Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Wulung’u (nthawi zambiri wophikika pang’ono, 30-60%). Kuwotcha kumakhoza kusintha kuchokera ku chochepa kupita ku chachikulu.
Gulu: Tiyi wapamwamba wa Wulung’u. Ndi wa gulu la tiyi la Dan Cong (单丛, Dān Cóng) lomwe limatanthauza “zitsamba zokha” kapena “kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi”.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), mzinda wa Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu), mapiri a Fenghuang (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān), omwenso amadziwika kuti Mapiri a Feniksi.
Ma coordinates: Pafupifupi 23-24° kumpoto, 116-117° kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Chikhalidwe cha kulima tiyi m’mapiri a Fenghuang chili ndi zaka zoposa 900. Dan Cong, ngati gulu lapadera la tiyi, linayamba kuzindikirika pafupifupi zaka 100-150 zapitazo.
Dzina:
- “Dan Cong” (单丛) – “zitsamba zokha” kapena “kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi”. Dzinali limasonyeza khalidwe lapadera la Dan Cong: m’malingaliro abwino, tiyi amatengedwa ndi kukonzedwa kuchokera pachitsamba chilichonse payekhapayekha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti khalidwe la chomera chilichonse lisungidwe. Masiku ano, izi sizimatsatiridwa kotheratu, koma “Dan Cong” akutanthauzabe kuti tiyi amachokera ku zitsamba za mtundu wina/ kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wina m’munda umodzi waung’ono.
- “Mi Lan Xiang” (蜜兰香) – “Nkhalango ya Orchid ya Uchi”. Likusonyeza nkhalango yodziwika bwino ya mtundu uwu wa Dan Cong, yomwe imakhala ndi nkhalango za orchid ndi uchi.
Kufunika kwake pachikhalidwe: Dan Cong, makamaka Mi Lan Xiang, amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhalango yake yolemera, yamitundumitundu, kukoma kwake kolemera, komanso kutha kupikidwa kangapo. Amawonedwa ngati tiyi wa akatswiri odziwa bwino ndipo ndi nyonga ya chigawo cha Chaozhou.

3. Kufotokoza Mwa Zamoyo ndi Zopangira:

Mtundu wa chomera: Mi Lan Xiang si dzina la tiyi lokha, komanso ndi dzina la mtundu wapadera wa zitsamba za tiyi zomwe zimamera m’mapiri a Fenghuang. Dan Cong si mitundu yeniyeni m’lingaliro la sayansi ya zamoyo, koma ndi mitundu ya m’deralo, yomwe idapangidwa kudzera mu kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe ndi mikhalidwe yapadera ya kukula. Dan Cong iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zake:
- Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa masamba: Masamba a Mi Lan Xiang nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu, otambalala.
- Mtundu wa masamba: Wobiriwira mdima, wokhala ndi m’bala wofiira m’mphepete (kumasonyeza kuphika pang’ono).
- Nkhalango: Mtundu wa Mi Lan Xiang umadziwika ndi nkhalango yamphamvu, yapadera, yomwe imakhala ndi nkhalango za orchid, uchi, zipatso.
Kututa: Kututa kumachitika makamaka m’nyengo ya chisanu, koma kungachitikenso m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja. Kututa kwa m’nyengo ya chisanu kumawonedwa kukhala kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Mulingo wa kututa: Amatuta mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu apamwamba, nthawi zina anayi.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Ndizokwera. Masamba athanzi, osawonongeka okha ndiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

4. Malo ndi Zikhalidwe Za Kulima:

Mapiri a Fenghuang (Mapiri a Feniksi): Mphepete za mapiri, zomwe zili kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Mapiriwo amapangidwa makamaka ndi granite ndi miyala yophulika yam’mapiri. Amakhala ndi malo okongola, mpweya wabwino, ndi nthunzi zambiri.
Kutalika kwa malo: Minda ya tiyi ili pa kutalika kwa 400 mpaka 1500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Tiyi wa kumapiri aatali (pamwamba pa 1000 mita) amayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Nthaka: Nthaka zofiira ndi zachikasu, zomwe zili ndi michere yambiri, zothira madzi bwino. Nthaka ndi zamapiri, nthawi zambiri zamiyala.
Nyengo: Nyengo yamvula yochepera kutentha, yotentha, yozizira komanso yamvula, ndi chirimwe chotentha, chamvula. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi 21°C. Chinyezi chokwera ndi nthunzi zambiri zimapanga mikhalidwe yabwino yolimira tiyi.
Zochititsa chidwi: Zitsamba zambiri za tiyi m’mapiri a Fenghuang n’zakale kwambiri, zokhala ndi zaka mazana angapo. Zimatchedwa “Lao Cong” (老枞) – “Zitsamba Zakale”. Amakhulupirira kuti tiyi wochokera kuzitsamba zoterewo amakhala ndi kukoma kwakuzika ndi kovuta kwambiri.

5. Umisiri Wopanga:

Umisiri wopanga Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang umaphatikiza njira zachikhalidwe zopangira tiyi wa Wulung’u ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika m’chigawo cha Chaozhou.

Kututa (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kafotokozedwe pamwambapa.
Kufowoketsa (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Masamba otuta amayalidwa panja (powala dzuwa kapena pamthunzi) kapena mnyumba kwa maola angapo. Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa madzi ena m’masamba, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofewa ndi kuyambitsa kayendedwe ka kupesa.
Kugwedeza (摇青 - yáo qīng): Masamba amagwedezeka mosamala ndi kuwulungidwa pa mathireyi a nsungwi. Gawo limeneli limachitika kangapo ndi nthawi yopuma ya “kupumula” kwa masamba. Kwa Mi Lan Xiang, kugwedeza kumachitidwa mosamala kuti masamba asungidwire bwino ndi kuti nkhalango ya maluwa ipangike.
Kupesa (发酵 - fājiào): Kayendedwe ka okosijeni yemwe amachitika panthawi ya kugwedeza ndi “kupumula” kwa masamba. Mulingo wa kupesa kwa Mi Lan Xiang umakhala wapakati (30-60%), koma ungasinthe malinga ndi wopanga.
“Kupha masamba obiriwira” (杀青 - shā qīng): Kuwotcha pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti kayendedwe ka kupesa kayimitsidwe.
Kukulunga (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Masamba amapindidwa m’litali. Kukulunga kungakhale kwa manja kapena makina.
Kuumitsa (烘干 - hōnggān): Tiyi amawumitsidwa kuti atulutse madzi. Pa gawoli, kuwotcha kumatha kukhala kochepa kapena kwakukulu, malinga ndi kukoma komwe akufuna.
Kusankha (分级 - fēnjí): Tiyi womalizidwa amasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula ndi khalidwe lake.

6. Makhalidwe a M’kati ndi Kunja (Ogwilitsa Ntchito Zonunkhira):

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba akulu, opindidwa m’litali, amtundu wa bulawuni wakuda, wofiirira. Mitengo ya masamba ikhoza kupezeka. Nthawi zina ma tinsa amawoneka, okutidwa ndi ubweya wa golide.
Nkhalango ya masamba owuma: Yamphamvu kwambiri, yamphamvu, yokhala ndi nkhalango zachidziwikire za orchid ya uchi (Mi Lan), zipatso (pichesi, lychee, zipatso zakuthengo), uchi, maluwa. Zinthu zina za kuwotcha, zonunkhira zingakhalepo.
Nkhalango ya mankhwala: Wolemera, wokombetsa, wokoma, wokhala ndi nkhalango zazikulu za orchid ndi uchi, mithunzi ya zipatso, maluwa, nthawi zina ndi kuwawa pang’ono.
Kukoma: Kolemera, kodzaza, kothira mafuta, kokoma, kokhala ndi kuwawa pang’ono ndi kuwawa kotsitsimula. M’kuphatikiza kumeneku kuli nkhalango za uchi-orchid, ndi zipatso (pichesi, lychee, mango), maluwa, zonunkhira. Pambuyo pake kukoma kumakhalapo kwautali, kokoma, kwa maluwa ndi zipatso.
Mtundu wa mankhwala: Kuchokera ku golide-wachikasu kupita ku amber-wa lalanji, woyera, wosadetsedwa. Mtundu wa mankhwala umadalira mulingo wa kupesa ndi kuwotcha.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa): Masamba athunthu, otanuka pambuyo kuphikidwa, amtundu wachotu wakuda wobiriwira ndi m’mbali zofiira.

7. Zomwe Zili M’mankhwala:

Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang ali ndi zinthu zambiri:

Polyphenols (catechins): Ma antioxidant.
Ma amino acid: Kuphatikizapo L-theanine.
Alkaloids: Kafeini, theobromine, theophylline.
Mafuta onunkhira: Ali ndi mafuta onunkhira ambiri, makamaka onunkhira ngati maluwa ndi uchi.
Mavitamini: C, gulu la B, E, K.
Minerals: Potasiyamu, fulorayidi, magnesium, manganizi, chitsulo.

8. Ubwino Wake pa Thanzi:

Kulimbitsa thupi: Kuchotsa kutopa, kuonjezera mphamvu, kukweza kugwira ntchito, kuonjezera chidwi.
Kuchita antioxidant: Kuteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka ndi ma free radicals, kuchedwetsa ukalamba.
Kuthandiza kugaya chakudya: Kulimbikitsa kugaya, kuthandiza kuyamwa chakudya.
Kutenthetsa thupi: Kutenthetsa bwino m’nyengo yozizira.
Dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Lingathandize kuchepetsa mulingo wa “cholesterol woyipa”, kulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha.
Kumasula thupi: Ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa, nkhalango ndi L-theanine zomwe zili mu tiyi zimathandiza kumasula ndi kuthetsa kupsinjika.
Kukweza Mtima: Kupereka kumverera kwa mgwirizano, chisangalalo ndi kusangalala.

9. Njira Yopangira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90-95°C (kwa mitundu yambiri). Kwa mitundu yophikidwa pang’ono ndi yobiriwira kwambiri, madzi a 85-90°C angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5-7 magalamu pa 150-200 ml a madzi.
Ziwiya: Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gaiwan (chikho chachikhalidwe chaku China chokhala ndi chivundikiro) kapena mtewera wadongo wa Yixing. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za porcelani.
Njira:
1. Kutenthetsa ziwiya: Sakanizani gaiwan kapena mtewera ndi madzi otentha.
2. Kutsuka tiyi (kuwaza mwamsanga): Ikani tiyi mu gaiwan, thirani madzi otentha pang’ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsanulirani madziwo.
3. Kuphika koyamba: Thirani madzi otentha (90-95°C) pa tiyi ndipo musiyeni kwa masekondi angapo mpaka 1 mphindi (kuwaza koyamba). Nthawi ya kuphika koyamba ikhoza kukhala yaifupi, masekondi 5-15, makamaka ngati tiyi ndi wabwino.
4. Tsanulirani mankhwalawo mu makapu: Tulutsani mankhwalawo mokwanira mu gaiwan kapena mtewera ndi kuwathira mu chahai (chotsanulira), kenako mu makapu.
5. Kuphikanso mobwerezabwereza: Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang akhoza kuphikidwa kangapo (nthaŵi 7-10, nthawi zina kupitirira apo), pomalizira pake kuwonjezera nthawi ya kuphika ndi masekondi 10-30 pa kuwaza kulikonse. Pakuwaza kulikonse, kukoma ndi nkhalango za tiyi zimasintha, kutsegula mbali zatsopano.

Zambiri zofunika:

Osasunga nthawi yaitali: Kusunga kwanthawi yayitali kungapangitse tiyi kukhala wowawa ndi wowawa.
Mverani tiyi: Dziwirani malinga ndi momwe mukumvera ndikuwongolera nthawi ya kuphika malinga ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe mukufuna.
Onetsetsani tiyi: Yang’anani mtundu wa mankhwala, nkhalango, momwe masamba akutsegukira.

10. Kusunga:

Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang ayenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma, amdima, ozizira, m’chidebe chosatulutsa mpweya (cha ceramic, porcelani, galasi, kapena chitsulo), kutali ndi nkhalango zina.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang ndi tiyi wokwera mtengo, wapamwamba. Mtengo wake ukhoza kusiyanasiyana kwambiri, kuchokera pa madola angapo pa magalamu 100 mpaka madola mazana angapo pa kulemera komweko, ndipo nthawi zina kupitirira apo, malinga ndi:

Zaka za zitsamba: Tiyi wochokera kuzitsamba zakale (“Lao Cong”) amadaliridwa kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa malo ake: Tiyi wa kumapiri aatali (pamwamba pa 1000 mita) ndi wokwera mtengo.
Khalidwe la zopangira: Kaya mphukira zosankhidwa ndi masamba achichepere kapena zopangira zokhwima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Luso la wopanga: Luso ndi mbiri ya katswiri wa tiyi amene anapanga tiyiyu, zimakhudza kwambiri mtengo.
Mulingo ndi khalidwe la kuwotcha: Kuwotcha ndi manja pa makala, kochitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino, kumakweza kwambiri mtengo wa tiyi.
Kusowa kwake: Mitundu ina yapadera ya Mi Lan Xiang ikhoza kukhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kufunika: Kufunika kwakukulu kwa Dan Cong kumakhudzanso mtengo.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera ndi kutchuka kwake, msika uli ndi zonyenga zambiri komanso zotsanzira. Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:

Gulani kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika okha: Fufuzani malo ogulitsira tiyi odziwika bwino omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe amasamalira makasitomala awo ndipo akhoza kupereka mfundo zodziwika za komwe tiyi akuchokera, chaka chomwe anatuta, ndi wopanga.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika nthawi zambiri umakhala chizindikiro cha chinyengo. Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang weniweni sangakhale wotsika mtengo.
Yang’anani mosamala maonekedwe ake: Onani mawonekedwe, mtundu, kusasalala kwa masamba. Ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kafotokozedwe kamene kaperekedwa pamwambapa.
Yesani nkhalango yake: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi nkhalango yolemera kwambiri, yophatikizana, yokhala ndi nkhalango zachidziwikire za orchid ya uchi, zipatso ndi maluwa.
Yesani mankhwalawo ndi pansi pa tiyi: Mtundu wa mankhwala uyenera kukhala kuchokera ku golide-wachikasu kupita ku amber-wa lalanji, woonekera bwino.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Zitsamba zokha”: Dzina lakuti “Dan Cong” likusonyeza kupadera kwa chitsamba chilichonse m’mapiri a Fenghuang, makhalidwe ake payekha, omwe amaperekedwa kwa tiyi.
“Zakale zamoyo”: Zitsamba zina za tiyi m’mapiri a Fenghuang ndi zakale kwambiri, zokhala ndi zaka mazana angapo. Amawatcha “zakale zamoyo” za dziko la tiyi.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nkhalango: M’mapiri a Fenghuang muli mitundu yopitirira zana ya Dan Cong, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi nkhalango yake yapadera. Pakati pawo pali Dan Cong onunkhira ma almond, sinamoni, jasmine, gardenia ndi maluwa ndi zipatso zina.

13. Dan Cong Ena Odziwika:

Kuphatikiza pa Mi Lan Xiang, awa ndi odziwika:

Ya Shi Xiang (鸭屎香, Yā Shǐ Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya ndowe za bakha”. Ngakhale kuti dzina lawo ndi lokopa, amakhala ndi nkhalango yabwino ngati maluwa.
Zhi Lan Xiang (芝兰香, Zhī Lán Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya orchid ya Zhi Lan”.
Xing Ren Xiang (杏仁香, Xìng Rén Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya ma almond”.
Rou Gui Xiang (肉桂香, Ròu Guì Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya sinamoni”.
Yu Lan Hua Xiang (玉兰花香, Yù Lán Huā Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya magnolia”.
Ye Lai Xiang (夜来香, Yè Lái Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya jasmine yausiku” (tuberose).
Jiang Mu Xiang (姜母香, Jiāng Mǔ Xiāng): “Nkhalango ya muzu wa ginger”.

Ndi ena ambiri, aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro zake zapadera.

14. Kuyerekeza ndi Ma Wulung’u Ena:

Tie Guan Yin (铁观音): Tie Guan Yin, nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi nkhalango zomveka bwino za zonona ngati maluwa, pamene Dan Cong, kuphatikizapo Mi Lan Xiang, amakhala ndi nkhalango za maluwa, zipatso ndi uchi. Tie Guan Yin amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pamene Dan Cong amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otalikitsa.
Da Hong Pao (大红袍): Da Hong Pao ndi Wulung’u wakuthwa wophikidwa kwambiri ndi wowotchedwa kwambiri, wokhala ndi kukoma kolemera, “kwamoto” ndi nkhalango. Mi Lan Xiang, mosiyana naye, amakhala ndi kukoma kosalala ndi kokoma kwambiri, ndi nkhalango zazikulu za maluwa ndi zipatso; mulingo wa kuwotcha kwake nthawi zambiri umakhala wocheperako.
Shui Xian (水仙): Shui Xian, makamaka wa ku Wuyi, amakhala ndi nkhalango zomveka bwino zama mchere ndi “miyala”, komanso mithunzi ya mafuta. Mi Lan Xiang amadziwika ndi nkhalango yowala ngati maluwa, ya uchi ndi orchid.

Pomaliza:

Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang ndi Wulung’u wapamwamba wokhala ndi khalidwe lapadera, chizindikiro cha mapiri a Fenghuang. Nkhalango yake yowala, yolemera ya orchid ya uchi, kukoma kokoma, kolemera komwe kuli ndi nkhalango za zipatso ndi maluwa, komanso kukoma kwautali, kotsitsimula pambuyo pake, sikungasiye wokonda tiyi aliyense wopanda chidwi. Tiyi wotereyu ndi luso lenileni, lopangidwa mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndi kukonzedwa ndi miyambo ya zaka mazana ambiri. Kuyesa Dan Cong Mi Lan Xiang weniweni ndiko kutsegulira dziko lodabwitsa la Wulung’u wa ku Taiwan, kumva mphamvu za mapiri ndi kusangalala ndi ungwiro weniweni wa tiyi. Uwu ndi tiyi wa nthawi zapadera, wa mwambo wodekha, woganizira mozama, pamene mukufuna kumira m’dziko la kukoma ndi nkhalango zapamwamba, kumva mgwirizano ndi kulandira zosangalatsa zosaiwalika.