Kutentha: Kutentha kwa mvula ya subtropical ndi zotsatira za mapiri. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka — pafupifupi 20–22°C. Mvula yapachaka — pafupifupi 1800 mm. Pamakhala chifunga pafupipafupi, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumwazikana, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku — mkhalidwe womwewu umachedwetsa kukula kwa mitengo ya tiyi ndi kupangitsa kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zonunkhira, ma amino acid ndi polyphenols m’masamba.
Makhalidwe: Minda yambiri m’malo okwera a Fènghuáng imatsatira mfundo za ulimi wachilengedwe. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo za m’nkhalango ya m’mapiri kumapanga chotchinga chachilengedwe ku tizilombo, kumachepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Kupanga Bái Ruìxiāng ndi njira yakale, koma yovuta kwambiri yokonza Dāncóng wa ku Guangdong, yomwe imatenga mpaka maola 72 mosalekeza. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi gawo lalitali ndi lobwerezabwereza la “kupanga zobiriwira” (做青, zuò qīng), lomwe limatsimikiza mbiri ya fungo la tiyi, komanso kuwotcha kwamakala amwambo (炭焙, tàn bèi), kumene kumapanga kapangidwe ka kukoma pambuyo pake.

Kutola (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Kutola pamanja kwa masamba okhwima, nthawi zambiri madzulo (pafupifupi 13:00). Masamba amaikidwa mosamala m’madengu a nsungwi; kukanikizana sikuloledwa kupewa kutentha msanga ndi kusanduka kofiira.
Kufota padzuwa (晒青 — shài qīng): Masamba otoledwa amayalidwa mosanjikiza pansi pa dzuwa kwa mphindi 40–60. Cholinga ndi kuchotsa madzi oyamba (mpaka 10–15% ya kulemera), kuyambitsa njira zoyamba za enzyme ndi kuwononga pang’ono chlorophyll. Ili ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira popanga fungo lamtsogolo.
Kuzizilitsa / Kukhazikika pa mthunzi (凉青 — liáng qīng): Masamba amatengedwa kupita kuchipinda chozizira chokhala ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa (~25°C) ndi chinyezi (~80%). Amayalidwa mosanjikiza kuti agawane bwino chinyezi pakati pa tsinde ndi tsamba (njira ya ‘kubweza zobiriwira’, 回青, huí qīng).
Kupanga zobiriwira / Kugwedeza ndi kuphwanya (做青 — zuò qīng): Gawo lofunikira kwambiri kwa wūlóng. Limaphatikizapo kusinthana kwa kugwedeza (摇青, yáo qīng) ndi kupuma (静置, jìng zhì). Masamba amaikidwa m’miphika ya nsungwi kapena kusakanizidwa ndi manja: amaponyedwa, kusakanikirana, ndi kugundana mopepuka (碰青, pèng qīng). Kuwonongeka kwa m’mphepete mwa tsamba kumayambitsa njira za okisideishoni, pamene pakati pa tsamba sizikhudzidwa — ndipo ndi momwe chithunzi chakale cha “tsamba lobiriwira lokhala ndi m’mphepete mofiira” (绿叶红镶边, lǜ yè hóng xiāng biān) chimapangidwira. Njira imatenga maola 8–10 ndi mikombero 4–5 ya mphamvu yokulira (kuchokera kofewa kupita ku yolimba). Katswiri amatsatira kusintha kwa fungo: kuchoka ku zitsamba (青草气) → kupita ku kukhala kozizira ndi kubiriwira (青香) → kukhala kwa maluwa (花香) → kukhala kofanana ndi fungo lachilengedwe la mbewuyi. Kwa Bái Ruìxiāng, mphindi yomwe amafuna ndi kuwonekera kwa fungo lochepa, lotsekemera lamaluwa, lofanana ndi daphne.
‘Kupha zobiriwira’ (杀青 — shā qīng): Kutentha mwachangu masamba m’miphika yachitsulo yotentha (woks) pa kutentha ~200°C. Kumathetsa enzyme ndi kuyimitsa okisideishoni pa mulingo wa 20–40%. Kwa Bái Ruìxiāng, katswiri amafuna kuti kufufuma kukhala kochepa, kusunga ubwino wa maluwa popanda kusanduka kununkhira kolemera.
Kupiringa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Masamba amapatsidwa mawonekedwe a Fènghuáng Dāncóng a ku Guangdong: kupindika motalika (mzere) — tiáo suǒ (条索, tiáo suǒ). Kupiringa kumatulutsa madzi a m’zinthu pa pamwamba pa tsamba, kumalemekeza kukoma kwa m’tsogolo.
Kuyanika (烘干 — hōnggān): Kuyanika kwa magawo angapo: koyamba — mpaka chinyezi chochepera 15%, kumaliza komaliza — mpaka ~5%. Kumakhazikitsa mawonekedwe ndi kukonzekera tsamba kuti liwotchedwe.
Kuwotcha kwa makala (炭焙 — tàn bèi): Gawo la mwambo ndi lofunika kwa Dāncóng. Makala a nkhuni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mtengo wa Lyonia ovalifolia kapena longan. Kutentha kwapang’onopang’ono pa kutentha koyendetsedwa kwa maola 6–12 kumapereka kwa tiyi “zolemba zamoto” (火韵, huǒ yùn), kumakhazikitsa fungo ndi kupereka kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali posungira. Mphamvu ya kuwotcha kwa Bái Ruìxiāng, monga lamulo, ndi yopepuka kapena yapakatikati (清香–中火, qīngxiāng – zhōng huǒ), kuti isabise ubwino wachilengedwe wa maluwa.
Kusanja (分级 — fēnjí): Kuchotsa timitengo, masamba owonongeka, ndi zitsinde. Tiyi womaliza amagawa malinga ndi ubwino.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba akuluakulu, opindika motalika (tiáo suǒ) amtundu wofiirira woderapo kapena chokoleti-olive, okhala ndi makwinya akutali. Tsamba lonse, lokulirapo, ndi kuwala ngati mafuta. Poyerekeza ndi Dāncóng a masamba akuda, tsamba louma la Bái Ruìxiāng limatha kukhala ndi mtundu wowala pang’ono.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Lovuta komanso losangalatsa. Kununkhira kwa maluwa kumalamulira, kofanana ndi fungo la daphne (wolcheyagutnik) — lotsekemera ndi zokometsera, lopangidwa ndi ufa pang’ono, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a orchid ndi jasmine. Pamakhala zizindikiro zopepuka za zipatso zophikidwa (peyala, quince), vanila, ndi kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka “moto” kochokera ku kuwotcha.
Fungo la madzi: Lomveka bwino, losanjikidwa ndi kukula kuchokera pakutsanulira ku kutsanulira. M’maphikidwe oyamba, mawonekedwe apamwamba a maluwa amalamulira (daphne, orchid, jasmine yoyera). M’matsanuliro apakatikati, mawonekedwe a zipatso ndi maswiti amawonekera — bisiketi, peyala yophikidwa, uchi wopepuka. M’matsanuliro otsiriza, mawonekedwe amitengo ndi mchere amawonekera.
Kukoma: Kohwima, kodzaza, komanso kosalongosoka bwino. Kulowa ndi kofewa, kotsekemera, kokhala ndi mawonekedwe a uchi ndi maluwa. Pakatikati, kukhuthala kokoma ndi katsitsumwa kozizilitsa kamawonekera. Pambuyo pokoma (回甘, huígān) — ndi kwautali, kotsekemera-kozizira, ndi mawu a uchi ndi maluwa, okwera kuchokera pansi pa pakhosi. Bái Ruìxiāng wapamwamba kwambiri ali ndi “shān yùn” (山韵, shān yùn) yodziwika bwino — “nthano ya m’mapiri” yapadera, kuzama kwa mchere komwe kumasiyanitsa dera lenileni la Fènghuáng.
Mtundu wa madzi: Kuchokera ku golide wopepuka mpaka ku amber wodzaza, kutengera mulingo wa kuwotcha ndi nambala ya kutsanulira. Madzi ndi owonekera, okhala ndi kuwala ngati mafuta.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, osalala, okhala ndi chithunzi chakale: pakati lobiriwira (olive) ndi m’mphepete mwake mofiira-bulauni — chizindikiritso cha okisideishoni yoyendetsedwa. Masamba ndi aakulu, osalala, okhala ndi fungo lomveka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical:

Kapangidwe ka chemical ka Bái Ruìxiāng ndi kofanana ndi Fènghuáng Dāncóng, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwachilendo kwa zinthu zonunkhira.

Polyphenols: Kuchuluka kwa polyphenols a tiyi mu Dāncóng kumafika 22.64–39.12% ya kulemera kwake kouma (zomwe zapezeka ndi China Tea Science Society). Pamene ali ndi: makatekine (EGCG, EGC, ECG — 8.91–17.39%), theaflavins ndi thearubigins (zotuluka mwa okisideishoni pang’ono), flavonoids (8.27–14.05%). Amapereka kukhuthala, ntchito ya antioxidant ndi kapangidwe ka kukoma.
Amino acids: Kuchuluka konse — 1.15–2.96%. Yofunika kwambiri ndi L-theanine (theanine), yomwe imapereka kumva kwa ‘umami’ ndi mpumulo wosinkhasinkha. Mu Dāncóng, amino acids kawirikawiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān wamba, monga kutsimikizidwa ndi kafukufuku wa Huánán Nóngyè Dàxué (华南农业大学).
Alkaloids: Caffeine — 2.35–5.33% ya kulemera kouma, theobromine, theophylline. Amapereka mphamvu yofewa, koma yotalikirapo, yomwe imadziwika ndi wūlóng.
Mafuta ofunikira: Kafukufuku motsogozedwa ndi Profesa Dài Sùxiān (戴素贤) adazindikira mu Dāncóng oposa 104 zinthu zomveka zonunkhira — nambala yopambana kwambiri pakati pa tiyi a China. Zinthu zazikulu: linalool ndi ma oxide ake, geraniol, nerol, farnesol, α- ndi β-farnesene, indole, nerolidol (橙花叔醇). Ndiko kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta ofunikira omwe amatsimikiza fungo lapadera la “daphne” la Bái Ruìxiāng.
Vitamini: Vitamini C, vitamini za gulu B (B₁, B₃).
Mchere: Potaziyamu, kashiamu, maganishiyamu, manganese, zinki, fluoride — zomwe zimachokera ku nthaka za granite za dera lamapiri.
Saponins (a tiyi): Amapereka thovu laling’ono lodziwika bwino pomwazika madzi.
Makhalidwe apadera: Kuchuluka kwa mafuta otuluka (醚浸出物, mí jìnchūwù) — chizindikiro chomwe chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kununkhira kwa tiyi; mu Dāncóng nthawi zonse chimakhala chokulirapo kuposa mu Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:

Kulimbikitsa mphamvu: Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine kumapereka mphamvu yofewa, yotalikirapo popanda kukwera mwadzidzidzi — zotsatira za ‘kukhazikika kozizira’.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Polyphenols ndi flavonoids zimalepheretsa ma free radicals, kuchedwetsa kupsinjika kwa okisideishoni ndi njira za ukalamba wa maselo.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Kumalimbikitsa kuyenda ndi kupanga kwa ma enzyme a chakudya; mwamwambo ku Cháozhōu, Dāncóng amamwa pambuyo pa chakudya cholemera.
Dongosolo la mtima: Kumwa pang’ono kwa wūlóng moyenera kumatha kuthandiza kuyendetsa bwino mlingo wa cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (zomwe zapezeka m’kafukufuku wina m’madera a Guangdong ndi Fujian).
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi: Vitamini C, B₁, B₃ ndi mchere zimathandizira ntchito za chitetezo.
Kuthandiza khungu: Zotsatira za antioxidant ndi zotsutsana ndi kutupa za polyphenols.
Kuchepetsa nkhawa: L-theanine imathandizira kupanga mafunde a alpha mu ubongo, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupumula ndi kukhala bwino.
Kukhazikitsa kagayidwe: Wūlóng amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyambitsa kugaya kwa mafuta, komwe kungakhale kothandiza m’njira yathunthu yoyendetsera kulemera.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Amati madzi ofewa osefedwa amawiritsidwa kamodzi ndiye kuziziritsa mpaka kutentha kofunikira.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 100–150 ml a madzi (m’njira ya gōngfū); 3–4 g pa 200 ml (m’njira ya kapu yaikulu kapena teapot).
Chombo: Gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) wa porcelain kapena ceramic wochepa — ndiye kusankha kwabwino kuti muyamikire fungo ndikuwona bwino kusamba kwa tsamba. Kuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito teapot yadothi ya Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú), yomwe idapangidwa makamaka kwa wūlóng a ku Guangdong, komanso teapot yadothi ya Cháozhōu (潮州朱泥壶, Cháozhōu zhūní hú) — chombo cha mwambo cha Gōngfū Chá.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsani gàiwǎn (kapena teapot) ndi makapu ndi madzi otentha. Tsanulani madzi.
2. Ikani tsamba louma la tiyi m’chotengera chotenthetsedwa. Phimbani kwa masekondi 5–10, kenako tsegulani ndipo yamikirani fungo la tsamba lotenthedwa (闻香, wén xiāng).
3. Sambani tiyi (洗茶, xǐ chá): tsanulani madzi ndi kuwatsanula nthawi yomweyo. Cholinga ndi ‘kudzutsa’ tsamba ndi kuchotsa fumbi lomwe lingakhalepo.
4. Kutsanulira koyamba: tsanulani madzi, siyani kwa masekondi 10–15. Tsanulani madzi mu chahai (公道杯, gōngdào bēi) ndi kuwagawira m’makapu.
5. Kutsanulira kotsatira: onjezani nthawi ndi masekondi 5–10 pachiphika chilichonse.
6. Bái Ruìxiāng wabwino amatha kupirira kutsanulira 7–15 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikuwulula mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi chiphika chilichonse — kuchokera ku maluwa mpaka ku mchere.

10. Kusunga:

Sungira pamalo owuma, ozizira, ndi amdima pa kutentha kosapitilira 25°C ndi chinyezi chochepera 60%.
Gwiritsani ntchito chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, chosawona: mbiya za ceramic, zitini za zitsulo, kapena matumba a vacuum a zojambulazo.
Tetezani ku fungo lachilendo — Dāncóng ali ndi luso lapamwamba loyamwa.
Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.
Kuchereza: Mukasungidwa moyenera komanso kuwotchedwa koyenera, Dāncóng samangosunga ubwino kwa zaka zingapo, koma amathanso kukhala bwino pakapita nthawi. Kuwotchanso pafupipafupi (复焙, fù bèi) kamodzi pa zaka 1–2 kumatalikitsa moyo wa tiyi ndi kukulitsa kukoma kwake.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gawo la mtengo: Bái Ruìxiāng ndi m’gulu la Dāncóng apakatikati-okwera ndi okwera mtengo. Mtengo umatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka za mbulu (tiyi wa mitengo ya Lǎo Cóng, 老丛, ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri), kutalika kwa malo, nyengo yotola (yachisanu — yamtengo wapatali kwambiri), luso la wopanga, ndi mulingo wa kuwotcha. Bái Ruìxiāng wa mitengo yakale ya dera la Wūdǒng akhoza kukhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa wamba.
Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Gulani kwa opereka odziwika, odziwa ntchito yawo, a wūlóng aku Guangdong okhala ndi mndandanda wowonekera wa kumene adachokera.
- Onani maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Bái Ruìxiāng weniweni ndi mizere ikuluikulu, yathunthu, yopindika mofanana ya mtundu woderapo wakuda kapena wabulawuni wa olive. Tsamba losweka, laling’ono, kapena louma kwambiri ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
- Fungo la tsamba louma liyenera kukhala loyera, lamaluwa-lotsekemera, lopanda fungo lachilendo (lopsa, lowawasa, lowuma).
- Madzi — owonekera, agolide-amber, okhala ndi fungo lamaluwa lomveka pachivundikiro cha gàiwǎn. Madzi osawona kapena osakhazikika amasonyeza ubwino wochepa.
- Mtengo wochepa wokayikitsa wa “Bái Ruìxiāng wochokera ku Wūdǒng” ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha ndi zida zotsika mtengo zochokera kumadera otsika kapena minda yachinyamata.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Dzina la “Bái Ruìxiāng” ndi limodzi mwa dzina lochepa mwa Dāncóng lomwe limakhala ndi kuwerenga kawiri: monga kufotokozera fungo komanso ngati kufotokozera kwa chomera kwenikweni (Daphne odora). Izi zimapangitsa kukhala lapadera pakati pa Dāncóng a “maina”, omwe ambiri amatchulidwa molunjika mofanana ndi fungo la duwa kapena chipatso.
M’mapiri a Fènghuáng, mitengo yoposa 10,000 ya tiyi ya zaka zoposa 100 yasungidwa — ili ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse la mitengo yakale yolimidwa ya tiyi. Zitsanzo zina za Sòng Zhǒng (宋种, Sòng zhǒng) zili ndi zaka zoposa 600.
Kuwotcha kwamakala mwamwambo ndi luso lomwe limaperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Moto uyenera kukhala “wamoyo” (活火, huó huǒ) — wopanda utsi, wokhala ndi kutentha kofanana. Kuwotcha molakwika kumatha kuwononga ntchito yonse ya magawo am’mbuyomu.
Mu 1996, Profesa Dài Sùxiān wa Huánán Agricultural University adazindikira zinthu 104 zonunkhira mu Dāncóng — chifukwa chake amatchedwa “mizimu ya tiyi” (茶中香水, chá zhōng xiāngshuǐ).
Nthano ya Yā Shǐ Xiāng (鸭屎香, “Fungo la Ndowe za Bakha”): mlimi wanzeru, kuti ateteze mbulu yamtengo wapatali kuti isabedwe, adaipatsa dzina lonyansa mwadala — nkhani iyi ikuwonetsa nthabwala ndi nzeru za alimi a tiyi a Fènghuáng.

13. Kufanana ndi Dāncóng Ena:

Bái Ruìxiāng ali ndi malo apadera pakati pa Fènghuáng Dāncóng. Pansipa pali kufanana ndi mitundu yapafupi kwambiri ya fungo:

Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香, Mì Lán Xiāng) — “Orkidi ya Uchi”: Dāncóng wotchuka kwambiri ndi wofala kwambiri. Fungo ndi lotsekemera, lodzaza, ndi mawu omveka a uchi ndi orkidi. Kukoma — ndi kolemera, “kwambiri” poyerekeza ndi Bái Ruìxiāng. Bái Ruìxiāng ndi wapamwamba, wosakhwima, ndi kutsimikiza pa maluwa a ufa, pomwe Mì Lán Xiāng ndi yowala komanso yotsekemera ngati uchi.
Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香, Zhī Lán Xiāng) — “Fungo la Orkidi”: Wosakhwima, wodziletsa, wokhala ndi fungo lapamwamba la orkidi ndi kupezeka kwake kwa isoeugenol m’gawo la fungo. Ali pafupi ndi Bái Ruìxiāng paubwino, koma amasiyana ndi khalidwe “lozizira” komanso la mchere.
Yè Lái Xiāng (夜来香, Yè Lái Xiāng) — “Jasmine ya Usiku”: Fungo lamphamvu, lamzimu, “lotentha” lofanana ndi tuberose ndi jasmine ya usiku. Limasiyana kwambiri ndi Bái Ruìxiāng: ngati womaliza ndi kozizira kwa m’mawa ndi maluwa oyera, Yè Lái Xiāng ndi madzulo ofunda akumwera.
Yù Lán Xiāng (玉兰香, Yù Lán Xiāng) — “Fungo la Magnolia”: Fungo lapamwamba, loyera, lopangidwa ngati “zingwe” la magnolia. Ndi lopanda mpweya kwambiri kuposa Bái Ruìxiāng, koma silikufika pa kuzama ndi kusanjikana kwake.

14. Mitundu ya Bái Ruìxiāng:

M’kati mwa mbewu ya Bái Ruìxiāng, pali magawo omwe amatsimikiza khalidwe la tiyi womaliza:

Malinga ndi nyengo yotola: Yachisanu (春茶, chūnchá) — yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, yokhala ndi kununkhira kwakukulu ndi amino acids. Yophukira (秋茶, qiūchá) — “yolemera” m’thupi, yokhala ndi kukhuthala komveka, yochepera fungo, koma yokhala ndi kapangidwe kabwino.
Malinga ndi mulingo wa kuwotcha (焙火, bèi huǒ):
- Wopepuka (清香型, qīngxiāng xíng) — amatsindika fungo lachilengedwe lamaluwa, kupepuka ndi kutsitsimuka. Ndiwabwino kuyamba kudziwa mtunduwu.
- Wapakatikati (中火, zhōng huǒ) — kukhazikika pakati pa maluwa ndi zolemba za “moto”: zophika, caramel, mtedza wopepuka.
- Wamphamvu (浓香型, nóngxiāng xíng) — mawu akuya a mtedza wokazinga, chokoleti, matabwa. Kukhala kwa maluwa kumayenda pambuyo, koma “nthano ya m’mapiri” ya mchere imakulirakulira.
Malinga ndi zaka za mitengo:
- Mitengo yachinyamata ya m’minda (yobzalidwa chatsopano) — fungo loyera, lowala, koma losazama kwambiri.
- Lǎo Cóng (老丛, lǎo cóng) — mitengo yakale (zaka 50+) — imapereka tiyi wokhala ndi kuzama kwapadera, mchere, ndi “yùn” (韵, yùn) yowonekera — khalidwe lovuta kumasulira limene akatswiri amalifotokoza ngati “chithumwa”, “nthano”, “chibwerezi”.

Pomaliza:

Dāncóng Bái Ruìxiāng ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe adutsa kale njira yoyamba kudziwana ndi Mì Lán Xiāng ndi Yā Shǐ Xiāng ndipo ali okonzeka kulowa m’dziko la kusiyanasiyana kochenjera kwa palette ya Fènghuáng. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi uja “kununkhira koyera” komwe kunamupatsa dzina: fungo lopepuka, lofewa ngati ufa, laling’ono lokometsera, lofanana ndi kununkhira kwa daphne m’munda wa m’nyengo yozizira. Uyu si Dāncóng wamphamvu kwambiri kapena “womveka” kwambiri, koma mu ulemu wodziletsa umenewu muli mphamvu yake yeniyeni. Bái Ruìxiāng amapereka mphotho kwa womwa wodekha ndi wosamalitsa: kuchokera pa kutsanulira ku kutsanulira, amadziwonetsera ngati mpukutu wa kaligraphy, ndikuwulula zigawo zatsopano za tanthauzo — kuchokera pamwamba pa maluwa apamwamba kwambiri mpaka kuzama kwa mchere kwa mapiri a granite a Fènghuáng.