Dà Jīn Yá Shú Pǔ'ěr

Dà Jīn Yá (大金芽, Dà Jīn Yá) — “Mphukira Zazikulu Zagolide” — ndi giredi yamalonda ya Shú Pǔ’ěr, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake: mphukira zazikulu, zokhuthala, zokutidwa ndi ubweya wagolide wofiirira (金毫, jīn háo). Ngati Gōng Tíng (宫廷) ndiwo kachigawo kakang’ono kopitilira pambuyo posankha, ndiye Dà Jīn Yá ndiwo gawo losankhidwa malinga ndi kukula ndi ubweya: mphukira zazikulu kwambiri, za “golide” kwambiri ndi mphukira wokhala ndi masamba 1–2 osatseguka. Zonsezi ndi giredi za mphukira za shú pǔ’ěr, koma zimagwira ntchito zosiyana: Gōng Tíng — “yaying’ono, yofewa, yoyera”; Dà Jīn Yá — “yayikulu, yochititsa chidwi, ya chokoleti”.

Monga Gōng Tíng, Dà Jīn Yá — simunali dzina lakale: ndi mawu amalonda omwe adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 2000 pagawo la premyamu la shú pǔ’ěr. Mulingo wa T/MHC 003-2020 sutanthauzira “大金芽” ngati giredi yovomerezeka; ndiye kuti ndi kagawo kakang’ono ka malonda, kamene kali pakati pa “宫廷” ndi “特级” pa zaubwino wa zopangira, koma amasanuka onse awiri pamawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi.

1. Kagawidwe ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tii wofufumitsidwa pambuyo (hēi chá, 黑茶). Shú Pǔ’ěr (熟普洱, Shú Pǔ’ěr) — “wokonzedwa”, wopangidwa kudzera mu chofufumitsa cha tizilombo tofulumira (渥堆, wò duī).

• Gulu: Giredi yamalonda ya mphukira ya Shú Pǔ’ěr. Sinalembedwe mwamalamulo ngati mulingo wosiyana mu T/MHC 003-2020 (mosiyana ndi “宫廷” ndi “特级”), koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opanga ndi ogulitsa kufotokoza magulu omwe amakhala ndi mphukira zazikulu zagolide. Malinga ndi kuberewa kwa zopangira — ili pakati pa “宫廷” (kakang’ono kwambiri) ndi “特级/一级” (masamba okulirapo).

• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Yúnnán (云南省). Madera akuluakulu: Mènghǎi (勐海), Líncāng (临沧), Pǔ’ěr (普洱), Jǐnghóng (景洪). Zipangizo zokhala ndi mphukira zazikulu zaubweya — nthawi zambiri zochokera ku Líncāng ndi Fèngqìng (凤庆), pomwe mtundu wa Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng (凤庆大叶种) umatulutsa mphukira zokhuthala kwambiri, zaubweya.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

• Mbiri:

Monga ma shú pǔ’ěr onse, Dà Jīn Yá adakhalako chifukwa cha teknoloji ya wò duī (渥堆, kuyika pachinyezi), yomwe idapangidwa mu 1973 pa fakitale ya tii ya Kūnmíng ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Wú Qǐyīng (吴启英), Zōu Bǐngliáng (邹炳良) wa fakitale ya Mènghǎi ndi Chén Pèirén (陈佩仁). Mbiri yonse ya kupangidwa kwa shú pǔ’ěr ilipo mu nkhani ya “Gōng Tíng Pǔ’ěr”.

Kusiyanitsidwa kwa “大金芽” monga chinthu cha malonda chosiyana kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 2000, pamene msika wa shú pǔ’ěr udasintha kuchoka pa unyinji kupita ku kusiyana: opanga anayamba kupereka osati “shú pǔ’ěr” basi, koma magiredi enieni ndi mitundu ya maonekedwe — “宫廷” (timphukira ting’onoting’ono), “金芽” ndi “大金芽” (mphukira zazikulu zagolide), “老茶头” (timphako) ndi zina. “大金芽” inakhala imodzi mwa zinthu zokongola kwambiri: mphukira zazikulu, zowala kwambiri, zaubweya zozungulira zimapangitsa chidwi chachikulu pawayilesi komanso mu kapu. Kutchuka kwa Dà Jīn Yá kunagwirizana ndi “kuphulika kwa pǔ’ěr” kwa 2005–2007, pamene mitengo ya tii waku Yúnnán idakwera maulendo angapo, ndipo ogula anayamba kuzindikira magiredi ndi timagulu.

N’zosangalatsa kuti mawu akuti “金芽” (mphukira zagolide) ndi akale kwambiri kuposa shú pǔ’ěr: m’nthawi ya Táng ndi Sòng, “金芽” ankatanthauza mphukira zabwino kwambiri za masika zoperekedwa ku nyumba yachifumu. Ponena za shú pǔ’ěr — uku ndi kufanizira kwa malonda ponena za kufunika kwa mbiri yakale kwa “achifumu” pa zipangizo za mphukira.

• Dzina: 大 (Dà) — “chachikulu”; 金 (Jīn) — “golide, wagolide”; 芽 (Yá) — “mphukira, budu”. Kugogomezera kukula (大 — “zazikulu”, mosiyana ndi zazing’ono za Gōng Tíng) ndi mtundu (金 — “zagolide” — ubweya wandiweyani wa golide wamawondo pa mphukira, womwe umatsalira pambuyo pa chofufumitsa).

• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dà Jīn Yá ndi shú pǔ’ěr “wa pawindo”: mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi amawapangitsa kukhala osankhidwa kwambiri pa mphatso ndi zowonetsera tii. Mosiyana ndi Gōng Tíng, kumene kufunika kwake kuli mu kubereka “kosawoneka”, kufunika kwa Dà Jīn Yá kuli mu kukongola “kowoneka”: mphukira zazikulu zagolide sizingavutike kuzindikira.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zipangizo:

• Mtundu / mtundu wobzalidwa: Yúnnán Dà Yè Zhǒng (云南大叶种) — Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Pankhani ya Dà Jīn Yá, mitundu yokhala ndi mphukira zazikulu kwambiri, zamnofu komanso ndi ubweya wambiri wagolide ndiyomwe imayamikiridwa: Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng (凤庆大叶种) — wotsogola pa za “ubweya” ndi kukula kwa mphukira; Mèngkù Dà Yè Zhǒng (勐库大叶种); Mènghǎi Dà Yè Zhǒng (勐海大叶种). Mphukira za Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng ndi zina mwa zazikulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yaku Yúnnán, ndi ubweya wagolide wofiirira womwe umatsalira ngakhale pambuyo pa masiku 45–60 a chofufumitsa.

• Kututa: Kututa kwa masika — ndiko kofunika kwambiri: mphukira ndi zokhuthala kwambiri komanso zaubweya. Mulingo ndi: mphukira imodzi kapena mphukira imodzi kuphatikiza masamba amodzi kapena awiri osatseguka (一芽一二叶初展). Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi Gōng Tíng: pa Dà Jīn Yá amasankha mphukira zazikulu kwambiri, pamene pa Gōng Tíng — zazing’ono kwambiri.

• Kusankha: Monga Gōng Tíng, Dà Jīn Yá — ndi giredi yosankhidwa: amasankhidwa kuchokera mu unyinji wa shú pǔ’ěr womalizidwa pambuyo pa chofufumitsa. Koma muyeso wake ndi wosiyana: osati kung’onong’ono, koma kukula + ubweya. Chotulukapo — chimakhalanso chochepa: osapitirira 10–15% ya mulu (mphukira zazikulu, zathunthu, zaubweya — sizili mbali yaikulu ya mulu).

4. Malo Okhala ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

• Madera: Líncāng (临沧) ndi Fèngqìng (凤庆) — magwero abwino a zipangizo za Dà Jīn Yá chifukwa cha mtundu wa Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng ndi mphukira zake zazikulu, zaubweya. Fèngqìng ndi limodzi mwa maboma akale kwambiri a ulimi wa tii ku Yúnnán: kuno kumamera “Jǐnxiù Chá Zǔmǔ” (锦绣茶祖母, Jǐnxiù Chá Zǔmǔ, “Agogo aakazi a tii [a ku] Jǐnxiù”) — mtengo wakale kwambiri padziko lonse wa tii wolimidwa (zaka zake zikulingaliridwa kukhala pafupifupi 3200). Ndi Fèngqìng komwe kudabadwa “Diānhóng” (滇红, tii wofiira wa Yúnnán): mu 1938, Féng Shàoqiú (冯绍裘) adapanga pano tii wofiira woyamba waku Yúnnán kuchokera kumitundu ya masamba akulu a m’deralo. “Nsonga zagolide” zaku Fèngqìng ndi chizindikiro cha Diānhóng ndi Dà Jīn Yá. Mènghǎi — n’kwa chofufumitsa (mafakitale okhala ndi “pansi yamoyo”). Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko iyi: zipangizo zochokera ku Líncāng / Fèngqìng → chofufumitsa ku Mènghǎi — kuphatikiza zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi tizilombo ting’onoting’ono tambwino tomwe.

• Kutalika: 1000–2000 m. Fèngqìng — makamaka 1500–1800 m, zomwe zimapereka ma amino acid ochuluka ndi fungo.

• Nyengo: Nyengo yotentha yamvula. Fèngqìng: kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ~16.5°C, mvula ~1400 mm, chinyezi >75%. Líncāng: ~17°C, ~1200 mm. Madera onsewa — ndi nkhungu zochuluka komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku.

• Dothi: Dothi lofiira lachikasu la laterite (pH 4.5–5.5). Dothi la ku Fèngqìng — pa mwala wa graniti, wokhala ndi mchere wambiri (chitsulo, zinki, manganese), zomwe zimawonekera mu “kumera” kwa kakomedwe.

• Chilengedwe: Fèngqìng ndi komwe kunabadwira mtundu wa “Diānhóng” (滇红), limodzi mwa madera akale a tii m’chigawochi. Líncāng — dera lalikulu kwambiri la mitengo yakale ya tii (古茶树) ku Yúnnán.

5. Ukadaulo Wopangira:

Ukadaulo ndi wofanana ndendende ndi wa shú pǔ’ěr wamba (zambiri — onani nkhani ya “Gōng Tíng Pǔ’ěr”). Magawo ofunika:

• Máochá (晒青毛茶): Kukhazikika → kukulunga → kuyanika padzuwa. Kwa Dà Jīn Yá — kuchokera ku zipangizo za masika ndi mphukira zazikulu.

• Kuyika pachinyezi (渥堆): masiku 45–60 (chikale) kapena masiku 90–120 (chofufumitsa chapang’onopang’ono). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tomwe timagwira ntchito: Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus, A. oryzae, yisiti, mabacillasi. Kwa magulu omwe ali ndi zipangizo zambiri za mphukira, miluyo nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying’ono (yochepera tani limodzi), ndipo kugwedezeka kumachitika kawirikawiri kuti mphukira zobereka zisatenthedwe.

• Kuyanika: Kufikira chinyezi ≤13%.

• Kusankha: Gawo lofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera mu unyinji wonse amasankha mphukira zazikulu, zathunthu, zaubweya zokhala ndi masamba 0–2. Muyeso si kung’onong’ono (monga kwa Gōng Tíng), koma kukula, kukhala kwathunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa ubweya wagolide. Kusankha pamanja ndi kofunikira.

• Kufinya (osafunikira): Nthawi zambiri Dà Jīn Yá amagulitsidwa wosafinya (散茶) — kuti wogula awone “mphukira zagolide”. Nthawi zina — mini tuóchá kapena bǐng aakulu.

6. Makhalidwe a Zimverera:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mphukira zazikulu, zokhuthala, zokutidwa ndi ubweya wowala kwambiri wa golide kapena wa mawondo. Mtundu — kuchokera ku golide-bulawuni kupita ku bulawuni wandiweyani ndi “chisanu” cha golide. M’maonekedwe — ndi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa magiredi onse a shú pǔ’ěr: mphukira zazikulu za “maluwa a golide” zomwazika zimapangitsa chidwi chachikulu.

• Fungo: “Lokoma” kwambiri ndi “lachipatso” kuposa Gōng Tíng. Mawu akuluakulu: chokoleti (chokoleti chakuda, ufa wa koko), zipatso zouma (nazi, maplamu, mapichesi owuma), uchi, shuga wopindika. Simalo amanunkha “nthaka” ndi “nkhuni” mofanana — mphukira zazikulu zokhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka zikatulutsidwa chofufumitsa zimapanga timagulu tambiri tomwe timatulutsa fungo la “zokoma” (furfural, maltol — zotuluka mu mayendedwe a Maillard). Kwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri — pali kanthu kakang’ono ka “mkhaka” (kuchokera ku ma lactone) ndi “vanila”. Pamene chomwera chikazizira — kutsalira kwa “uchi-mtedza”.

• Kakomedwe: Kofewa, kokoma, “kotereka”. Matupi amadzimadzi ochuluka kuposa Gōng Tíng — mphukira zazikulu zimatulutsa zinthu zambiri zotulutsa. Maziko a “chokoleti” okhala ndi mawu a zipatso. “Huí gān” (回甘, kutsekemera kobwerera) kooneka bwino. Kuwawa kochepa. Kakomedwe kotsalira — kotalikira, chokoleti-mtedza, kumaliza ndi “uchi”.

• Mtundu wa chotsukira: Wakuya wa amber mpaka rubi. Wowonekera bwino, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (油润). Mpongo pang’ono pa mtundu kuposa Gōng Tíng — chifukwa cha ubweya wochuluka womwe umapangitsa kuti chotsukira chikhale “chagolide”.

• Pansi pa tii: Mphukira zazikulu, zathunthu, zokhuthala za mtundu wa golide-mgomwali. Zofewa, zotanuka. Ubweya wagolide ukuoneka bwino.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati:

Mbiri yofanana ndi ma shú pǔ’ěr ena ochokera ku zipangizo za mphukira, koma ndi kusiyana kwapadera chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira:

• Theabrownins (茶褐素): 8–12% — pigment yayikulu. Pang’ono pansi pa Gōng Tíng (8–14%), chifukwa mphukira zazikulu zimafufumitsidwa pang’ono ndi “kuya”.
• Polyphenols: ~12–18% — pang’ono pamwamba pa Gōng Tíng (~10–15%), — mphukira zazikulu zimakhala ndi polyphenols ochuluka.
• Gallic acid: Yamwamba (chotuluka mu chofufumitsa).
• Ma amino acid: ~1.5–2% — pang’ono pamwamba pa magiredi ang’onoang’ono, chifukwa mphukira zazikulu za masika zimakhala ndi L-theanine wambiri.
• Caffeine: ~3.5–3.8%.
• Ma statin (lovastatin): Amakhalapo — amapangidwa ndi tizilombo panthawi ya chofufumitsa.
• Ma shuga osungunuka ndi pectin: Amphamvu. Mphukira zazikulu zokhala ndi masamba 1–2 zimakhala ndi ma cellulose ochuluka — gawo lochuluka la chakudya cha ma hydrolyze a bakiteriya kuti apange shuga ndi pectin. Chifukwa chake — matupi a chotsukira “ochuluka”.
• Zotulutsika m’madzi: ≥30% malinga ndi T/MHC 003-2020.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Wofanana ndi ma shú pǔ’ěr ena (zambiri — onani nkhani ya “Gōng Tíng Pǔ’ěr”):

• Kuchepetsa mafuta m’magazi: Theabrownins + ma statin (lovastatin) — njira ziwiri zochepetsera LDL-cholesterol. Shú pǔ’ěr — tii yokhayo yokhala ndi ma statin achilengedwe.
• Kutenthetsa: “Wotentha” (温性) mu TCM. Amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu okhala ndi thupi “lozizira”, nthawi yozizira, pambuyo pozizira.
• Kuthandiza chakudya: Ma enzyme a bakiteriya (pectinase, cellulase, lipase) amathandizira kugaya mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Mwachikhalidwe — pambuyo pa chakudya chamafuta, chokwanira. Amatchuka kwambiri ku Guǎngdōng ndi Hong Kong ngati tii “wa pambuyo pa chakudya”.
• Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Gallic acid (yokwera pambuyo pa chofufumitsa) + polyphenols otsala + theabrownins — gulu lophatikizana la antioxidant itatu. Dà Jīn Yá, yokhala ndi polyphenols opamwamba pang’ono (~12–18% vs ~10–15% ya Gōng Tíng), itha kukhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo ya antioxidant.
• Mphamvu zofewa: Caffeine (~3.7%) womwe ali m’gulu logwirizana ndi pectin ndi theabrownins — kudzutsa kwapang’onopang’ono kopanda “kugunda kwa khofi”.
• Chofunika: Si mankhwala. Osati panthawi yopanda kanthu m’mimba (angakwiyitse mkamwa). 5–8 g/tsiku.

9. Kuwiritsa:

• Kutentha: 95–100°C (madzi otentha owira).

• Kuchuluka: 5–7 g pa 100–150 ml (gōngfū); 3–4 g pa 200 ml (wamba).

• Ziwiya: Mphika wa Yíxīng — ndiwo abwino kwambiri. Gàiwǎn — poyesa. Kwa Dà Jīn Yá, mphika wagalasi umakhalanso wabwino — umalola kuyang’ana mphukira zazikulu zagolide “zikuvina” m’madzi.

• Ndondomeko (kayendedwe ka gōngfū):

  1. Tenthetsani ziwiya.
  2. Thirani 5–7 g ya tii.
  3. Kutsuka — 1–2 kutsanulira (masekondi 3–5).
  4. Kutsanulira koyamba — masekondi 10–15. Mopitirira pang’ono kuposa kwa Gōng Tíng: mphukira zazikulu zimatulutsa pang’onopang’ono.
  5. Kutsanulira 2–5 — masekondi 10–20.
  6. Kutsanulira 6–10 — +10–15 masekondi.
  7. Dà Jīn Yá amatha kutsanulira 7–10 — ochuluka kuposa Gōng Tíng (5–8), chifukwa cha zipangizo zokulirapo.

• Chosiyana: Mosiyana ndi Gōng Tíng, Dà Jīn Yá ndi “wololera” kwambiri pamene watsalira nthawi yayitali: mphukira zazikulu zimatulutsa zinthu zotulutsika pang’onopang’ono, ndipo ngakhale atatsanulira kwa masekondi 20 samakhala “othithina”. Koma kuti muthe kupeza “chokoleti” kwambiri — ndi bwino kutsanulira mwachidule. Pambuyo pa kutsanulira 5–6, mutha kusintha kupita ku kuphika (煮茶): mphukira zazikulu zimagwira bwino kuwira, kutulutsa kutsekemera kozama kwa shuga wopindika.

• Kuphatikiza ndi chakudya: Dà Jīn Yá — ndi imodzi mwa ma shú pǔ’ěr ochepa omwe angalimbikitsidwe ngati tii “wokometsa”: mbiri yake ya chokoleti-zipatso imagwirizana bwino ndi chokoleti chakuda, mtedza, zipatso zouma ndi tchizi zofewa. Mwachikhalidwe — pambuyo pa chakudya cholemetsa.

10. Kusunga:

Kofanana ndi ma shú pǔ’ěr ena:

• Kutentha: Kutentha kwa chipinda (15–30°C). Popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi.
• Chinyezi: 40–70%. Yowuma kwambiri — tii “imauma”, imataya “thupi”; yonyowa kwambiri — nkhungu.
• Chidebe: Zoumba, makatoni, dothi. Osati mtambo — shú pǔ’ěr “amapuma”. Dà Jīn Yá nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m’mitsuko yagalasi yowonekera chifukwa cha kukongola — izi ndi zololedwa kwakanthawi kochepa (miyezi 1–2), koma posungira nthawi yayitali — ndi bwino kusunga chidebe chosawonekera.
• Kuwala: Pewani dzuŵa lachindunji. Ma UV amawononga ma pigment ndi ubweya.
• Funso: Kutsekeredwa kotheratu — mphukira zazikulu zaubweya zimalowetsa fungo mosavuta.
• Nthawi yake: Zopanda malire. Wachinyamata (zaka 1–2 — pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa fungo la “堆味”), wokhwima (zaka 3–7 — bwino kwambiri pa za “chokoleti” ndi “kusalala”), wokalamba (zaka 10+ — “kutereka” kwakukulu).

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Dà Jīn Yá — ndi wokwera mtengo, koma wotsika pang’ono kuposa Gōng Tíng. Chifukwa: kutuluka kwa mphukira zazikulu — 10–15% ya mulu (kusiyana ndi 5–10% kwa Gōng Tíng). Wachinyamata kuchokera ku táidìchá — kuyambira 400 yuán/500 g; gǔshù — kuyambira 1200; wokalamba — kuyambira 2500.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Mphukira zazikulu, zathunthu zokhala ndi ubweya wandiweyani wagolide. Zidutswa zazing’ono zopanda ubweya — zikulakwitsa.
  • Fungo — “la chokoleti”, “la zipatso”, popanda mawu a “nsomba” kapena “nkhungu”.
  • Chotsukira — chowonekera bwino, choyera, chamtundu wa amber-rubi, ndi konyezimira ngati mafuta.
  • Pansi pa tii — mphukira zazikulu zathunthu, osati “phala” la tizidutswa tating’ono.
  • Mphukira “zopakidwa utoto”: Ena mwa opanga amawonjezera tii wofiira (Diānhóng) mu shú pǔ’ěr pofuna “kugolide” mowoneka. Chizindikiro chake ndi — kuwala kosazolowereka kwa ubweya + fungo la “uchi”, lomwe silili la shú.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

• “Zagolide” vs “Zachifumu”. Gōng Tíng (宫廷) ndi Dà Jīn Yá (大金芽) — onse ndi magiredi a mphukira a shú pǔ’ěr, koma kusankha kwawo kumatsutsana: Gōng Tíng — ndiwo mphukira zazing’ono kwambiri; Dà Jīn Yá — zazikulu kwambiri. Gōng Tíng — “silika”; Dà Jīn Yá — “velveti”.

• Fèngqìng — kwawo kwa “golide”. Mtundu wa Fèngqìng Dà Yè Zhǒng (凤庆大叶种) — ndiwo gwero lalikulu la zipangizo za Dà Jīn Yá. Mtundu womwewu — ndiye maziko a Diānhóng wotchuka (滇红, tii wofiira wa Yúnnán): “nsonga zagolide” zaku Fèngqìng ndizo zidapangitsa Diānhóng kukhala imodzi mwa tii wofiira owoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lonse. Dà Jīn Yá — “chotuluka mu shú pǔ’ěr cha Diānhóng”.

• Tii “wa pawindo”. Dà Jīn Yá — ndiimodzi mwa ma shú pǔ’ěr ochepa omwe amagulidwa “ndi maso”: mphukira zazikulu zagolide zozungulira zimapangitsa chidwi nthawi yomweyo. M’masitolo a tii aku China, Dà Jīn Yá nthawi zambiri amawayika m’mitsuko yowonekera pawindo — ngati “chiphaso chowonetsa” cha gulu la shú pǔ’ěr.

• Ubweya pambuyo pa chofufumitsa. Ubweya wagolide (金毫) pa mphukira ndiwo ma trichome (timakeyala) tomwe timakuta mphukira zazing’ono. Mwa tii yambiri, ubweya umatayika pakukonza; mu shú pǔ’ěr — umatsalira pang’ono ngakhale pambuyo pa masiku 45–60 a chofufumitsa, kusintha mtundu kuchoka ku siliva kupita ku golide-wamawondo (kutha kwa polyphenols mu ubweya). Ubweya ukakhala wochuluka pa tii womalizidwa — zipangizo zoyambirira zidali zobereka kwambiri.

• “Pǔ’ěr wa chokoleti”. Dà Jīn Yá amafotokozedwa kuti ndi “wa chokoleti” kuposa ma shú pǔ’ěr ena — osati chifukwa chakuti wowonjezera koko, koma chifukwa mphukira zazikulu zokhala ndi ma amino acid ochuluka zikafufumitsidwa zimatulutsa zotuluka mu mayendedwe a Maillard, zomwe zimafanana ndi fungo la nyemba za koko.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi magiredi ena ndi mitundu ina ya Shú Pǔ’ěr:

• Gōng Tíng (宫廷): Mphukira tating’ono kwambiri. Kakomedwe “koyera”, “kofewa”, “ka silika”. “Thupi” lochepa. Kutsanulira 5–8. Dà Jīn Yá — yayikulu, ya “chokoleti” kwambiri, yochuluka, 7–10 kutsanulira.

• Tèjí (特级): Mphukira + masamba aang’ono. Ubweya wochepa kuposa Dà Jīn Yá. Mbiri “yofanana” kwambiri. Dà Jīn Yá — yowoneka bwino, ndi mkhalidwe “wa zipatso” kwambiri.

• Lǎo Chá Tóu (老茶头): Chinthu chosiyana kotheratu — timphako ta pectin. Kakomedwe kochepa kwambiri, ka “msuzi”. Dà Jīn Yá — “ka velveti”, “ka chokoleti”, kopanda “kamsuzi”.

• Suì Yín Zǐ (碎银子): Timadontho topukutidwa ndi fungo la “mpunga”. Gulu losiyana. Dà Jīn Yá — mphukira zenizeni zokhazikika popanda kukonzedwanso.

• Diānhóng Jīn Yá (滇红金芽): Tii wofiira kuchokera ku “nsonga zagolide” zomwezo za Fèngqìng. Wofufumitsidwa mokwanira (kusiyana ndi wofufumitsidwa pambuyo kwa Dà Jīn Yá). Diānhóng — “wa uchi”, “wa chimera”; Dà Jīn Yá — “wa chokoleti”, “wa nthaka”.

Pomaliza:

Dà Jīn Yá Shú Pǔ’ěr — ndi tii wogulidwa kawiri: choyamba — ndi maso, kenako — ndi lilime. Mphukira zazikulu zagolide, zomwazika patebulo ngati tinthu tagolide kuchokera kumapiri a Yúnnán, — izi ndiye chithunzi choyamba, lonjezo losoneka la ubwino. Chachiwiri — mu kapu: maziko a chokoleti okhala ndi mawu a zipatso, kapangidwe ka velveti, kutsekemera kobwerera kosatha ndi mapeto a uchi. Dà Jīn Yá si mpikisano kwa Gōng Tíng, koma “galasi” lake: pamene Gōng Tíng amagonjetsa ndi kung’onong’ono ndi kubereka, Dà Jīn Yá amagonjetsa ndi kukula ndi “kuya kwa chokoleti”. Onse awiri — nsonga za piramidi ya shú pǔ’ěr, koma amayang’ana mbali zosiyana: wina — mkati (kubereka kosawoneka), winayo — kunja (kukongola kowoneka). “Maluwa a golide” aku Fèngqìng, omwe adapulumuka masiku 45–60 a chofufumitsa ndikusunga ubweya wawo, — ndi umboni wakuti kubereka kumatha kukhala kolimba.