Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Oolong (mulingo wa kuthirira ubwino umakhala medium, 30-60%). Mulingo wowotcha ungasiyane.
Gulu: Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri wa oolong. Ali m’gulu la tiyi la Dan Cong (单丛, dān cóng), kutanthauza “chitsamba chimodzi” kapena “kuchokera pa chitsamba chimodzi.”
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), mzinda wa Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu), mapiri a Fenghuang (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān), omwe amadziwikanso kuti Mapiri a Phoenix.
Malikirapo: Pafupifupi 23-24° kumpoto kwa latitude, 116-117° kum’mawa kwa longitude.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Chikhalidwe cha kulima tiyi m’mapiri a Fenghuang chapitirira zaka 900. Tiyi wa Dan Cong, monga gulu lapadera, adayamba kuonekera zaka 100-150 zapitazo.
Dzina:
- “Dan Cong” (单丛) – “chitsamba chimodzi” kapena “kuchokera pa chitsamba chimodzi.” M’mbiri, tiyi amathyola ndi kukonza padera pa chitsamba chilichonse, zomwe zinkateteza mawonekedwe ake enieni. Masiku ano sikutsatidwa mokhazikika, koma “Dan Cong” amatanthauzabe kuti tiyi amachokera ku zitsamba za mtundu wina wake m’munda umodzi.
- “Xing Ren Xiang” (杏仁香) – “Kununkhira kwa almond.” Ikuwonetsa fungo lapadera la mtundu uwu wa Dan Cong, pomwe kununkhira kwa almond kuli patsogolo.
Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe: Tiyi wa Dan Cong, makamaka Xing Ren Xiang, amalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha fungo lawo lolemera, la mbali zambiri, kukoma kokwanira, ndi kutha kumwa mobwerezabwereza. Amawerengedwa ngati tiyi wa okonda mozama ndipo ndi chonyada cha dera la Chaozhou.

3. Kufotokozera za Chomera ndi Zipangizo Zake:

Mtundu wa chitsamba: Xing Ren Xiang si dzina la tiyi lokha, koma ndi dzina la mtundu wa chitsamba chomera cha tiyi chomwe chimamera m’mapiri a Fenghuang. Ma Dan Cong si mitundu yeniyeni mwa sayansi ya zomera, koma ndi mitundu ya malo, yomwe idapangidwa kudzera mu kusankha kwachilengedwe ndi mikhalidwe yapadera ya kumera. Dan Cong iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa masamba: Masamba a Xing Ren Xiang nthawi zambiri amakhala apakatikati, mawonekedwe ake ngati ovuta oval.
- Mtundu wa masamba: Wobiriwira woderapo, ndi mthunzi wofiira m’mpheto (zimasonyeza mulingo wapakati wa kuthirira ubwino).
- Fungo: Mtundu wa Xing Ren Xiang umadziwika ndi fungo lamphamvu, lapadera, pomwe kununkhira kwa almond kuli patsogolo, komanso m’pamene mutha kumva kununkhira kwa maluwa, zipatso ndi zokometsera.
Kuthyola: Nthawi zambiri amathyola m’nyengo ya masika, komanso m’chilimwe ndi m’mphukwe. Kuthyola kwa masika kumawerengedwa kukhala kwabwino kwambiri.
Mulingo wothyola: Amathyola mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu apamwamba, nthawi zina anayi.
Zofunika pa zipangizo: Zili pamwamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito masamba athanzi, osawonongeka okha.

4. Malo ndi Mikhalidwe Yolimira:

Mapiri a Fenghuang (Mapiri a Phoenix): Ndi phiri lomwe lili kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Mapiriwa amapangidwa kwambiri ndi miyala ya granite ndi miyala yophulitsa. Ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, mpweya wabwino, ndi nkhungu zochuluka.
Kutalika kolimira: Minda ya tiyi ili pa kutalika kwa mamita 400 mpaka 1500 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. Tiyi wa kumapiri atali (pamwamba pa mamita 1000) amalemekezedwa kwambiri.
Miyala ya m’nthaka: Nthaka ndi yamapiri, nthawi zambiri yamwala, yotulutsa madzi bwino, yodzaza ndi michere.
Nyengo: Ya subtropiki, ya monsuni, ndi dzinja lofunda, lonyowa, ndi chilimwe chotentha, chamvula. Kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi pafupifupi 21°C. Chinyezi chachikulu ndi nkhungu zambiri zimapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yolimira tiyi.
Mawonekedwe apadera: Zitsamba zambiri za tiyi m’mapiri a Fenghuang n’zakale kwambiri, zaka mazana angapo. Amatchedwa “Lao Cong” (老枞) – “Zitsamba zakale.” Amakhulupirira kuti tiyi wa kuchokera ku zitsamba zotere ali ndi kukoma kokulirapo, kozama. Komanso, cholimbirira n’chakuti amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala owononga tizilombo mochepa kwambiri kapena osagwiritsa ntchito n’komwe.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Ukadaulo wopanga Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang umaphatikiza njira zachikhalidwe zopangira tiyi wa oolong ndi mawonekedwe apadera a dera la Chaozhou.

Kuthyola (采摘 – cǎi zhāi): Tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kufenthula (萎凋 – wěidiāo): Masamba othyolidwa amawayala panja (kufenthula padzuwa kapena pamthunzi) kapena m’nyumba kwa maola angapo. Cholinga n’kuchotsa madzi ena m’masamba, kuwafewetsa ndi kuyambitsa kuthirira ubwino.
Kugededeka (摇青 – yáo qīng): Masamba amagwedezeka mosamala ndi kuwayendetsa pa thireyi za bambo. Gawo ili limachitika kangapo ndi kupuma pakati. Kwa Xing Ren Xiang, kugwedezeka kumachitika mosamala kuti masamba asasweke ndi kuti fungo la almond lizituluke.
Kuthirira ubwino (发酵 – fājiào): Ndi njira ya okisidhesheni yomwe imachitika pa kugwedezeka ndi kupuma kwa masamba. Mulingo wakuthirira ubwino wa Xing Ren Xiang nthawi zambiri ndi wapakati (30-60%), koma ungasiyane malinga ndi wopanga ndi kakomedwe kake.
“Kupha zobiriwira” (杀青 – shā qīng): Kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti kuthirira ubwino kuyime. Kwa Xing Ren Xiang, nthawi zambiri kutentha sipakhale kwakukulu kwambiri pa gawo ili, kuti nthenje zamtedza zisungike.
Kukulunga (揉捻 – róuniǎn): Masamba amakulungidwa mozungulira. Kukulunga kutha kukhala ndi manja kapena makina.
Kuyanika (烘干 – hōnggān): Tiyi amayanikiratu kuti achotse madzi. Pa gawo ili, kuwotcha kochepa kapena kokulirapo kumatha kuchitika, malinga ndi kakomedwe kofunidwa.
Kusanja (分级 – fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasanjidwa malinga ndi kukula ndi ubwino wake.

6. Maonekedwe a Kununkhira ndi Kulawa:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba okulirapo, okulungidwa mozungulira, owuma a mtundu woderapo, wa bulauni, ndi mthunzi wofiira. Zingati zitha kupezeka.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lamphamvu kwambiri, lodzazana, lomveka bwino la almond, komanso ndi kununkhira kwa maluwa, zipatso, uchi, zokometsera. Pangakhalenso mthunzi wowotcha.
Fungo la chakumwa: Lodzazana, lomwe limakundikira, lokoma, ndi kununkhira kwakukulu kwa almond, m’thunzi mwa maluwa, zipatso, uchi.
Kakomedwe: Kolemera, kodzazana, ngati chamafuta, kotsekemera pang’ono, ndi kukhuthuka kochepa. M’buketi lamkati, muli kununkhira kwa almond, ndi m’thunzi mwa maluwa, zipatso, uchi, ndi kakomedwe kakale kotsekemera komwe kamatsalira.
Mtundu wa chakumwa: Kochokera ku golide wachikasu mpaka amber wa lalanje, kowala, koyera. Mtundu wa chakumwa umadalira mulingo wa kuthirira ubwino ndi kuwotcha.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba osweka, otanuka, otuluka ataphikidwa, obiriwira a bulauni ndi m’mpheto mofiira.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Michizidwe:

Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang ndi wodzaza ndi:

Mankhwala a polyphenol (catechins): Othandizira kuteteza maselo.
Aminiyo asidi: Kuphatikizapo L-theanine.
Mankhwala a alkaloid: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline.
Mafuta onunkhira: Mafuta onunkhira ochuluka, makamaka okhala ndi fungo la almond (benzaldehyde).
Mavitamini: C, gulu B, E, K.
Michere: Potaziyamu, flouridi, manyeziyamu, manganizi, chitsulo.

8. Ubwino Wathanzi:

Mphamvu yolonjeza: Imalonjeza, imachotsa kutopa, imawonjezera mphamvu zogwira ntchito, imathandizira kukhala osamala.
Ntchito yoteteza maselo: Imateteza maselo ku zowononga zokhudza ma free radicals, imachedwetsa ukalamba.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Imathandizira kugaya chakudya, komanso kulandiridwa kwa chakudya.
Mphamvu yothandizira kutentha: Imatenthetsa bwino m’nyengo yozizira.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi magazi: Ingathandize kuchepetsa mulingo wa cholesterol “woipa,” kulimbitsa makoma a zotengera.
Mphamvu yofewetsa maganizo: Ngakhale ili ndi mphamvu yolonjeza, fungo lake ndi L-theanine m’tiyi zimathandizira kufewetsa maganizo ndi kuchotsa nkhawa.
Kukweza mtima: Amapereka chisangalalo, chimwemwe ndi kutonthozedwa.

9. Kuphika:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90-95°C (kwa mitundu yambiri). Kwa omwe amawotcha pang’ono komanso obiriwira kwambiri, madzi a 85-90°C angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Gramu 5-7 pa mamilita 150-200 a madzi.
Mbale: Yoyenera kwambiri ndi gaiwan (kapu yachikhalidwe ya ku China yokhala ndi chivundikiro) kapena teapot yadothi yochokera ku Yixing. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida za porcelain.
Mchitidwe:
1. Kutenthetsa mbale: Sakanizani gaiwan kapena teapot ndi madzi otentha.
2. Kusakaniza tiyi mwachangu (kuthira mwachangu): Ikani tiyi mu gaiwan, thirani madzi otentha pang’ono ndipo tsitsani msanga.
3. Kuphika koyamba: Thirani tiyi ndi madzi otentha (90-95°C) ndipo asungeni kwa masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 1 (kuphika koyamba). Nthawi ya kuphika koyamba ikhoza kukhala yochepa kwambiri, masekondi 5-15, makamaka ngati tiyi ndi wabwino.
4. Gawani chakumwa m’makapu: Tsitsani chamakumwa chonse kuchokera mu gaiwan kapena teapot kulowa mu chaha (chotsitsira), kenako kugawa m’mikapu.
5. Kuphika mobwerezabwereza: Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang akhoza kuphikidwa mobwerezabwereza (marounds 7-10, nthawi zina kupitirira), ndikuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yosunga ndi masekondi 10-30 pa kuphika kulikonse kotsatira. Ndi kuphika kulikonse, kakomedwe ndi fungo la tiyi zimasintha, kuwulula mbali zatsopano.

Mfundo zofunikira:

Osasiya nthawi yaitali: Kuphika kwa nthawi yaitali mopambanitsa kumatha kupangitsa tiyi kukhala wokozeka ndi wowawa.
Mverani tiyi: Tsatirani m’mene mukumvera ndipo konzani nthawi yophika malinga ndi mphamvu ya chakumwa chomwe mukufuna.
Onani tiyi: Onani mtundu wa chakumwa, fungo, ndi kutambasuka kwa masamba a tiyi.

10. Kusungirako:

Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang ayenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma, amdima, ozizira, mu chotengera chosatulula mpweya (chofinyanga, cha porcelain, cha galasi kapena chachitsulo), kutali ndi fungo lina.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang ndi tiyi wokwera mtengo, wapamwamba kwambiri. Mtengo wake ungasiyane kwambiri, kuyambira madola makumi angapo kufika mazana angapo pa gramu 100, ndipo nthawi zina kupitirira apo, malinga ndi:

Zaka za zitsamba: Tiyi wa kuchokera ku zitsamba zakale (“Lao Cong”) umawerengedwa kukhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kutalika kolimira: Tiyi wa kumapiri atali (pamwamba pa mamita 1000) ndi wokwera mtengo.
Ubwino wa zipangizo: Kaya amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira ndi masamba achichepere osankhidwa bwino kapena zipangizo zokhwima.
Luso la wopanga: Chidziwitso ndi mbiri ya mbuye wa tiyi amene anapanga tiyi zimakhudza mtengo kwambiri.
Mulingo ndi ubwino wa kuwotcha: Kuwotcha ndi manja pa makala, kochitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa, kumawonjezera mtengo wa tiyi kwambiri.
Kusapezeka kwa tiyi: Kuchuluka kwapang‘onopang’ono kwa kupanga ndi kufunika kwakukulu kumapangitsa tiyuyo kukhala wokwera mtengo.
Kufunika: Kufunika kwakukulu kwa Dan Cong kumakhudzanso mtengo.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera komanso kutchuka kwake, mwatsoka, pamsika pali zonyenga zambiri ndi zotsanzira. Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika okha: Fufuzani malo ogulitsira tiyi apadera omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe amasamalira makasitomala awo ndipo amatha kupereka chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza komwe tiyi amachokera, chaka chothyola, wopanga. Ayeneranso kutsimikizira umboni wake ndi ubwino.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wotsika mowakayikira nthawi zonse ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha chonyenga. Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang weniweni sangakhale wotsika mtengo. Kumbukirani kuti zozizwitsa sizichitika.
Yang’anani mawonekedwe mwatcheru: Onani maonekedwe, mtundu, ndi kusweka kwa masamba. Zikuyenera kugwirizana ndi kufotokozera pamwambapa. Kupezeka kwa masamba osweka ambiri, fumbi, zosakaniza zina ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wochepa kapena chonyenga.
Yezani fungo: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi fungo lochuluka, la mitundumitundu, lodziwika bwino la almond. Pewani tiyi wokhala ndi fungo lofooka, losamveka, lotsekemera kapena lonyansa. Kununkhiza kochita kupanga, komwe nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika, nthawi zambiri kumawonekera ndi fungo losafunikira, lopanda chilengedwe.
Onani chakumwa ndi pansi pa tiyi: Mtundu wa chakumwa uyenera kukhala wochokera ku golide wachikasu mpaka amber wa lalanje, kowala.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi:

Fungo la almond ndi zotsatira za malo apadera ndi luso: Amakhulupirira kuti fungo lodziwika bwino la almond la Xing Ren Xiang limabwera chifukwa chophatikiza mtundu wa malo, nthaka yapadera ndi nyengo ya mapiri a Fenghuang, komanso njira yachikhalidwe yokonza.
Tiyi wa okhudza zakudya: Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang ndi tiyi wofuna kukonzekera ndi chidziwitso winawake kuti athe kuwunika mokwanira kakomedwe kake kakomplesso ndi fungo.
N’wabwino kwambiri pa mwambo wa Gongfu Cha: Fungo lovuta komanso kutha kumwa mobwerezabwereza zimapangitsa tiyi uyu kukhala woyenera pa mwambo wachikhalidwe waku China.

13. Kuyerekezera ndi Mitundu Ina ya Dan Cong:

Mi Lan Xiang (蜜兰香 – “Kununkhira kwa Orchid ya Uchi”): Mwina ndi Dan Cong wodziwika kwambiri. Mi Lan Xiang nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kununkhira kwa maluwa a uchi, pamene Xing Ren Xiang ali ndi fungo la almond patsogolo.
Ya Shi Xiang (鸭屎香 – “Kununkhira kwa Ndowe za Bakha”): Ya Shi Xiang amadziwika ndi fungo lamphamvu la maluwa, lomwe nthawi zambiri limafanizidwa ndi gardenia, komanso ndi mthunzi wa mkaka. Xing Ren Xiang amatchuka ndi fungo lake la almond.
Zhi Lan Xiang (芝兰香 – “Kununkhira kwa Orchid ya Zhi Lan”): Dan Cong uyu ali ndi fungo la maluwa lochulukirapo komanso losakhwima, ndi kununkhira kwa orchid patsogolo. Mu Xing Ren Xiang, padera pa maluwa, kununkhira kwa almond kumamveketsa kwambiri.
Rou Gui Xiang (肉桂香 – “Kununkhira kwa Cinnamon”): Dan Cong uyu ali ndi fungo la cinnamon lomveka bwino, zomwe zikusiyanitsa ndi Xing Ren Xiang ndi fungo lake la almond.
Ye Lai Xiang (夜来香 – “Kununkhira kwa Jasmine wausiku” (tuberose)): Monga dzina limasonyezera, Dan Cong uyu ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la tuberose, pamene Xing Ren Xiang ali ndi fungo lovutirapo, ndi almond patsogolo.

14. Zosakhazikika Zomwe Zingachitike ndi Kusiyana kwa Malingaliro:

Kugawidwa: M’malo ena mutha kupeza kuti Dan Cong ndi oolong a kuthirira ubwino pang’ono. Izi sizolondola. Mulingo wa kuthirira ubwino wa ma Dan Cong, makamaka Xing Ren Xiang, ukhoza kusiyana, koma nthawi zambiri ndi wapakati kapena pamwamba pa pakati (30-60%).
Mulingo wowotcha: Angasinthe. Alipo mitundu yowotcha pang’ono, “yobiriwira” ya Xing Ren Xiang, komanso mitundu yowotcha mwamphamvu, yomwe imapereka mtundu woderapo komanso mthunzi wamphamvu wa “moto” mu kakomedwe ndi fungo.
Mayina: Ku China kuli mayina ochuluka a tiyi am’malo, ndipo nthawi zina tiyi yemweyo akhoza kudziwika ndi mayina osiyana m’madera osiyana kapena ndi opanga osiyana. N’chifukwa chake n’kothandiza nthawi zonse kufunsa kwa ogulitsa za chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe a tiyi amene akufotokozedwa.

Mapeto:

Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang ndi oolong wodabwitsa wokhala ndi fungo lowala, losaiwalika la almond, kakomedwe kolemera, kodzazana, ndi kakomedwe kakale kotsekemera kamene kamatsalira. Ndi m’modzi mwa oimira odziwika kwambiri a Dan Cong ochokera ku mapiri a Fenghuang. Tiyi uyu si chakumwa chabe, koma ntchito yaluso yeniyeni, yopangidwa mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndipo kupukutidwa ndi miyambo yazaka mazana ambiri. Kulawa Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang weniweni ndiko kudzitsegulira dziko lodabwitsa la oolong, kumva mphamvu za mapiri ndi kusangalala ndi ungwiro weniweni wa tiyi. Uwu ndi tiyi wa zochitika zapadera, wa kulawa tiyi modekha, molingalira, pamene mufuna kumizidwa m’dziko la kakomedwe kake kofufutika ndi fungo, kumva mgwirizano ndi kupeza chithunzithunzi chosaiwalika. Ngati mufuna oolong wosazolowereka, wonunkhira ndi wokoma wokhala ndi chikhalidwe chake, Dan Cong Xing Ren Xiang, mosakayikira, ayenera kusankhidwa ndi inu.