Bānán yín zhēn

Bānán yín zhēn (巴南银针, Bānán yín zhēn) ndi tiyi wamtengo wapatali wobiriwira wa singano wochokera ku dera la Bānán mumzinda wa Chongqing, chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi wa mzinda waukuluwu. Tiyiyu amalimidwa pa phiri la Báixiàng (白象山, “Njovu Yoyera”) pa utali wa 800–1200 m, m’chigwa chamtambo cha Míngyuè (明月山), ndipo amapangidwa motsatira luso losaphatikizika ndi chikhalidwe cha “Bānán cháyè zhìzuò jìyì” (巴南茶叶制作技艺), lomwe lapita m’mibadwo inayi ya akatswiri. Masamba owongoka, oonda, okhala ndi ubweya wasiliva, akathira madzi amaimirira mozungulira ndipo pang’onopang’ono amamira pansi — mawonekedwe ofanana ndi “mvula ya masana yamasika” ndipo adapatsa tiyiyu udindo wa “tiyiyo yekhayo wovomerezeka wa Msonkhano wa Mameya a Mizinda ya Asia-Pacific” (2005), chizindikiro cha malo (2011) ndi mphoto ya golide pa Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha Zakudya Zobiriwira cha China (2022).

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosabulidwa. Ndi wa tiyi wobiriwira wa singano (针形绿茶, zhēnxíng lǜchá). Mwaluso amaphatikiza kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha, kumene kuumitsa kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kumapeto — njira yapadera ya “初干以烘代炒” (chūgān yǐ hōng dài chǎo — “kuumitsa koyamba ndi mpweya wotentha mmalo mwa kuwotcha”).

• Gulu: Ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo cholembedwa (国家地理标志商标注册, 2011). Ndi “Chomera Chodziwika Kwambiri chaulimi cha China” (中国名牌农产品). Adalembedwa mu “Kaundula Wapadziko Lonse wa Zomera Zaulimi Zodzipatula, Zapadera, Zabwino ndi Zatsopano” (全国名特优新名录). Luso lopanga la “Bānán cháyè zhìzuò jìyì” (巴南茶叶制作技艺) lidalembedwa mu Kaundula wa Cholowa Chosaoneka cha Chikhalidwe cha Chongqing (重庆市非物质文化遗产, 2009). Mu 2004, njira yokonza idalandira chiphaso chachitetezo chadziko (国家发明专利). Wapambana mphoto zambiri mumpikisano monga “Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯, mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wa 6 ndi 7), “Huá Míng Bēi” (华茗杯, golide), “Sānxiápéi” (三峡杯, golide). Ndi “Chizindikiro Chakale cha Chongqing” (重庆老字号). Ndi tiyiyo yekhayo wosankhidwa mwalamulo wa Msonkhano wa Mameya a Mizinda ya Asia-Pacific (亚太城市市长峰会唯一指定用茶, 2005) ndi Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha Shanghai (上海世博会指定用茶, 2010). Mtengo wa chizindikiro cha “Bānán yín zhēn” ukuyembekezeredwa kukhala 1.41 biliyoni yuan.

• Chiyambi: China, mzinda wapakati wa Chongqing (重庆市, Chóngqìng Shì), dera la Bānán (巴南区, Bānán Qū). Malo apakati opangira ndi phiri la Báixiàng (白象山, Báixiàng Shān) m’tauni ya Èrshèng (二圣镇, Èrshèng Zhèn), m’mphepete mwa mapiri a Míngyuè (明月山脉).

• Malo ake: Pafupifupi 29°30′ kumpoto, 106°42′ kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

• Mbiri: Mwambo wa tiyi wa Bānán uli ndi mizu yozama. Lù Yǔ (陆羽) m’buku lake la “Tiyi wa Tiyi” (《茶经》, m’zaka za zana la 8) analemba: “Tiyi ndi mtengo wolemekezeka wa kumwera… M’mapiri a Bā ndi m’mphepete mwa [Yangtze] muli mitengo imene anthu awiri okha angathe kuikumbatira” (其巴山峡川有两人合抱者) — umboni weniweni wa ukalamba wa kulima tiyi m’derali, komwe kuli Chongqing wamakono.

  Nthawi ya Qing — kupanga choyambirira. Kumapeto kwa ufumu wa Qing (zaka za zana la 19) m’dera la Bānán adapanga tiyi wotchedwa “Dìngxīn Bāyú Yínzhēn” (定心巴渝银针, “Singano wa Siliva wa Bāyú [wochokera ku Dìngxīn]”). Komabe, chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi zipolowe zandale m’zaka za zana la 20, luso limeneli linatayika.

  Kubwezeretsa ndi kukhazikitsa chizindikiro (zaka za 1980–1990). M’zaka za 1980, akatswiri a kampani ya “Èrshèng Cháyè” (二圣茶业公司, yomwe tsopano ili m’gulu la “Chongqing Tea Group” — 重茶集团) adayamba kubwezeretsa luso lomwe linatayika. Mu 1990, mpukutu woyesa unatulutsidwa, ndipo mu 1995 tiyiyu adapatsidwa dzina lovomerezeka la “Bānán yín zhēn” (巴南银针) ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa.

  Kuvomerezedwa ndi kukula (zaka za 2000 mpaka pano). Mu 2004, njira yopangira idatetezedwa ndi chiphaso chachitetezo chadziko — kutsimikizira luso lalikulu: “杀青中度偏嫩、初干以烘代炒” (kuphika masamba obiriwira m’njira yofatsa, kuumitsa koyamba ndi mpweya wotentha mmalo mwa kuwotcha). Mu 2005, tiyiyu adakhala wokhayo wosankhidwa mwalamulo wa Msonkhano wa Mameya a Mizinda ya Asia-Pacific — chochitika chomwe chinatulutsa chizindikirochi padziko lonse. Mu 2009, luso la “Bānán cháyè zhìzuò jìyì” lidalembedwa mu Kaundula wa Cholowa Chosaoneka cha Chikhalidwe cha Chongqing. Kupatsirana kwa luso kumasungidwa ndi Liú Guānlù (刘观禄) — mlimi wa tiyi wobadwa nawo, woimira mbadwo wachinayi wa akatswiri. Mu 2011, chizindikiro cha malo chinaperekedwa. Pofika mu 2017, dera la minda ya tiyi ku Bānán lidafika 40,000 mu (~2,670 ha), ndipo pachaka amatulutsa matani 3,040. Zokolola zake zimatumizidwa ku Denmark, United States ndi maiko ena.

• Dzina:

  • “Bānán” (巴南) — “Kumwera kwa [mayiko a] Bā”. Dera la Bānán lili kumwera kwa Chongqing — malo omwe kale anali a ufumu wakale wa Bā (巴国, Bāguó, zaka za m’ma 1000 BC). Dzina la “Bā” (巴) ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha dera la Chongqing, ndipo dzina la tiyiyu limatsindika mgwirizanowu mwadala.
  • “Yín zhēn” (银针) — “Singano wa Siliva”. Limafotokoza mawonekedwe a tsamba lokonzeka: lowongoka, lopyapyala, lophimbidwa ndi ubweya wasiliva, lofanana ndi singano wonyezimira. Dzina la “yínzhēn” mu mwambo wa tiyi wa China limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri — wochokera ku mphukira imodzi kapena mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langotseguka.

• Kufunika kwake pachikhalidwe: Bānán yín zhēn ndi amodzi mwa zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zinayi za tiyi za Chongqing (pamodzi ndi Yǒngchuān Xiùyá, Nánchuān Gǔshùchá ndi Jīmíng Gòngchá). Dera la Bānán m’mbuyomu linali “dera la tiyi” la Chongqing: “Kale ku Bānán pafupifupi banja lililonse linkapanga tiyi” — akukumbukira bwana Liú Guānlù. Munda wa tiyi wa “Dìngxīn” (定心茶园) pa phiri la Báixiàng wakhala amodzi mwa malo okopa alendo akunja kwa Chongqing, kumene chaka chilichonse amachita “Chikondwerero cha Kuthyola Tiyi” (采茶节), chomwe chimakopa alendo zikwizikwi. Mu 2019, “Dìngxīn” adavomerezedwa kuti ndi “Munda Wokongola Kwambiri wa Tiyi mu China” (中国最美丽茶园) ndi bungwe la China Association for the Promotion of International Agricultural Cooperation.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zakudya:

• Mtundu / Mphukira: Mitundu ingapo ya Camellia sinensis imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

  • Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) — ndi mphukira yayikulu, C. sinensis var. sinensis. Imapereka ubweya wambiri, ubweya woyera wochuluka ndi mbiri yabwino ya amino acid.
  • Bāyú Tèzǎo (巴渝特早, Bāyú Tèzǎo) — mphukira yoyambira msanga kwambiri, yomwe idalembedwa mu kaundula wa mitundu yaboma ya tiyi (国家级良种). Imalola kuthyola kumapeto kwa February kapena koyambirira kwa March.
  • Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng (云南大叶种) — mphukira yothandizira yamphamvu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magulu ena. Zambiri za mankhwala a tsamba latsopano: polyphenols ≥19.8%, zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi ≥47.4% — chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri chosonyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamkati.

• Kuthyola: 100% ya zakudya za “Bānán yín zhēn” zimathyoledwa chisanafike Qīngmíng (明前, pafupifupi 5 April). Magulu amtengo wapatali kwambiri amachokera ku “flesh” yoyamba ya masika (mphukira yoyamba pambuyo pa dzinja), yomwe imathyoledwa kumapeto kwa February — koyambirira kwa March (chifukwa cha mphukira ya Bāyú Tèzǎo).

• Muyezo wothyola:

  • Gawo la “mphukira imodzi” (单芽级): mphukira zokha zokwanira, zosafulumira za kuthyola koyamba kwa masika. Gawo lapamwamba kwambiri, mtengo — kuyambira 2000 yuan pa jin.
  • Mtundu wapamwamba (特级): mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langotseguka pang’ono (一芽一叶初展).
  • Mtundu woyamba (一级): mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi.
  • Mtundu wachiwiri (二级): mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri.

• Zofunika pa zakudya: Mphukira zatsopano, zofanana, zosawonongeka. Kuthyola pamanja. Kukonza — tsiku lomwelo.

4. Malo ndi Zinthu Zapadera za Kulima:

• Nyengo: Phiri la Báixiàng lili m’dera la nyengo yotentha komanso yamvula ya monsoon, yodziwika bwino ku Chongqing. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka — 18–20°C. Chinyezi chochepera — ≥75%. Masiku a chifunga amaposa 200 pachaka. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa usana ndi usiku kumalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa amino acid m’mphukira. Kuchuluka kwa amino acid mu tiyi wa masika — ≥3.10% — chiwerengero chomwe chimalongosola kunenepa ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu kwa kukoma.

• Kutalika kwa kumera: 800–1200 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Pakatikati pa kupanga ndi dera lapamwamba la 800–1000 m pa phiri la Báixiàng, lomwe lili m’chigwa cha mtambo (云雾带).

• Nthaka: Nthaka yachikasu (黄壤, huáng rǎng) yokhala ndi pH 4.5–6.0, yodzala ndi humus ndi michere yambiri, kuphatikizapo selenium. Minda ya tiyi ili m’dera lotetezedwa la madzi (水源保护区). Manyowa opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi oletsedwa; dongosolo lachilengedwe la “nkhumba → biogas → tiyi” (猪—沼—茶 ecological cycle) lakhazikitsidwa.

• Pakatikati pa kupanga: Malo apadziko lonse oberekera mitundu yabwino ya tiyi a “Báixiàng” (白象山国家级茶树良种繁育基地) m’tauni ya Èrshèng, dera la Bānán. Dera lonse ndi 20,000+ mu (~1,340 ha), kuphatikizapo minda 4,000 mu yowonetsera mwachitsanzo. Munda wa tiyi uli ndi stations ya zanyengo yoyang’anira kutentha, mvula, chinyezi ndi kuwala.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Bānán yín zhēn amapangidwa motsatira njira yovomerezeka ndi chiphaso (chiphaso chadziko cha 2004), yomwe ili ndi magawo 37 a ntchito (工序). Zatsopano zazikulu: “kukazinga masamba obiriwira mofatsa” (杀青中度偏嫩) — kukonza mofewa popanda kuwotcha kwambiri; “kuumitsa koyamba ndi mpweya wotentha mmalo mwa kuwotcha” (初干以烘代炒) — kusunga ubweya woyera ndi kupanga mawonekedwe a “singano”. Njira imeneyi imaphatikiza ntchito zamakina ndi zamanja ndipo imapatsiridwa ngati cholowa chosaoneka.

• Kuyala (摊放 — tān fàng): Mphukira zimayalidwa mosanjikiza pang’ono kwa maola 4–8. Kuyala kwanthawi yayitali ndi chizindikiro chapadera cha luso la Bānán yín zhēn: panthawiyi chinyezi chimachepa, fungo la chestnut limayamba kumvekera, ndipo tsamba limakhala lotha kupindika.

• “Kupha masamba obiriwira” (杀青 — shāqīng): M’ngolo yozungulira pa ~150°C kapena kugwiritsa ntchito microwave. Amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo: “tsamba lofewa — kukonza mwamphamvu; tsamba lokhwima — kukonza mofewa” (嫩叶老杀，老叶嫩杀). Njira yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi yofatsa (中度偏嫩), kuti asunge kutsitsimuka kwakukulu.

• Kupindika (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kupindika pang’ono kuti apange mawonekedwe oyambira popanda kuwononga ubweya.

• Kupindikanso (复揉 — fùróu): Ntchito yowonjezera yokhwimitsa kapangidwe ka tsamba.

• Kuumba — “kokokera mzere ndi kukweza ubweya” (理条提毫 — lǐtiáo tíháo): Gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limatsimikiza mawonekedwe a “singano”. Tsamba limawongoka, nkupangidwa kukhala “singano” wochepa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ubweya woyera “umakwezedwa” pamwamba (提毫), kupanga kuwala kwa siliva.

• Kuumitsa (烘干 — hōnggān): Kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha kufikira chinyezi chochepera 5%. Pa gawo limeneli ndipamene kusintha kwatsopano kwa “以烘代炒” kumatsatiridwa — kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha mmalo mwa kuwotcha kumapeto, zomwe zimasunga kufatsa kwa ubweya ndi fungo loyera.

• Kukonza komaliza ndi kutenthetsa (精制·提香 — jīngzhì · tíxiāng): Kusanja mosamala + kutenthetsa komaliza kuti “fungo likwezedwe” ndikutsimikizira fungo la chestnut.

6. Zizindikiro za Kamvedwe Kake:

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: “Singano” zowongoka, zoonda (挺直似针, tǐngzhí sì zhēn), zophimbidwa ndi ubweya wasiliva wochuluka (绿润披毫, lǜ rùn pī háo). Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi kuwala kwa siliva. Masamba ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi osalala.

• Fungo la tsamba louma: Chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — ndi fungo lalikulu. Limatsatiridwa ndi kutsitsimuka kwa zobiriwira zoyera (清香, qīngxiāng) ndi fungo la “ubweya” losalala lofanana ndi chimanga chaching’ono (毫香/玉米香).

• Fungo la madzi: Fungo lalikulu la chestnut, lokhazikika ndi lalitali. Kwa magulu apamwamba — limakhala ndi fungo la uchi lowonjezera.

• Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kofewa (鲜醇, xiānchún), ndi kutsekemera kowoneka, komwe kumakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali (甘爽, gānshuǎng). Kupweteka pang’ono kumasanduka kutsekemera mwachangu (微涩速化). Thupi lake ndi lapakati, “lonyowa”. Kubwerera kwa kutsekemera (回甘) ndi kowala ndi kosalekeza.

• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wachikasu, wowala ndi wowonekera bwino (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng).

• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Wobiriwira wofewa, wofanana (嫩绿匀整). Mphukira ndi zonse ndi “zamoyo” (芽叶鲜活). Akathira madzi mu kapu yagalasi, amawona “kuvina kwa singano” kwapadera: masamba amaimirira mozungulira, kenako pang’onopang’ono amamira pansi — mawonekedwe amene asanduka chizindikiro chooneka cha Bānán yín zhēn.

7. Mankhwala Amitundu:

• Polyphenols (catechins): ≥19.8%. Chiwerengero chokwanira, chomwe chimapereka kukoma kofewa popanda kupweteka kwambiri — zotsatira za kukazinga kofatsa kwa masamba obiriwira.

• Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi: ≥47.4% — chimodzi mwazochuluka kwambiri pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa China, zosonyeza kuchuluka kwapadera kwa zinthu zosungunuka.

• Amino acid (kuphatikizapo L-theanine): ≥3.10% mu tiyi wa masika. Kuchuluka kwake — ndi chinthu chofunikira cha “kunenepa” ndi kutsekemera kwa kukoma.

• Alkaloids: Caffeine (wochuluka mopitirira muyeso), theobromine, theophylline.

• Selenium (Se): 0.15–0.35 mg/kg. Nthaka ya Báixiàng imakhala ndi selenium, yomwe imadzikundika mwachilengedwe m’tsamba la tiyi.

• Mavitamini: Vitamin C, mavitamini a gulu B (B1, B2), vitamin E, vitamin K.

• Mcherera: Potassium, magnesium, zinc, fluoride.

8. Ubwino Wake ku Umoyo:

• Kuteteza khungu: Polyphenols (~20%) amapereka kutetezedwa kwa ma free radicals.
• Kudzutsa thupi: Kuphatikiza kwa caffeine ndi L-theanine (≥3.10% amino acid) — kumadzutsa mofewa, mwamtendere ndi kukonza kuganiza.
• Kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mafuta: Catechins amathandizira kuthyola mafuta ndi kuyeretsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.
• Kuwonjezera selenium: Kuchuluka kwa Se (0.15–0.35 mg/kg) — ndiwowonjezera pa chitetezo cha thupi ndi kuteteza kwa antioxidant.
• Kuthandizira chakudya: Polyphenols amalimbikitsa kagayidwe kachakudya.
• Kutsitsimula: Zotsatira zoziziritsa za tiyi wobiriwira — zothandiza kwambiri mu nyengo yotentha ndi yamvula ya Chongqing.

9. Kuthira Madzi:

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90°C pa kapu yagalasi; 80–85°C pa gaiwan. Pa mtundu wapamwamba — osaposa 85°C. Kutentha kwambiri (>90°C) kumawononga kutsitsimuka ndipo kumayambitsa kuwawa.

• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml (kapu yagalasi, chiŵerengero 1:50).

• Chotengera: Kapu yagalasi (玻璃杯) — ndiyo yabwino kwambiri: imalola kuwona “kuvina kwa singano za siliva”, pamene masamba amaimirira mozungulira m’madzi ndi pang’onopang’ono kumira pansi — zotsatira zimene Bānán yín zhēn amayamikiridwa nazo kwambiri. Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain — ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pofuna kusonkhanitsa fungo.

• Ndondomeko:

  1. Tenthetsani kapu ndi madzi otentha.
  2. Ikani tiyi.
  3. Thirani madzi (85–90°C). Osasakaniza — aloleni “singano” ziimirire zokha.
  4. Yang’anani “kuvina” kwa mphindi 2–3: masamba adzakwera ndi kuimirira mozungulira, kenako pang’onopang’ono amira pansi.
  5. Kutira koyamba kwakonzeka kulawa pakatha mphindi 2–3.
  6. Kwa gaiwan: kutsanulira koyamba — masekondi 10, kenako nkhani yowonjezera — +5–10 masekondi. Imapirira kutira kwa 4.

10. Kusunga:

• Kutseka mosamala, kuteteza ku kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo.
• Njira yabwino kwambiri — m’firiji pa 0–5°C mu phukusi losindikizidwa.
• Tiyi watsopano akuyenera “kupumula” masiku 15 pamalo amdima, ozizira kuti athetse “kutentha” (火气).
• Pambuyo potsegula — agwiritse ntchito mkati mwa masiku 7 (.) kuti asunge fungo lake mokwanira. Bānán yín zhēn ndi tiyi wokhala ndi fungo losalala kwambiri, lomwe limataya mwachangu mpweya wabwino watsopano.

11. Mtengo ndi Zolimbana ndi Zofooka:

• Mtengo wake: Gawo lapamwamba la tiyi wobiriwira wa Chongqing. Mitengo yoyerekeza: gawo la “mphukira imodzi” — kuyambira 2,000 yuan pa jin (500 g); mtundu wapamwamba (特级) — kuyambira 700 yuan; mtundu woyamba — 400–600 yuan; mtundu wachiwiri — 200–400 yuan.

• Momwe mungapewere zofooka:

  • Gulani kuchokera kwa wopanga wovomerezeka — “Chongqing Tea Group” (重茶集团) ndi kampani yake yaing’ono “Èrshèng Cháyè” (二圣茶叶公司), komanso m’malo ogulitsa ovomerezeka ku Chongqing ndi pa intaneti.
  • Onetsetsani kuti pali chizindikiro cha malo ovomerezeka “巴南银针” pa phukusi.
  • Tiyi weniweni — “singano” zowongoka, zosalala ndi ubweya wasiliva wochuluka. Zofooka — nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhotakhota, zokhala ndi ubweya wozimiririka kapena wopanda.
  • Fungo — la chestnut loyera, popanda fungo lina. Madzi ake — owonekera, achikasu wobiriwira. Akathira madzi, “singano” ziyenera kuimirira mozungulira — ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuumba koyenera ndi zopangira zenizeni.
  • Mtengo wochepera 400 yuan pa 500 g (kwa mtundu wapamwamba) ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

• Tiyi wa mameya ndi apulezidenti. Mu 2005, Bānán yín zhēn adakhala tiyi yekhayo wovomerezeka wa Msonkhano wa Mameya a Mizinda ya Asia-Pacific (亚太城市市长峰会). Mu 2007 — tiyi wokomera alendo ndi mphatso yovomerezeka pa chikondwerero cha zaka 10 cha Chongqing ngati mzinda wapakati. Mu 2010 — tiyi wa Chiwonetsero Chachikulu cha Shanghai (EXPO-2010).

• Magawo 37 a ntchito ndi mibadwo 4. Luso lopanga la Bānán yín zhēn limaphatikizapo magawo 37 a ntchito (工序) ndipo limapatsiridwa ngati cholowa chosaoneka kupyolera m’mibadwo inayi ya akatswiri. Wosunga pakali pano ndi Liú Guānlù (刘观禄): “Pamene alendo amabwera kwa ife, abambo nthawi zonse amathira kapu ya Bānán yín zhēn — madzi ake amakhala obiriwira ndi owonekera, ndipo mu sip iliyonse mumamveka chikondi cha ku Bānán.”

• “Kuvina kwa singano za siliva”. Akathira madzi mu kapu yagalasi, masamba a Bānán yín zhēn amaimirira mozungulira, ngati nkhalango yaing’ono ya bamboo, kenako, pakatha mphindi 5–6, pang’onopang’ono amamira pansi. Chidziwitso chowoneka ichi ndi chotsatira cha kusamala bwino pakati pa kachulukidwe ka tsamba (kumene kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuumba kwa “理条提毫”) ndi ma bubble a mpweya osungidwa ndi ubweya. Kuyang’ana “kuvina” ndi gawo lamwambo la kulawa.

• “Sri Lanka ya Chongqing”. Munda wa tiyi wa “Dìngxīn” (定心茶园) pa phiri la Báixiàng, chifukwa cha mitsetse yake yokhotakhota yomwe yaphimbidwa ndi chifunga, watchedwa mosavomerezeka “Sri Lanka ya Chongqing” (重庆版斯里兰卡). Pano chaka chilichonse pamachitika “Chikondwerero cha Kuthyola Tiyi cha Dìngxīn” (定心采茶节), kumene kuli malo ochitira misonkhano ya pamanja, chipinda cholawirira, malo odyera a tiyi (zakudya: “nkhuku ya tiyi”, “tiyi wobiriwira ndi tofu”), nyumba za alendo ndi malo oti akhale.

• Chiphaso cha “kufatsa”. Luso la 2004 — “杀青中度偏嫩、初干以烘代炒” — linakhala chiphaso choyamba cha chitetezo chadziko m’makampani a tiyi ku Chongqing. Mfundo ya kusintha kwatsopano: kukazinga kofatsa kwa masamba obiriwira kumasunga amino acid ochuluka, ndipo kusintha kwa kuwotcha komaliza ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha kumateteza ubweya woyera kuti “usawotchedwe”.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa Chongqing:

• Yǒngchuān Xiù Yá (永川秀芽): Nayenso wochokera ku Chongqing, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi opindika. Bānán yín zhēn — ndi “singano”, wokhala ndi kufatsa kwambiri.

• Sānxiá Lóng Jǐng (三峡龙井): Chongqing. Wophwanyaphwanya, ngati Longjing. Bānán yín zhēn — ndi “singano”, wotsindika ubweya ndi kukongola kwa “siliva”.

• Dìngjūn Méi Méi (定军茗眉): Hanzhong. Mawonekedwe a “nsidze”, wokhala ndi selenium. Bānán — dera lina (Chongqing), mawonekedwe a “singano”.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa “singano”:

• Yǒngchuān Xiù Yá (永川秀芽): Nayenso wochokera ku Chongqing, koma kuchokera kudera lina. Mawonekedwe ophwanyaphwanya-owongoka, “wonga nsidze”. Bānán — “singano” zozungulira, zokhala ndi ubweya wambiri.

• Ēnshī Yù Lù (恩施玉露): Kukazinga ndi nthunzi (steaming), kukoma kwa “nyanja”. Bānán — kukazinga mwachikhalidwe, fungo la chestnut.

• Jīngxiàn Tè Jiān (泾县特尖): Anhui. Nayenso ndi “singano”, koma kuchokera ku chigawo china, ndi malo ena. Bānán — kuchokera ku phiri la Báixiàng (Njovu Yoyera), 400–1000 m.

Pomaliza:

Bānán yín zhēn ndi tiyi womwe wagwirizanitsa zinthu zitatu zosowa: luso la cholowa chosaoneka mu kupanga, ndakatulo yooneka ya “kuvina kwa singano za siliva” ndi mbiri ya kukoma yomangidwa pa kuchuluka kwa amino acid (≥3.10%) ndi zinthu zosungunuka zambiri kwambiri (≥47.4%). Uwu ndi tiyi wochokera mkati mwenimweni mwa Chongqing — mzinda waukulu wodziwika bwino ndi zakudya zopweteka kuposa tiyi wobiriwira wosasalala — ndipo chimakhala chodabwitsa kupeza pa mitsetse yake yakumwera, m’mitambo ya phiri la Njovu Yoyera, tiyi wa chifundo ndi chiyero chimenechi. Adzakhala abwino kwa iwo amene amayamikira kukongola kooneka kwa kuthira madzi mofanana ndi kukoma mu kapu.