Dà Shù Chá · new.thetea.app

Mtundu: Ukhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi: nthawi zambiri ndi Shēng Pǔ’ěr, Shú Pǔ’ěr, tiyi wofiira, koma zochepa woyera, wobiriŵa kapena wūlóng. Mtundu umatsimikiziridwa ndi luso la kupanga, osati msinkhu wa mtengo.
Gulu: Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa mu gulu lapadera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chinthu chomwe amagwiritsira ntchito (msinkhu wa mitengo) ndi momwe chimakhudzira makhalidwe a tiyi.
Chiyambi: M’mbiri, ndipo makamaka masiku ano, chigawo cha Yúnnán (云南, Yúnnán), China. Apa ndi pamene pali mitengo yambiri yakale kwambiri ya tiyi. Komanso, posachedwapa, masamba a mitengo yakale asonkhanitsidwanso m’madera ena, mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha Fújiàn (福建, Fújiàn), koma izi sizachikhalidwe, ndipo tiyi oterewa amapezeka mochepera.
Zogwirizana ndi malo: Zimatengera malo enieni amene amasonkhetsa masambawo. Ku Yúnnán, mitengo yakale yamtiyi imapezeka m’maboma a Xīshuāngbǎnnà (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), Pǔ’ěr (普洱, Pǔ’ěr), Líncāng (临沧, Líncāng) ndi ena.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Mu chigawo cha Yúnnán, mitengo yamtiyi yakhala ikumera kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Anthu am’madera akhala akusonkhetsa masamba a mitengo yamtiyi yakutchire kuyambira kalekale ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito monga chakudya komanso ngati mankhwala. Pakapita nthawi, tiyi anayamba kulimidwa, koma mwambo wosonkhetsa masamba a mitengo yakutchire ndi yakale unasungika. M’zaka zaposachedwa, pamene kutchuka kwa pǔ’ěr ndi tiyi ena a ku Yúnnán kukukulira, tiyi wa ku mitengo yakale (Dà Shù) anayamba kuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndipo anasanduka gulu laokha.
Dzina:
- “Dà” (大) - lalikulu, wamkulu.
- “Shù” (树) - mtengo.
- “Chá” (茶) - tiyi.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dà Shù Chá si tiyi chabe, koma ndi kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, mbiri ndi miyambo. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha “chiyamiko chake”, “ukali wake”, “chirengedwe chake”. Amakhulupirira kuti mitengo yakale, yomwe imamera mwachirengedwe, popanda kulowerera mwamphamvu kwa anthu, imasonkhanitsa mphamvu yapadera m’masamba ake, yomwe imapereka kwa tiyi. Kwa okonda tiyi ambiri, Dà Shù Chá ndi mwayi wokhudza china chake chakale, chenicheni, kumva kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi weniweni, monga analiri zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zopangira:

Mitundu: Popanga Dà Shù Chá, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya masamba akulu a Yúnnán Dà Yè Zhǒng (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng) ndi mitundu yake, yomwe ili mu gulu la Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Komanso, posachedwapa, zopangira za mitengo yakale zasonkhanitsidwanso m’madera ena (mwachitsanzo, ku Fújiàn), koma izi, nthawi zambiri, sizinthu za assamica, ndi Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Msinkhu wa mitengo: Ku gulu la Dà Shù amalowetsa mitengo yamtiyi yomwe msinkhu wake, nthawi zambiri, ndi kuyambira zaka 50-60 mpaka 100. Zomera zazing’ono zimalowetsedwa mu gulu la “Xiǎo Shù” (小树, Xiǎo Shù) - “mitengo yaying’ono/zitsamba”, pamene yakale kwambiri - mu gulu la “Gǔ Shù” (古树, Gǔ Shù) - “mitengo yakale” (kuyambira zaka 100 kupita m’tsogolo). Msinkhu wa mtengo umakhudza momwe masamba aliri ndi mankhwala, komanso kukoma, fungo ndi momwe tiyi amachitira. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo ukakhala waukulu, tiyi amakhala wovuta, wozama komanso wokhazikika.
- Chofunika: Kuzindikira ndendende msinkhu wa mtengo wamtiyi n’kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake zowerengera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zongoyerekeza. Ogulitsa ena osaona mtima amatha kukweza msinkhu wa mitengo kuti akweze mtengo wa tiyi.
Kukolola: Kukolola kumachitika makamaka m’chaka, komanso kumachitika m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja. Dà Shù Chá wa m’chaka ndiye amayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Mfundo ya kukolola: Zimatengera wopanga ndi mtundu wa tiyi. Akhoza kutola mphukira ndi masamba awiri apamwamba, komanso masamba okhwima. Kwa tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito masamba osalala okha.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Ndi zazikulu. Amagwiritsa masamba ndi mphukira zathanzi, zosawonongeka zokha, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ku mitengo yodziwika. Kutola kumachitidwa mosamala kwambiri, ndi manja.

4. Chigawo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chigawo cha Yúnnán: Chimadziwika ndi mapiri ake, nyengo yotentha komanso ya m’mapiri, dothi lachonde komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za tiyi.
Chigawo cha Fújiàn: Chimadziwika ndi wūlóng wake, koma posachedwapa kumeneku kukukulanso njira yosonkhetsa zopangira ku mitengo yakutchire ndi yakale.
Kutalika kumene kumera: Mitengo yakale yamtiyi imamera pamtunda wa mamita 1000 mpaka 2300 pamwamba pa nyanja komanso kupitirira.
Dothi: Losiyanasiyana, lolemera ndi mchere.
Nyengo: Yachinyontho, ndi mvula yambiri, nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifunga komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku.
Zachilengedwe: Mitengo yakale yamtiyi, nthawi zambiri, imamera m’madera aukhondo, kutali ndi mafakitale.
Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana: Mitengo yakale yamtiyi nthawi zambiri imamera pafupi ndi zomera zina, ndikupanga chilengedwe chokhazikika. Izi zimakhudza momwe masamba alili ndi mankhwala ndipo zimapatsa tiyi makhalidwe ake apadera a kukoma ndi fungo.
Makhalidwe apadera: Chofunika kwambiri pa Dà Shù Chá ndicho msinkhu wa mitengo yamtiyi ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe amene imamera. Amakhulupirira kuti mizu ya mitengo yakale imalowa pansi kwambiri, ndikutenga mchere ndi zakudya zochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa tiyi kukhala wothithikitsa komanso wothandiza. Komanso, malo achilengedwe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala opha tizirombo, amapatsa tiyi “ukali” wake wapadera ndi “chiwero” chake.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Luso la kupanga Dà Shù Chá limatengera mtundu weniweni wa tiyi (Shēng Pǔ’ěr, Shú Pǔ’ěr, wofiira, woyera ndi zina). Mfundo za onse:

Kulowerera mochepa: Cholinga chachikulu ndi kusunga monga momwe angathere makhalidwe achilengedwe a masamba a tiyi, omwe apatsidwa ndi chilengedwe.
Njira zachikhalidwe: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zopangira, zoyesedwa ndi nthawi.
Ntchito yamanja: Magawo ambiri opangira, makamaka kutola ndi kusanja, amachitidwa ndi manja.

6. Makhalidwe a Zam’kati:

Makhalidwe a zam’kati a Dà Shù Chá amatengera kwambiri mtundu weniweni wa tiyi (Shēng Pǔ’ěr, Shú Pǔ’ěr, wofiira, woyera ndi zina), msinkhu wa mitengo, chigawo, nyengo ya kukolola ndi luso lakapangidwe. Komabe, tingazindikire makhalidwe ena ofanana:

Maonekedwe: Zimatengera mtundu wa tiyi. Kwa Shēng Pǔ’ěrs, zikhalidwe ndi masamba akulu, ofewa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tsitsi. Kwa Shú Pǔ’ěrs - masamba obiriwira kwambiri. Kwa tiyi wofiira - masamba opoteka, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nsonga zagolide.
Fungo: Nthawi zambiri, ndi lozama, lovuta komanso lotha, kuposa la tiyi wa zitsamba zazing’ono. M’fungo mutha kumva zipatso zouma, maluwa, uchi, mtedza, matabwa, zokometsera, nthaka, buku lakale, kafolo ndi zina. Fungo limasintha malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi msinkhu.
Kukoma: Kolemera, kothithikitsa, kosiyanasiyana, kokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutsekemera, kuwawa pang’ono kapena kuipa pang’ono, kukoma kwakutha kwa nthawi yayitali, kokutidwa. Kukoma kumasinthanso malinga ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi msinkhu. Chikhalidwe chodziwika ndicho “ukali” wa kukoma, chimene n’chovuta kufotokoza ndi mawu, koma chimasiyanitsa tiyi wa mitengo yakale ndi wa m’minda.
Mtundu wa madzi: Zimatengera mtundu wa tiyi. Kwa Shēng Pǔ’ěrs - kuyambira wachikasu mopepuka mpaka wofiirira wachikasu, kwa Shú Pǔ’ěrs - wofiirira kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda, kwa tiyi wofiira - wofiirira wachikasu.
Pansi pa tiyi: Zimatengera mtundu wa tiyi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala masamba athunthu, osalala.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:

Dà Shù Chá, nthawi zambiri, amasiyana ndi kapangidwe kake kolemera poyerekeza ndi tiyi wa zitsamba zazing’ono:

Polifenols: Zili zambiri za polyphenols, m’gulu mwawo katekini, theaflavins, thearubigins.
Ma amino acids: Ali ndi ma amino acid ambiri, makamaka L-theanine.
Alkaloids: Kafeini, theobromini, theophyllini.
Mafuta onunkhira: Kapangidwe kovuta ka mafuta onunkhira, komwe kumapereka fungo losiyanasiyana.
Mavitamini: C, gulu B, E, K.
Mchere: Potaziyamu, fulayidi, manyeziyamu, manganese, ayoni, seleniyamu ndi zina.

8. Zothandiza Paumoyo:

Zothandiza za Dà Shù Chá zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa tiyi (Shēng, Shú, wofiira, woyera ndi zina) ndipo, monga amakhulupirira, zimakulitsidwa ndi msinkhu wa mitengo ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a kukula. Zothandiza zambiri paumoyo:

Mphamvu yayikulu ya antioxidant: Amateteza maselo ku kuwonongeka ndi ma free radicals, amachedwetsa kukalamba, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri.
Mphamvu yopatsa mphamvu: Imapatsa mphamvu, imathandiza kuganiza, imachotsa kutopa, koma imagwira ntchito mofewa poyerekeza ndi khofi.
Kuthandizira chakudya: Imalimbikitsa kugaya chakudya, imathandiza kuti chakudya chigayike.
Mtima ndi mitsempha: Ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino pa mtima ndi mitsempha.
Kuchotsa poizoni: Imathandiza kuchotsa poizoni m’thupi.
Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Imakulitsa mphamvu ya thupi kukana matenda.
Mphamvu yapadera: Okonda ambiri amazindikira mphamvu yapadera, yamphamvu yomwe tiyi wa mitengo yakale amapereka pa thupi ndi maganizo, yomwe imatchedwa “Chá Qì” (茶氣 - “chá qì”).

9. Kukhwasula:

Njira yokhwasulira Dà Shù Chá imatengera mtundu weniweni wa tiyi. Malangizo ambiri:

Kutentha kwa madzi: Kwa Shēng Pǔ’ěrs - 85-95°C, kwa Shú Pǔ’ěrs - 95-100°C, kwa tiyi wofiira - 90-95°C, kwa tiyi woyera - 70-85°C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5-7 magalamu pa 150-200 ml a madzi.
Zombo: Gàiwǎn, chifinyo chadothi cha ku Yíxīng, zombo za porcelain.
Ntchito: Kutenthetsa zombo, kutsuka tiyi (kwa pǔ’ěrs), kukhwasula mwa kutsanulira pang’onopang’ono ndikuwonjezera nthawi yopimira.
Kuchuluka kwa kutsanulira: Zimatengera mtundu wa tiyi ndi ubwino wa zopangira. Dà Shù Chá wabwino amatha kukhwasulidwa mobwerezabwereza (7-10 kapena kupitirira).

10. Kusunga:

Mawonekedwe a kusunga amatengera mtundu wa tiyi. Shēng Pǔ’ěrs, monga mitundu ina ya tiyi ya mitengo yakale, amapangidwa kuti akhale ndi nthawi yayitali ndi kukhwima. Amawasunga pamalo owuma, amdima, olowera mpweya wabwino, mu zombo “zopumira” (zamadothi, mpweya, pepala). Shú Pǔ’ěrs, tiyi wofiira ndi woyera amawasunga mu zombo zotsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma, ozizira, amdima.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza:

Dà Shù Chá ali m’gulu la tiyi wamtengo wapatali, wapamwamba. Mtengo wake wokwera umachokera ku:

Msinkhu wa mitengo: Zopangira za mitengo yakale ndizamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kochepa: Mitengo yakale yamtiyi siili yambiri.
Kuvutika kwa kutola: Kutola zopangira pa mitengo yakale, makamaka yakutchire, n’kovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri n’ngozi.
Ubwino wapamwamba wa zopangira: Mitengo yakale imapereka tiyi wokoma kwambiri, wonunkhira komanso wamphamvu.
Kufunika kwakukulu: Kufunikira Dà Shù Chá kumakulirakulira.

Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera ndi kutchuka pamsika, mwatsoka, pali zabodza ndi zotengera zambiri. Momwe mungapewire zabodza:

Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika bwino okha: Fufuzani malo ogulitsira tiyi apadera omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, omwe amasamalira makasitomala awo ndipo amatha kupereka mfundo zodalirika za komwe tiyi anachokera, msinkhu wa mitengo, wopanga.
Chenjerani ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri: Mtengo wokayikitsa wotsika - nthawi zonse ndi chizindikiro cha chinyengo. Dà Shù Chá weniweni sangakhale wotsika mtengo.
Yang’anani mosamala maonekedwe: Masamba ayenera kukhala athunthu, ogwirizana ndi momwe amafotokozera mtundu weniweni wa tiyi. Kukhalapo kwa masamba ambiri osweka, fumbi, zonyansa zikhalidwe ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wotsika.
Yesani fungo: Tiyi wouma ayenera kukhala ndi fungo lachikhalidwe la mtundu womwewo wa tiyi, popanda zonyansa.
Yesani madzi ake: Mtundu wa madzi, kukoma ndi fungo ziyenera kugwirizana ndi momwe anafotokozera.
Onani za msinkhu wa mitengo: Onani mfundo za msinkhu wa mitengo, ngati zatchulidwa. Kumbukirani kuti msinkhu n’wovuta kutsimikizira, chifukwa chake khulupirirani kwa anthu odziwika okha.
Gulani pang’ono poyesa: Musanagule katundu wochuluka wa tiyi wamtengo wapatali, tengani pang’ono kuyesa, kuti muyese ubwino wake.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Terroirs” za tiyi: Ku Yúnnán, monga mmene ziliri pa vinyo, amayamikira lingaliro la “terroir” - kusakanikirana kwa dothi ndi nyengo, zomwe zimakhudza kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi. Mapiri osiyanasiyana, mitsinje ndi ngakhale mitengo yokhayokha ikhoza kupereka tiyi ndi makhalidwe apadera.
Tiyi “wakuthengo”: Mitundu ina ya Dà Shù Chá imasonkhetsedwa ku mitengo yamtiyi yakutchire, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osowa kwambiri ndi amtengo wapatali.
Tiyi ndi thanzi: Mu mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China, tiyi wa mitengo yakale amayamikiridwa kuti ndi wothandiza kwambiri pa thanzi ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Mphamvu yamphamvu: Dà Shù Chá, makamaka Shēng Pǔ’ěrs, ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu pa thupi, chifukwa chake ayenera kumwa mosamala, kumvetsera momwe thupi lanu likumvera.

13. Madera Odziwika Olipira Dà Shù Chá ku Yúnnán:

Xīshuāngbǎnnà (Xishuangbanna):
- Yì Wǔ (Yiwu): Limodzi mwa madera otchuka kwambiri ndi odziwika bwino a tiyi, limadziwika ndi nkhalango zake zakale za tiyi. Shēng Pǔ’ěrs a ku Yì Wǔ ndi ena mwa amtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi ofunikira.
- Lǎo Bān Zhāng (Lao Ban Zhang): Mudzi womwe umadziwika ndi Shēng Pǔ’ěr wake wamphamvu, wothithikitsa komanso wokwera mtengo wa mitengo yakale.
- Bù Lǎng Shān (Bu Lang Shan): Dera lamapiri lomwe lili ndi mitengo yambiri yakale yamtiyi. Shēng Pǔ’ěrs a ku Bùlǎngshān amasiyana ndi kukoma kwamphamvu, kokwawa komanso mphamvu yayikulu.
- Mèng Sòng (Meng Song): Dera lina lodziwika lomwe lili ndi nkhalango zakale za tiyi. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kokhazikika ndi fungo.
- Bā Dá Shān (Bada Shan): Dera lamapiri, lomwe limadziwika ndi mitengo yamtiyi yakutchire.
- Nàkǎ (Naka): Mudzi umene amapanga Shēng Pǔ’ěr wotchuka wa mitengo yakale, womwe umasiyana ndi kukoma ndi fungo lovuta.
- Mánzhuān (蛮砖, Mánzhuān): Limodzi mwa “Mapiri Asanu ndi Limodzi Otchuka a Tiyi” akale.
- Yǐbāng (倚邦, Yǐbāng): Lina la “Mapiri Asanu ndi Limodzi Otchuka a Tiyi” akale, lomwe limadziwika ndi shēng pǔ’ěr wake wofewa koma wothithikitsa.
Líncāng (Lincang):
- Bīng Dǎo (Bing Dao): Mudzi wotchuka ndi Shēng Pǔ’ěr wake wa mitengo yakale. Tiyi wa ku Bīng Dǎo ndi wamtengo wapatali ndipo amayesedwa kuti ndi umodzi wa abwino kwambiri m’derali.
- Xīguī (Xigui): Amadziwika ndi Shēng Pǔ’ěr wake wamphamvu ndi wonunkhira.
- Mèngkù (Mengku): Limodzi mwa madera akulu omwe amapanga pǔ’ěr ku Líncāng.
Pǔ’ěr (Pu’er):
- Jǐng Mài (Jing Mai): Dera lamapiri lomwe lili ndi minda yakale ya tiyi.

14. Dà Shù Chá ndi Mwambo wa Tiyi:

Gōngfū Chá: Dà Shù Chá, makamaka Shēng Pǔ’ěrs, ndi abwino kwambiri kukhwasulira mwa njira ya Gōngfū Chá - mwambo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi wachi China. Njirayi imathandiza kutulutsa mosamala kukoma ndi fungo la tiyi, komanso kusangalala ndi ntchito yomweyi.
Zombo: Popanga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gàiwǎn kapena chifinyo chaching’ono cha dongo la ku Yíxīng.
Kuphatikiza ndi chakudya: Dà Shù Chá, nthawi zambiri, samakonda kuphatikiza ndi chakudya, kuti asasokoneze kukoma ndi fungo lake. Tiyi uyu ndi wabwino kumwa payekha, kusangalala ndi supu iliyonse.
Nthawi ya tsiku: Shēng Pǔ’ěrs a mitengo yakale ndiwabwino kumwa m’mawa chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yopatsa mphamvu. Shú Pǔ’ěrs ndi tiyi wofiira angamwe nthawi iliyonse.

15. Chiyembekezo cha Kukula:

Kufunikira kokulirakulira: Kufunikira kwa Dà Shù Chá kumakulirakulira ku China komanso kunja.
Kupereka kochepa: Kuchuluka kwa mitengo yakale yamtiyi ndi kochepa, ndipo mphamvu yawo yobereka ikuchepa ndi msinkhu.
Kukula kokhazikika: N’kofunika kusunga nkhalango zakale za tiyi ndikuchita njira zokhazikika za kutola ndi kupanga tiyi, kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo ipezenso mwayi wosangalala ndi mankhwalawa apadera.
Kuteteza ku zabodza: Pamene kutchuka kwa Dà Shù Chá kumakulirakulira, vuto la zabodza likukulirakulira. Njira zosiyanasiyana zotsimikizira zili mkupangidwa, koma njira yabwino ndi kugula tiyi kwa ogulitsa odziwika.

Pomaliza:

Dà Shù Chá ndi gulu lapadera la tiyi, lomwe limasonyeza mphamvu ndi nzeru za mitengo yakale yamtiyi, kukongola koyambirira kwa chilengedwe ndi miyambo yolemera kwambiri ya kulima tiyi ku chigawo cha Yúnnán. Uwu ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe amayamikira chenicheni, kuya kwa kukoma ndi fungo, mphamvu yamphamvu ndipo ali okonzeka kupita paulendo wosangalatsa m’dziko la nkhalango zakale za tiyi. Kuyesa Dà Shù Chá weniweni ndiko kukhudza mbiri, kumva kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndi kupeza chochitika chosayerekezeka cha tiyi. Ichi ndi choposa chakumwa chabe - ndi filosofi yathunthu, njira yodziŵira wekha ndi dziko lotizungulira.